Process-based models
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Využití znalostí ve formě postupů, konkrétně organizačních procesů a formalizovaných lékařských doporučení, může být vhodné pro vytvoření znalostní báze systému pro podporu v rozhodování (DSS) v oblasti poskytování zdravotní péče. Problém nastává v případě, že pro vývoj DSS chceme použít multiagentní přístup z důvodu rozdílů mezi formalizací chováním se agentů a procesním zápisem. V tomto příspěvku pokračujeme v práci na nové multiagentní architektuře a představíme její integraci do stávajícího systému na podporu v rozhodování (K4Care) v oblasti domácí péče. Základní metodou byla analýza dostupné dokumentace ke komplexnímu systému K4Care, na jejímž základě jsme identifikovali společná místa v rámci již existující funkcionality a návrhu nové architektury. Ta dále posloužila jako výchozí body pro vylepšení modelu K4Care s ohledem na novou multiagentní architekturu založenou na procesech. Analýza potvrdila nejen možnost takové integrace, ale také její přímočarost a minimum nutných změn v modelu K4Care díky dostatečně obecnému návrhu multiagentní architektury založené na procesech. Na základě integrace byly identifikovány okamžité vylepšení podporující lidského experta při jeho práci se systémem, jakož i možnosti dalšího rozšíření systému K4Care na základě této integrace. Integrace multiagentní architektury může být přínosná i pro stávající systémy pro podporu v rozhodování a díky ní otevře nové možnosti založené na multiagentním přístupu.
Utilization of procedural knowledge in the form of organizational processes and formalized medical guidelines can be useful in decision support systems (DSSs) in health care domain. The problem of using this form of knowledge arises when a multi-agent paradigm is to be applied in a DSS due to differences in specification of behavioural models of agents and process formalisms. In this work we continue in enhancing a novel process-based multi-agent architecture and demonstrate its integration into an existing DSS (K4care) focused on home care. We analysed available documentation of the complex system K4Care and identified possible mutual common functionalities of implemented multi-agent system with the new architecture. These were the entry points, using which we further enhanced the K4Care platform with respect to the process-based multi-agent architecture. The analysis proved that the integration is not only possible, but thanks to the general design of the process-based multi-agent architecture can be done with only small changes in the existing K4Care model. Immediate improvements in supporting human experts were identified and possible further improvements of the system were discussed. Adopting the process-based multi-agent architecture can be beneficial even for existing DSSs and can open new possible features emerging from the multi-agent paradigm.
- Klíčová slova
- multiagentní systémy, multiagentní architektury, organizační procesy, formalizované lékařské doporučení, zdravotní péče, domácí péče K4Care,
- MeSH
- financování organizované MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- metody pro podporu rozhodování MeSH
- služby domácí péče MeSH
- software MeSH
- systémy podporující rozhodování v léčbě využití MeSH
- systémy pro podporu klinického rozhodování využití MeSH
- zajištění kvality zdravotní péče metody MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
In direct compression of tablets, it is crucial to maintain content uniformity within acceptable margins, especially in formulations with low drug loading. To assure it, complex and multistep mixing processes are utilized in the industry. In this study, we suggest the use of a simple segregation test to evaluate mixing process performance and mixture segregation to produce tablets having satisfying content uniformity while keeping the process as simple and low cost as possible. Eventually, the formulation propensity to segregation can be evaluated using process analytical technology (PAT) to adjust the mixing process parameters to changing source drug properties. In this study, that approach was examined on a model drug with a broad batch-to-batch variability in particle size and shape. Excipients were chosen so that the resulting blend composition mimicked some marketed formulations. For each drug batch, two formulation blends were prepared through different preparation processes (one simple and one complex) and subsequently subjected to segregation tests. From those, segregation coefficients were obtained to compare segregation tendencies and homogeneity robustness between the drug batches and the blend preparation methods. The inter-particulate interactions were substantially influenced by the drug particle morphology and size and resulted in different segregation behavior. Based on these findings, a simple segregation test proved to be a useful tool for determining the suitability of different batches of the model drug to be used in a certain formulation. Moreover, for a particular batch A, the test revealed a potential for mixing process simplification and therefore process intensification and cost reduction.
... ASPECTS OF EXPOSURE MODELLING 12 -- 2.1 Conceptual models 12 -- 2.2 Computational elements of a model ... ... for selecting a model 18 -- 2.5 Quality assurance planning for modelling 19 -- 2.6 Model evaluation 20 ... ... models 30 -- 3.1.2 Surface contamination models 31 -- 3.1.3 Drinking-water concentration models 33 -- ... ... based models of internal dose 51 -- 3.2.7 Source apportionment models 52 -- 4. ... ... inputs 55 -- 4.3 Model processes 56 -- 4.4 Model outputs 56 -- REFERENCES CITED -- 61 ...
IPCS harmonization project document ; no. 3
iv, 70 s. : tab. ; 30 cm
- MeSH
- anorganické látky škodlivé účinky farmakokinetika MeSH
- biologické modely MeSH
- dávka bez pozorovaného nepříznivého účinku MeSH
- farmakologické a toxikologické jevy MeSH
- hodnocení rizik normy MeSH
- organické látky farmakokinetika toxicita MeSH
- Konspekt
- Chemie. Mineralogické vědy
- NLK Obory
- chemie, klinická chemie
- environmentální vědy
- NLK Publikační typ
- publikace WHO
Výzkumné šetření bylo zaměřeno na možnosti využití koncepčních modelů kulturních kompetencí v ošetřovatelství. Výzkum byl koncipován jako přehledová studie a byl proveden na základě obsahové analýzy studií publikovaných v rámci vědeckých databází EBSCOhost, Pubmed a Scopus prostřednictvím klíčových slov kulturní kompetence, model a ošetřovatelství. Studie poukazují na velký vliv globalizace jakožto spontánního neřízeného procesu integrace zemí světa v jediném systému a následnou nutnost vzniku kulturních kompetencí. Nejčastěji zastoupené kulturní kompetence představují znalosti, dovednosti, postoje, schopnost reagovat laskavě a efektivně na osoby všech kultur, uznání, respekt a odpovědnost, poskytování kvalifikované péče a dlouhodobý proces sebevzdělávání. Mezi koncepční modely, které jsou předkládané v tomto rukopisu a jsou charakteristické kulturními kompetencemi, patří velká ošetřovatelská teorie od Madeleine Leininger, model Ireny Papadopoulus, Mary Tilki a Giny Taylor pro rozvíjení kulturní kompetence, model rozvíjení kulturní způsobilosti Josephy Campinhy-Bacote a model kulturních kompetencí od Larryho D. Purnella. Výsledky bylo zjištěno, že jsou kulturní kompetence v souvislosti s transkulturním ošetřovatelstvím významnou složkou moderní ošetřovatelské profese. Na základě analýzy publikovaných prací bylo totiž zjištěno, že jsou předkládané modely na poli ošetřovatelství nepostradatelné.
The study focuses on the potential use of conceptual models of cultural competences in the nursing profession. The research was designed as a summary study and based on content analysis of studies published within the scientific databases EBSCOhost, PubMed and Scopus, by using the key words: cultural competence, model and nursing. The study points out the influence of globalization as a spontaneous uncontrolled process of integration of countries around the world in a single system, and the subsequent need for cultural competence. The most frequently cited cultural competences are knowledge, skills, attitudes, the ability to react in a kind and efficient manner to people from all cultures, recognition, respect and responsibility, provision of qualified care and the long-term process of self-education. The conceptual models presented in this article and characterized by cultural competence include the Great Theory of Nursing by Madeleine Leininger, the model of Irena Papadopoulus, Mary Tilki and Gina Taylor of the development of cultural competence, the model of development of cultural competence by Josepha Campinha-Bacote, and the model of cultural competences by Larry D. Purnell. The results showed that cultural competence constitutes an indispensable component of the modern nursing profession in connection with transcultural nursing. The analysis of the published works pointed out that the above stated models are essential for the field of nursing.
- MeSH
- kulturní kompetence * MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- ošetřovatelské modely * MeSH
- ošetřovatelství MeSH
- transkulturní ošetřovatelství MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
Phosphodiester bond cleavage is one of the most important processes in all living systems. Cell regulation is based on the effective and selective P–O bond cleavage, which is achieved by natural enzymes – phosphodiesterases. Some enzymes of this group rank among the most efficient known. The structure of these enzymes and their mechanism of action are important for designing the artificial enzyme models capable of catalyzing P–O bond cleavage. The present review summarizes the current approaches leading to synthesis of enzyme models and provides a comprehensive overview of the most important systems that have been synthesized and studied.
- Klíčová slova
- štěpení fosfoesterové vazby,
- MeSH
- chemické modely * MeSH
- esterasy * chemie MeSH
- fosfodiesterasy * chemie MeSH
- hydrolýza MeSH
- organofosforové sloučeniny chemie MeSH
- Publikační typ
- přehledy MeSH
Animal testing has made a significant and unequalled contribution to important discoveries and advancements in the fields of research, medicine, vaccine development, and drug discovery. Each year, millions of animals are sacrificed for various experiments, and this is an ongoing process. However, the debate on the ethical and sensible usage of animals in in vivo experimentation is equally important. The need to explore and adopt newer alternatives to animals so as to comply with the goal of reduce, refine, and replace needs attention. Besides the ever-increasing debate on ethical issues, animal research has additional drawbacks (need of trained labour, requirement of breeding area, lengthy protocols, high expenses, transport barriers, difficulty to extrapolate data from animals to humans, etc.). With this scenario, the present review has been framed to give a comprehensive insight into the possible alternative options worth exploring in this direction especially targeting replacements for animal models of bacterial infections. There have been some excellent reviews discussing on the alternate methods for replacing and reducing animals in drug research. However, reviews that discuss the replacements in the field of medical bacteriology with emphasis on animal bacterial infection models are purely limited. The present review discusses on the use of (a) non-mammalian models and (b) alternative systems such as microfluidic chip-based models and microdosing aiming to give a detailed insight into the prospects of these alternative platforms to reduce the number of animals being used in infection studies. This would enlighten the scientific community working in this direction to be well acquainted with the available new approaches and alternatives so that the 3R strategy can be successfully implemented in the field of antibacterial drug research and testing.
- MeSH
- bakteriální infekce * prevence a kontrola veterinární MeSH
- experimenty na zvířatech * MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- modely u zvířat MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
- MeSH
- biomedicínské inženýrství metody přístrojové vybavení MeSH
- databáze faktografické využití MeSH
- koronární nemoc patofyziologie patologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- Markovovy řetězce MeSH
- neuronové sítě MeSH
- počítačové zpracování signálu MeSH
- srdeční ozvy fyziologie MeSH
- teoretické modely MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
Parameters in diffusion neuronal models are divided into two groups; intrinsic and input parameters. Intrinsic parameters are related to the properties of the neuronal membrane and are assumed to be known throughout the paper. Input parameters characterize processes generated outside the neuron and methods for their estimation are reviewed here. Two examples of the diffusion neuronal model, which are based on the integrate-and-fire concept, are investigated--the Ornstein--Uhlenbeck model as the most common one and the Feller model as an illustration of state-dependent behavior in modeling the neuronal input. Two types of experimental data are assumed-intracellular describing the membrane trajectories and extracellular resulting in knowledge of the interspike intervals. The literature on estimation from the trajectories of the diffusion process is extensive and thus the stress in this review is set on the inference made from the interspike intervals.
- MeSH
- modely neurologické MeSH
- neurony MeSH
- Publikační typ
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
The study deals with the process of estimation of material parameters from uniaxial test data of arterial tissue and focuses on the role of transverse strains. Two fitting strategies are analyzed and their impact on the predictive and descriptive capabilities of the resulting model is evaluated. The standard fitting procedure (strategy A) based on longitudinal stress-strain curves is compared with the enhanced approach (strategy B) taking also the transverse strain test data into account. The study is performed on a large set of material data adopted from literature and for a variety of constitutive models developed for fibrous soft tissues. The standard procedure (A) ignoring the transverse strain test data is found rather hazardous, leading often to unrealistic predictions of the model exhibiting auxetic behaviour. In contrast, the alternative fitting method (B) ensures a realistic strain response of the model and is proved to be superior since it does not require any significant demands of computational effort or additional testing. The results presented in this paper show that even the artificial transverse strain data (i.e., not measured during testing but generated ex post based on assumed Poisson's ratio) are much less hazardous than total disregard of the transverse strain response.
- MeSH
- arterie * MeSH
- biologické modely * MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH