Autoři jsou uváděni v abecedním pořadí, podíl jednotlivých autorů je uveden na konci práce. Souhrn doporučení Preventivní opatření a postupy Doporučujeme, aby v průběhu porodu u žen s rizikovými faktory pro PPH byla sledována krevní ztráta s využitím kalibrovaných kolektorů krve nebo jejich ekvivalentů. (Dobrá klinická praxe) Doporučujeme, aby ženy se závažnými rizikovými faktory pro PŽOK (např. placenta acrreta spectrum nebo hematologické poruchy vyžadující konziliární hematologickou péči) rodily v perinatologickém centru intenzivní péče nebo v perinatologickém centru intermediární péče. (Dobrá klinická praxe) Doporučujeme u pacientek s vysokým rizikem PŽOK v přiměřeném časovém předstihu před porodem formulování plánu péče za účasti multidisciplinárního týmu. (Dobrá klinická praxe) Doporučujeme léčbu anemie antepartálně. Těhotným ženám by měly být podávány preparáty železa, pokud hladina hemoglobinu klesne v I. trimestru < 110 g/l nebo < 105 g/l ve 28. týdnu těhotenství. (Dobrá klinická praxe) Navrhujeme zvážit parenterální podání železa u žen se sideropenickou anemií, nereagující na suplementaci železa perorální cestou. Příčina anemie by měla být zjištěna co nejdříve po ukončení těhotenství. (Slabé doporučení) Pokud se dítě dobře adaptuje, nedoporučujeme dřívější podvaz pupečníku než za 1 min. (Silné doporučení) Doporučujeme pro snížení rizika rozvoje PPH a PŽOK u všech vaginálních porodů profylaktické podání uterotonik ve III. době porodní po porodu dítěte a po podvazu pupečníku. Lékem první volby je oxytocin. (Silné doporučení) Pokud nebyla aktivně vedena III. doba porodní, navrhujeme pro zkrácení trvání III. doby porodní a pro snížení krevní ztráty u vaginálního porodu zvážit provedení masáže dělohy a řízenou trakci za pupečník, provádí-li ji kvalifikovaná osoba. (Slabé doporučení) Doporučujeme podání uterotonik k prevenci rozvoje PPH u žen po vybavení dítěte císařským řezem a po podvazu pupečníku. (Silné doporučení) Navrhujeme zvážit u žen se zvýšeným rizikem PŽOK podání carbetocinu. (Slabé doporučení) Doporučujeme u žen se zvýšeným rizikem PŽOK podstupujících císařský řez jednorázové podání kyseliny tranexamové (TXA). Klinická poznámka: Použití TXA před provedením císařského řezu není explicitně uvedeno v SPC přípravku. Recentní metaanalýza uvádí nejčastější dávkování 1 g i.v. (Silné doporučení) Organizace poskytování péče Doporučujeme, aby každé zdravotnické zařízení, kde je gynekologicko-porodnické pracoviště, mělo pro situace PŽOK vypracováno řízený dokument definující organizační a odborný postup. (Dobrá klinická praxe) Doporučujeme, aby řízený dokument (tj. krizový plán) jednoznačně vymezoval organizační a odborné role jednotlivých členů krizového týmu při vzniku PŽOK (nelékařský personál, porodník, anesteziolog, hematolog apod.) a definoval minimální rozsah vybavení pracoviště pro zajištění péče o pacientky s PŽOK. (Dobrá klinická praxe) Doporučujeme pravidelný simulační trénink krizové situace PŽOK celým krizovým týmem s následným debrífinkem nebo jeho formalizovaným ekvivalentem. (Dobrá klinická praxe) Doporučujeme na každém pracovišti definování indikátorů kvality diagnostiky a léčby PŽOK a jejich formalizované vyhodnocování v pravidelných intervalech, nejméně jednou ročně. (Dobrá klinická praxe) Diagnostický a léčebný postup při PŽOK Při nálezu hypotonie nebo atonie dělohy doporučujeme používat strukturovaný stupňovitý postup. (Dobrá klinická praxe) Na pracovištích s dostupností endovaskulárních intervencí navrhujeme u stavů PŽOK z důvodu hypotonie nebo atonie dělohy zvážit preferenční využití radiologických intervenčních metod (selektivní embolizace pánevních tepen), pokud to aktuální klinický kontext umožňuje. (Slabé doporučení) U všech stavů rozvoje PPH doporučujeme provedení tzv. předtransfuzního vyšetření. Pro posouzení aktuálního stavu koagulace jsou (kromě standardních laboratorních vyšetření) preferovány metody tzv. point-of-care-testing, zejména viskoelastické metody. (Dobrá klinická praxe) Každé porodnické pracoviště by mělo mít ve spolupráci s transfuzním oddělením a ústavní lékárnou trvale dostatečnou zásobu transfuzních přípravků a krevních derivátů pro jejich bezprostřední dostupnost v režimu 24/7. Doporučujeme u stavů rozvoje PŽOK zajistit iniciálně dostupnost čtyř transfuzních jednotek plazmy (preferována je tzv. solvent/detergent ošetřená plazma), čtyř transfuzních jednotek erytrocytů a 6 g fibrinogenu. Za minimální zásobu fibrinogenu považujeme 8 g fibrinogenu a dostupnost dalších 8 g do 1 hod. (Dobrá klinická praxe) Doporučujeme u všech pacientek s PPH zahájit okamžitou tekutinovou resuscitaci. Pro zahájení tekutinové resuscitace doporučujeme použití balancovaných roztoků krystaloidů. (Silné doporučení) Navrhujeme zvážit použití syntetických koloidních roztoků s obsahem želatiny při nedosažení nebo nedosahování hemodynamických cílů tekutinové resuscitace použitím krystaloidních roztoků a při trvající potřebě tekutin. (Slabé doporučení) Do doby dosažení kontroly zdroje krvácení doporučujeme u pacientek s PŽOK usilovat o dosažení hodnoty systolického krevního tlaku v pásmu 80–90 mmHg. (Silné doporučení) Doporučujeme u PŽOK použít vazopresory co nejdříve při nemožnosti dosažení cílových hodnot arteriálního krevního tlaku probíhající tekutinovou resuscitací. (Silné doporučení) V diagnostice a léčbě koagulopatie u PŽOK nereagujícího na standardní léčebné postupy doporučujeme spolupráci s hematologem. (Dobrá klinická praxe) K identifikaci typu koagulační poruchy u PŽOK, k její monitoraci a pro cílenou léčbu poruchy hemostázy doporučujeme kromě výše uvedených skupinových laboratorních vyšetření (minimálně KO, aPTT, fibrinogen) používat i viskoelastické metody (ROTEM, TEG). (Silné doporučení) K dosažení/obnovení účinnosti endogenních hemostatických mechanismů a léčebných postupů podpory koagulace doporučujeme maximální možnou korekci hypotermie, acidózy a hladiny ionizovaného kalcia. (Silné doporučení) Doporučujeme časné zahájení všech dostupných postupů k prevenci hypotermie a udržení nebo dosažení normotermie. (Silné doporučení) Doporučujeme monitorovat a udržovat hladinu ionizovaného kalcia v normálním referenčním rozmezí při podávání transfuzních přípravků. Ke korekci byl měl být přednostně podáván chlorid vápenatý. (Silné doporučení) Substituci fibrinogenu doporučujeme u pacientek s PPH při poklesu jeho hladiny < 2 g/l a/nebo při nálezu jeho funkčního deficitu zjištěném viskoelastickými metodami a/nebo při odůvodněném klinickém předpokladu deficitu fibrinogenu i bez znalosti jeho hladin. Jako úvodní dávku u PŽOK doporučujeme podání minimálně 4 g fibrinogenu. (Silné doporučení) Doporučujeme podat kyselinu tranexamovou (TXA) v úvodní dávce 1 g i.v. co nejdříve po vzniku PŽOK. Identická dávka může být opakována (nejdříve po 30 min), pokud krvácení pokračuje a je-li současně prokázána hyperfibrinolýza a/nebo je-li v aktuálním klinickém kontextu hyperfibrinolýza vysoce pravděpodobná. (Silné doporučení) Po dosažení kontroly krvácení další podání TXA u pacientek s PŽOK nedoporučujeme. (Silné doporučení) Doporučujeme podání plazmy v dávce 15–20 ml/kg u stavů PPH, kde je předpoklad koagulopatie jiné etiologie, než je nedostatek fibrinogenu a/nebo jsou přítomny abnormální výsledky koagulačních vyšetření, a kdy jejich výsledky neumožní identifikovat spolehlivě převažující mechanizmus koagulační poruchy a její cílenou korekci. (Silné doporučení) Doporučujeme podání faktorů protrombinového komplexu (PCC) u pacientek s PŽOK, kde je laboratorně prokázán deficit faktorů v PCC obsažených. Rutinní podávání PCC u pacientek s PŽOK nedoporučujeme. (Silné doporučení) Navrhujeme zvážit podání rFVIIa v době před rozhodnutím o endovaskulární nebo chirurgické intervenci. (Slabé doporučení) Doporučujeme u pacientek s PŽOK podávání erytrocytárních transfuzních přípravků k dosažení cílové hodnoty hemoglobinu v pásmu 70–80 g/l. (Silné doporučení) Doporučujeme u pacientek s PŽOK podávání trombocytů k dosažení cílové hodnoty minimálně 50 × 109/l a/nebo při předpokladu či průkazu poruchy jejich funkce. (Silné doporučení) Nedoporučujeme rutinní měření hladin antitrombinu III u pacientek s PŽOK. (Silné doporučení) Nedoporučujeme rutinní substituci antitrombinu III u pacientek s PŽOK. (Silné doporučení) Doporučujeme zahájit farmakologickou profylaxi trombembolické nemoci co nejdříve po dosažení kontroly zdroje PPH. Mechanickou tromboprofylaxi (intermitentní pneumatická komprese anebo elastické punčochy) doporučujeme zahájit neprodleně, jakmile to klinický stav dovolí. (Silné doporučení)

Summary of recommendations Preventive measures and procedures We recommend monitoring of blood loss in women with risk factors for PPH during labor using calibrated blood collectors or their equivalents. (Good Clinical Practice) We recommend that women with significant risk factors for PPH (e.g., placenta acrreta spectrum or hematologic disorders requiring consultative hematologic care) deliver in a perinatal intensive care center or perinatal intermediate care center. (Good Clinical Practice) We recommend formulating a plan of care in collaboration with a multidisciplinary team at a reasonable time prior to delivery for patients at high risk of PPH. (Good Clinical Practice) We recommend treating anemia antepartally. Pregnant women should be given iron supplements if the haemoglobin level falls to < 110 g/L in the 1st trimester or < 105 g/L at 28 weeks of pregnancy. (Good Clinical Practice) We suggest considering parenteral iron administration in women with sideropenic anemia unresponsive to oral iron supplementation. The cause of anemia should be identified as soon as possible after termination of pregnancy. (Weak recommendation) If the baby adapts well, we do not recommend cord ligation in less than 1 min. (Strong recommendation) In all vaginal deliveries, we recommend prophylactic administration of uterotonics in the third postpartum period after the delivery of the baby and cord ligation to reduce the risk of PPH. The first-choice drug is oxytocin. (Strong recommendation) If the third stage of labor has not been actively managed, we suggest that uterine massage and controlled umbilical cord traction be considered to shorten the duration of the third stage of labor and to reduce blood loss during vaginal delivery, if performed by a qualified healthcare professional. (Weak recommendation) We recommend the administration of uterotonics to prevent the development of PPH in women after the delivery of a child by caesarean section and umbilical cord ligation. (Strong recommendation) We suggest considering carbetocin administration in women at increased risk of PPH. (Weak recommendation) We recommend a single-dose administration of tranexamic acid (TXA) in women at increased risk of PPH undergoing a caesarean section. Clinical note: The use of TXA prior to the caesarean section is not explicitly stated in the product's SPC. A recent meta-analysis states the most common dosage to be 1 g i.v. (Strong recommendation) Organization of care We recommend that every health care facility with an OB/GYN unit should have the PPH management protocol (guided document is not specific or really used at all, I am not sure if my suggestion is sufficient) defining the organizational and professional procedure for PPH situations. (Good Clinical Practice) We recommend that the PPH management protocol (i.e. the crisis action plan) should clearly define the organizational and professional roles of the individual members of the crisis team in the event of PPH (non-medical staff), obstetrician, anesthetist, hematologist, etc.) and define the minimum scope of equipment for the care of patients with PPH. (Good Clinical Practice) We recommend regular simulation training of PPH crisis by the entire crisis team with a subsequent debriefing or its formalized equivalent. (Good Clinical Practice) We recommend defining quality indicators for the diagnosis and treatment of PPH and their formalized evaluation at regular intervals, at least once a year. (Good Clinical Practice) Diagnostic and treatment procedure at PPH When hypotonia or atony of the uterus is found, we recommend using a structured procedure. (Good Clinical Practice) At departments with an option of endovascular interventions, we suggest considering the preferential use of radiological interventional methods (selective pelvic artery embolization) in cases of PPH due to uterine hypotonia or atony, if the current clinical context allows it. (Weak recommendation) For all stages of PPH development, we recommend a pre-transfusion examination. In addition to standard laboratory tests, point-of-care-testing methods, especially viscoelastic methods, are preferred to assess the current coagulation status. (Good Clinical Practice) Each obstetric unit should ensure a sufficient stock of blood products and blood derivatives for their immediate availability 24/7 in collaboration with the transfusion department and the inpatient pharmacy. In case of PPH development, we recommend securing initial availability of 4 units of plasma (solvent/detergent-treated plasma is preferred), 4 units of erythrocytes and 6 g of fibrinogen. We consider 8 g to be a minimum supply of fibrinogen and additional 8 g should be available within 1 h. (Good Clinical Practice) We recommend the initiation of immediate fluid resuscitation in all patients with PPH. We recommend the use of balanced crystalloid solutions to initiate fluid resuscitation. (Strong recommendation) We propose considering the use of synthetic colloid solutions containing gelatin when hemodynamic goals of fluid resuscitation have not been achieved or are not being achieved using crystalloid solutions and when a fluid deficit persists. (Weak recommendation) Until the source of bleeding is controlled, we recommend aiming for a systolic blood pressure in a range of 80–90 mmHg in patients with PPH. (Strong recommendation) We recommend the use of vasopressors as soon as possible in PPH when target arterial blood pressure values cannot be reached by ongoing fluid resuscitation. (Strong recommendation) We recommend cooperation with a hematologist in the diagnosis and treatment of coagulopathy in PPH unresponsive to standard therapies. (Good Clinical Practice) In addition to the above-mentioned panel laboratory tests (at least KO, aPTT, fibrinogen), we also recommend using viscoelastic methods (ROTEM, TEG) to identify the type of coagulation disorder in PPH, to monitor it and for targeted treatment of hemostasis disorders. (Strong recommendation) To achieve/restore the efficacy of endogenous hemostatic mechanisms and coagulation support therapies, we recommend the maximum possible correction of hypothermia, acidosis and ionized calcium levels. (Strong recommendation) Early initiation of all available procedures to prevent hypothermia and maintain or achieve normothermia is recommended. (Strong recommendation) It is recommended monitoring and maintaining ionized calcium levels within the normal range when administering transfusion products. Preferably, calcium chloride should be administered for correction. (Strong recommendation) Fibrinogen replacement is recommended in patients with PPH when fibrinogen levels fall to < 2 g/L and/or when there is a functional fibrinogen deficiency detected by viscoelastic methods and/or when there is a reasonable clinical assumption of fibrinogen deficiency even without knowledge of fibrinogen levels. We recommend a minimum of 4 g of fibrinogen as an initial dose in PPH. (Strong recommendation) It is recommended to administer tranexamic acid (TXA) at an initial dose of 1 g i.v. as soon as possible after the onset of PPH. An identical dose may be repeated (after 30 min at the earliest) if bleeding continues and if hyperfibrinolysis is demonstrated and/or if hyperfibrinolysis is highly likely in the current clinical context. (Strong recommendation) We do not recommend further administration of TXA in patients with PPH after bleeding control has been achieved. (Strong recommendation) We recommend administration of plasma at a dose of 15–20 mL/kg in PPH conditions where coagulopathy of a different etiology than fibrinogen deficiency is suspected and/or abnormal coagulation test results are present, and where the results do not reliably identify the predominant mechanism of the coagulation disorder and its targeted correction. (Strong recommendation) We recommend the administration of prothrombin complex factors (PCC) in patients with PPH where there is a laboratory evidence of a deficiency of PCC factors. We do not recommend routine administration of PCC in patients with PPH. (Strong recommendation) We suggest considering administration of rFVIIa before making a decision on an endovascular or a surgical intervention. (Weak recommendation) In patients with PPH, we recommend administration of erythrocyte blood products to achieve a target hemoglobin value in the range 70–80 g/L. (Strong recommendation) In patients with PPH, we recommend platelet administration to achieve a target value of at least 50 × 109/L and/or when platelet function impairment is suspected or demonstrated. (Strong recommendation) We do not recommend routine measurement of antithrombin III levels in patients with PPH. (Strong recommendation) We do not recommend routine antithrombin III replacement in patients with PPH. (Strong recommendation) We recommend initiating pharmacological prophylaxis for thromboembolic disease as soon as possible after control of the source of PPH is achieved. We recommend initiating mechanical thromboprophylaxis (intermittent pneumatic compression or elastic stockings) as soon as the clinical condition permits. (Strong recommendation)

• Keywords
• profylaxe uterotoniky, peripartální krvácení, tlakové a podlatkové nitroděložní prostředky, hemostatické nitroděložní prostředky, viskoelastické metody, krizový management,
• MeSH
• Uterine Hemorrhage * diagnosis   therapy   MeSH
• Factor VIIa MeSH
• Hemorrhage diagnosis   therapy   MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Peripartum Period MeSH
• Pregnancy MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Pregnancy MeSH
• Female MeSH
• Publication type
• Practice Guideline MeSH

The approaches to matrix effects determination and reduction in ultra-high performance supercritical fluid chromatography with mass spectrometry detection have been evaluated in this study using different sample preparation methods and investigation of different calibration models. Five sample preparation methods, including protein precipitation, liquid-liquid extraction, supported liquid extraction, and solid phase extraction based on both "bind and elute" and "interferent removal" modes, were optimized with an emphasis on the matrix effects and recovery of 8 forms of vitamin E, including α-, β-, γ-, and δ-tocopherols and tocotrienols, from plasma. The matrix effect evaluation included the use and comparison of external and internal calibration using three models, i.e., least square with no transformation and no weighting (1/x0), with 1/x2 weighting, and with logarithmic transformation. The calibration model with logarithmic transformation provided the lowest %-errors and the best fits. Moreover, the type of the calibration model significantly affected not only the fit of the data but also the matrix effects when evaluating them based on the comparison of calibration curve slopes. Indeed, based on the used calibration model, the matrix effects calculated from calibration slopes ranged from +92% to - 72% for α-tocopherol and from -77% to +19% in the case of δ-tocotrienol. Thus, it was crucial to calculate the matrix effect by Matuszewski's post-extraction approach at six concentration levels. Indeed, a strong concentration dependence was observed for all optimized sample preparation methods, even if the stable isotopically labelled internal standards (SIL-IS) were used for compensation. The significant differences between individual concentration levels and compounds were observed, even when the tested calibration range covered only one order of magnitude. In methods with wider calibration ranges, the inappropriate use of calibration slope comparison instead of the post-extraction addition approach could result in false negative results of matrix effects. In the selected example of vitamin E, solid-phase extraction was the least affected by matrix effects when used in interferent removal mode, but supported liquid extraction resulted in the highest recoveries. We showed that the calibration model, the use of a SIL-IS, and the analyte concentration level played a crucial role in the matrix effects. Moreover, the matrix effects can significantly differ for compounds with similar physicochemical properties and close retention times. Thus, in all bioanalytical applications, where different analytes are typically determined in one analytical run, it is necessary to carefully select the data processing in addition to the method for the sample preparation, SIL-IS, and chromatography.

• MeSH
• Solid Phase Extraction methods   MeSH
• Mass Spectrometry * methods   MeSH
• Calibration MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Chromatography, Supercritical Fluid * methods   MeSH
• Vitamin E * blood   analysis   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH

The use of contaminated raw materials can lead to the transfer of mycotoxins into the final product, including beer. This study describes the use of the commercially available immunoaffinity column 11+Myco MS-PREP® and UPLC-MS/MS for the determination of mycotoxins in pale lager-type beers brewed in Czech Republic and other European countries. The additional aim of the work was to develop, optimize and validate this analytical method. Validation parameters such as linearity, limit of detection (LOD), limit of quantification (LOQ), precision and accuracy were tested. The calibration curves were linear with correlation coefficients (R2 > 0.99) for all mycotoxins under investigation. The LOD ranged from 0.1 to 50 ng/L and LOQ from 0.4 to 167 ng/L. Recoveries of the selected analytes ranged from 72.2 to 101.1%, and the relative standard deviation under conditions repeatability (RSDr) did not exceed 16.3% for any mycotoxin. The validated procedure was successfully applied for the analysis of mycotoxins in a total of 89 beers from the retail network. The results were also processed using advanced chemometric techniques and compared with similar published studies. The toxicological impact was taken into account.

• MeSH
• Chromatography, Liquid methods   MeSH
• Dietary Exposure analysis   MeSH
• Mycotoxins * analysis   MeSH
• Beer analysis   MeSH
• Tandem Mass Spectrometry methods   MeSH
• Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid methods   MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH

The aim of the current research was to develop a simple and rapid mass spectrometry-based assay for the determination of 15 steroid hormones in human plasma in a single run, which would be suitable for a routine practice setting. For this purpose, we designed a procedure based on the 2D-liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry with a minimalistic sample pre-treatment. In our arrangement, the preparation of one sample takes only 10 min and can accommodate 40 samples per hour when tested in series. The following analytical run is 18 min long for all steroid hormones. In addition, we developed an independent analytical run for estradiol, significantly increasing the assay accuracy while taking an additional 10 min to perform an analytical run of a sample. The optimized method was applied to a set of human plasma samples, including chylous. Our results indicate the linearity of the method for all steroid hormones with squared regression coefficients R2 ≥ 0.995, within-run and between-run precision (RSD < 6.4%), and an accuracy of 92.9% to 106.2%. The absolute recovery for each analyzed steroid hormone ranged between 101.6% and 116.5%. The method detection limit for 15 steroid hormones ranged between 0.008 nmol/L (2.88 pg/mL) for aldosterone and 0.873 nmol/L (0.252 ng/mL) for DHEA. For all the analytes, the lowest calibration point relative standard deviation was less than 10.8%, indicating a good precision of the assay within the lowest concentration of interest. In conclusion, in this method article, we describe a simple, sensitive, and cost-effective 2D-LC/MS/MS method suitable for the routine analysis of a complex of steroid hormones allowing high analytical specificity and sensitivity despite minimal sample processing and short throughput times.

• MeSH
• Chromatography, Liquid methods   MeSH
• Estradiol MeSH
• Plasma chemistry   MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Reproducibility of Results MeSH
• Steroids * analysis   MeSH
• Tandem Mass Spectrometry * methods   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH

OBJECTIVES: A stent is a mesh tube inserted into a natural passage in the body to prevent disease induction. Self-expandable esophageal nitinol stents such as SX-ELLA Stent Esophageal HV (HV Stent Plus) can be indicated for palliation of malignant esophageal strictures, for the treatment of benign esophageal strictures that are refractory to standard therapy and for the treatment of esophago-respiratory fistulas. A silicone-stent coating is used for tumor in-growth prevention and esophago-respiratory fistula occlusion. The thickness of the stent and the overall integrity of the silicone coating of all wires indicate the overall mechanical properties of the esophageal stent and the resistance to external adverse events such as corrosion and mechanical and chemical resistance. METHODS: The polymer multicomponent epoxy resin - a mixture of Epon and Durcupan - was used as a method for robust sample stabilization. A cutting system using a thin water beam with a powder (Blue Line) was chosen as the best variant to obtain 6 samples for both-sided measurement (10 measuring sides). The optical microscopic reflective light method was used to examine wire crossing points in the sections. Fifty values were measured on either sample side for the internal, external and mesh thickness of the silicone stent layer. The wire crossing points were selected so that the silicone layer structure could be clearly seen, and the wires approached each other most closely. Only approximately 4 to 8 crossing points in each section could be measured when applying this approach. The resolution of the microscope and calibration (based on the camera used) was 0.677 μm/pixel. RESULTS: Additional data could be obtained on 8 planes. Two boundary samples were destroyed by the cutting process. Whole coating of the stent was around all mesh wires, especially in areas with higher mechanical stress (wire crossing). The minimum detectable and admissible value determined for all 3 measuring areas (internal, external, mesh) on the wire crossings was 6.77 μm, i.e., 10 pixels, based on the microscope resolution and manufacturer's methodology. The results were characterized by p < 0.001 for all 3 parameters. We tested opposite samples in each section to verify the section quality and data consistency. For the 4 areas, the data were significantly different, but the thickness differences were only on the order of units percent, so the measurements were not appreciably affected. We assume that the material cutting loss, making up 1-2 mm, contributed to the differences in the sections. CONCLUSION: We examined the overall integrity of the silicone coating of the esophageal stent. The method of HV stent anchoring in a polymeric bath followed by cutting with a waterjet and sample measurement under an optical microscope proved to be very simple and reliable. Sufficient thicknesses of the silicone layer on the wire cross sections were verified. The coated silicone layer thickness appeared to be significantly different along the stent from the proximal part to the distant part, presumably due to the manufacturing technology.

• MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Airway Obstruction * MeSH
• Silicones * MeSH
• Alloys MeSH
• Constriction, Pathologic MeSH
• Stents MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH

• MeSH
• Epidemiologic Factors MeSH
• Epidemiologic Methods MeSH
• Clinical Medicine MeSH
• Evidence-Based Medicine MeSH
• Publication type
• Monograph MeSH

• Conspectus
• Patologie. Klinická medicína
• NML Fields
• epidemiologie

The method for assessing the level of nitric oxide (II) (NO) by voltammetric monitoring of nitrite ions was carried out on models M1 and M2 of polarized macrophages induced from monocytes of human peripheral blood with the addition of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and interleukin-4 (IL-4), respectively. The model of induction of M1 and M2 macrophages was used in the work to achieve the corresponding shifts in the functional status of studied cells. Ethyl nitrite (EtONO) was used as a standard compound of nitrite ions for electrochemical measurements. Electrochemical determination of nitrite ions was performed by anodic linear sweep voltammetry in the first-order derivative mode (ALSV FOD) in Britton-Robinson (BR) buffer with pH 4.02 on carbon ink modified graphite electrode. EtONO calibrations were linear over a concentration range from 2 to 9 μmol L-1 with corresponding regression equation y = 0.768c - 0.048. Limit of detection (LOD) (S/N = 3) was 0.38 μmol L-1. The results of the study showed the fundamental possibility of using voltammetry to assess indirectly the production of nitric oxide by cells in supernatants of the monocytic macrophage lineage. The level of nitric oxide metabolites (nitrite ions) in supernatants was associated with the functional state of macrophages.

• MeSH
• Adult MeSH
• Nitrites blood   MeSH
• Electrochemical Techniques methods   MeSH
• Immunophenotyping MeSH
• Culture Media MeSH
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Limit of Detection MeSH
• Macrophages cytology   immunology   metabolism   MeSH
• Young Adult MeSH
• Cell Polarity MeSH
• Flow Cytometry MeSH
• Check Tag
• Adult MeSH
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Young Adult MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH

Point-of-care systems based on microchip capillary electrophoresis require single-use, disposable microchips prefilled with all necessary solutions so an untrained operator only needs to apply the sample and perform the analysis. While microchip fabrication can be (and has been) standardized, some manufacturing differences between microchips are unavoidable. To improve analyte precision without increasing device costs or introducing additional error sources, we recently proposed the use of integrated internal standards (ISTDs): ions added to the BGE in small concentrations which form system peaks in the electropherogram that can be used as a measurement reference. Here, we further expand this initial proof-of-principle test to study a clinically-relevant application of K ion concentrations in human blood; however, using a mock blood solution instead of real samples to avoid interference from other obstacles (e.g. cell lysis). Cs as an integrated ISTD improves repeatability of K ion migration times from 6.97% to 0.89% and the linear calibration correlation coefficient (R2 ) for K quantification from 0.851 to 0.967. Peak area repeatability improves from 11.6-13.3% to 4.75-5.04% at each K concentration above the LOQ. These results further validate the feasibility of using integrated ISTDs to improve imprecision in disposable microchip CE devices by demonstrating their application for physiological samples.

• MeSH
• Models, Biological MeSH
• Potassium blood   MeSH
• Electrophoresis, Capillary instrumentation   methods   MeSH
• Lab-On-A-Chip Devices * MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Reference Standards MeSH
• Reproducibility of Results MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH

Neutron detection using nuclear emulsions can offer an alternative in personal dosimetry. The production of emulsions and their quality have to be well controlled with respect to their application in dosimetry. Nuclear emulsions consist mainly of gelatin and silver halide. Gelatin contains a significant amount of hydrogen, which can be used for fast neutron detection. The addition of B-10 in the emulsion is convenient for thermal neutron detection. In this paper, standard nuclear emulsions BR-2 and nuclear emulsions BR-2 enriched with boron produced at the Slavich Company, Russia, were applied for evaluation of fast and thermal neutron fluences. The results were obtained by calculation from the presumed emulsion composition without prior calibration. Evidence that nuclear emulsions used in the experiment are suitable for neutron dosimetry is provided.

• MeSH
• Boron chemistry   MeSH
• Bromides chemistry   MeSH
• Emulsions * MeSH
• Phantoms, Imaging MeSH
• Helium analysis   MeSH
• Calibration MeSH
• Lithium analysis   MeSH
• Neutrons * MeSH
• Image Processing, Computer-Assisted MeSH
• Radiometry instrumentation   methods   MeSH
• Fast Neutrons * MeSH
• Silver Compounds chemistry   MeSH
• Hydrogen chemistry   MeSH
• Gelatin chemistry   MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH

• MeSH
• Neoplasms radiotherapy   MeSH
• Nuclear Medicine methods   MeSH
• Radiotherapy methods   MeSH
• Publication type
• Textbook MeSH

• Conspectus
• Učební osnovy. Vyučovací předměty. Učebnice
• Lékařské vědy. Lékařství
• NML Fields
• radiologie, nukleární medicína a zobrazovací metody
• onkologie
• NML Publication type
• kolektivní monografie