Microbial transglutaminase (MTG) is an enzyme widely used in the food industry because it creates cross-links between proteins, enhancing the texture and stability of food products. Its unique properties make it a valuable tool for modifying the functional characteristics of proteins, significantly impacting the quality and innovation of food products. In this study, response surface methodology was employed to optimize the fermentation conditions for microbial transglutaminase production by the strain Streptoverticillium cinnamoneum KKP 1658. The effects of nitrogen dose, cultivation time, and initial pH on the activity of the produced transglutaminase were investigated. The significance of the examined factors was determined as follows: cultivation time > nitrogen dose > pH. The interaction between nitrogen dose and cultivation time was found to be crucial, having the second most significant impact on transglutaminase activity. Optimal conditions were identified as 48 h of cultivation with a 2% nitrogen source dose and an initial medium pH of approximately 6.0. Under these conditions, transglutaminase activity ranged from 4.5 to 5.5 U/mL. The results of this study demonstrated that response surface methodology is a promising approach for optimizing microbial transglutaminase production. Future applications of transglutaminase include the development of modern food products with improved texture and nutritional value, as well as its potential use in regenerative medicine for creating biomaterials and tissue scaffolds. This topic is particularly important and timely as it addresses the growing demand for innovative and sustainable solutions in the food and biomedical industries, contributing to an improved quality of life.
Liečba jaziev u detských popálených pacientov zahŕňa kombináciu nechirurgických a chirurgických prístupov, ktorých cieľom je minimalizovať tvorbu jaziev a zlepšiť funkčné aj estetické výsledky. Nechirurgické možnosti najčastejšie zahŕňajú kompresívnu terapiu, aplikáciu silikónu a hydratačné prípravky na podporu dozrievania a hydratácie jazvy. Kortikosteroidy sa používajú pre svoje protizápalové účinky, zatiaľ čo botulotoxín a 5-fluorouracil pomáhajú redukovať hypertrofiu jaziev. Pokročilé laserové ošetrenia zohrávajú kľúčovú úlohu v remodelácii jaziev. Ďalšie neinvazívne terapie zahŕňajú intralezionálnu a povrchovú kryoterapiu, ako aj intenzívne pulzné svetlo (IPL), ktoré pomáha zlepšovať textúru jaziev.
The treatment of scars in pediatric burn patients es a combination of non-surgical and surgical approaches aimed at minimizing scar formation and improving both functional and aesthetic outcomes. Non-surgical options commonly include compression therapy, silicone applications, and moisturizers to promote scar maturation and hydration. Corticosteroids are used for their anti-inflammatory effects, while botulinum toxin and 5-fluorouracil help reduce scar hypertrophy. Advanced laser treatments, play a key role in scar remodeling. Other non-invasive therapies include intralesional and surface cryotherapy, as well as intense pulsed light (IPL), which helps improve scar texture. Among surgical options, scar excision and autologous skin grafts, either full or partial thickness, are commonly employed to replace damaged tissue. Tissue expanders enable the gradual stretching of skin, preparing the area for flap techniques. Local flaps and Z-plasty are used to improve scar mobility, while free flaps allow for the transfer of tissue from other parts of the body for more complex reconstructions. This comprehensive approach to scar management in pediatric burns ensures optimal functional and aesthetic recovery.
There is extensive coverage in the existing literature on implant-associated lymphomas like anaplastic large-cell lymphoma, but breast implant-associated squamous cell carcinoma (BIA-SCC) has received limited scholarly attention since its first case in 1992. Thus, this study aims to conduct a qualitative synthesis focused on the underexplored association between breast implants and BIA-SCC. A systematic review was conducted utilizing the PubMed, Web of Science, and Cochrane databases to identify all currently reported cases of BIA-SCC. Additionally, a literature review was performed to identify potential biochemical mechanisms that could lead to BIA-SCC. Studies were vetted for quality using the NIH quality assessment tool. From an initial pool of 246 papers, 11 met the quality criteria for inclusion, examining a total of 14 patients aged between 40 and 81 years. BIA-SCC was found in a diverse range of implants, including those with smooth and textured surfaces, as well as those filled with saline and silicone. The condition notably manifested a proclivity for aggressive clinical progression, as evidenced by a mortality rate approximating 21.4% within a post-diagnostic interval of six months. Our literature review reveals that chronic inflammation, driven by various external factors such as pathogens and implants, can initiate carcinogenesis through epigenetic modifications and immune system alterations. This includes effects from exosomes and macrophage polarization, showcasing potential pathways for the pathogenesis of BIA-SCC. The study highlights the pressing need for further investigation into BIA-SCC, a subject hitherto inadequately addressed in the academic sphere. This necessitates the urgency for early screening and intervention to improve postoperative outcomes. While the review is confined by its reliance on case reports and series, it serves as a valuable reference for future research endeavors.
- MeSH
- Lymphoma, Large-Cell, Anaplastic * pathology MeSH
- Adult MeSH
- Breast Implantation * adverse effects MeSH
- Middle Aged MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Mammaplasty * adverse effects MeSH
- Breast Neoplasms * pathology MeSH
- Breast Implants * adverse effects MeSH
- Aged, 80 and over MeSH
- Aged MeSH
- Check Tag
- Adult MeSH
- Middle Aged MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Aged, 80 and over MeSH
- Aged MeSH
- Female MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Case Reports MeSH
- Review MeSH
- Systematic Review MeSH
Chronic hyperplastic candidiasis (CHC) presents a distinctive and relatively rare form of oral candidal infection characterized by the presence of white or white-red patches on the oral mucosa. Often mistaken for leukoplakia or erythroleukoplakia due to their appearance, these lesions display nonhomogeneous textures featuring combinations of white and red hyperplastic or nodular surfaces. Predominant locations for such lesions include the tongue, retro-angular mucosa, and buccal mucosa. This paper aims to investigate the potential influence of specific anatomical locations, retro-angular mucosa, on the development and occurrence of CHC. By examining the relationship between risk factors, we present an approach based on machine learning (ML) to predict the location of CHC occurrence. In this way, we employ Gradient Boosting Regression (GBR) to classify CHC lesion locations based on important risk factors. This estimator can serve both research and diagnostic purposes effectively. The findings underscore that the proposed ML technique can be used to predict the occurrence of CHC in retro-angular mucosa compared to other locations. The results also show a high rate of accuracy in predicting lesion locations. Performance assessment relies on Mean Squared Error (MSE), Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE), R-squared (R2), and Mean Absolute Error (MAE), consistently revealing favorable results that underscore the robustness and dependability of our classification method. Our research contributes valuable insights to the field, enhancing diagnostic accuracy and informing treatment strategies.
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
INTRODUCTION: Narrow Band Imaging (NBI) is an endoscopic optical imaging enhancement technology that improves the contrast of mucosal surface texture and enhances visualization of mucosal and submucosal vasculature. Due to its properties, it can visualize suspected malignant or precancerous lesions earlier than conventional white light endoscopy. The aim of this study was to analyze the benefit of NBI in visualization of precancerous and malignant lesions in preoperative and intraoperative diagnostics and correlation with histopathologic results. METHODS: A total of 589 patients with suspicious laryngeal or hypopharyngeal lesion were investigated using conventional white light endoscopy (WLE) and NBI endoscopy with high-definition TV (HDTV NBI) from 10/2013 to 12/2019. Patients were divided into two groups based on pre-operative NBI examination (group A, 345 patients) and intraoperative NBI examination (group B, 244 patients). All suspicious lesions were graded to 5 types of Ni classification and correlated with histopathologic results. The SPSS version 8.0.4 statistical software package was used for statistical analysis. In diagnosing premalignant and malignant lesions sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value were calculated. RESULTS: The agreement between NBI endoscopy and histopathological analysis in group A was statistically significant (Қ = 0.76, p < 0.001), with a sensitivity of 86.2% (95% IS: 65.4-95.2) and specificity of 90.9% (95% IS: 70.6-94.1). Moreover, in group B was proven almost perfect agreement between NBI and histopathological analysis (Қ = 0.8461, p < 0.001), with a sensitivity of 84.0% (95% IS: 60.2-92.4) and specificity of 96.0% (95% IS: 87.0-99.2). CONCLUSIONS: Based on our results, NBI using the Ni classification has great potential in improving diagnosis of precancerous and malignant lesions and correlates strongly with histopathologic results. It serves as a useful adjunct to white light endoscopy in the diagnosis of laryngeal and hypopharyngeal lesions, especially using HDTV NBI.
- MeSH
- Diagnosis, Differential MeSH
- Adult MeSH
- Hypopharynx diagnostic imaging MeSH
- Laryngoscopy MeSH
- Middle Aged MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Pharyngeal Neoplasms diagnostic imaging MeSH
- Laryngeal Neoplasms diagnostic imaging MeSH
- Pharyngeal Diseases diagnostic imaging MeSH
- Laryngeal Diseases diagnostic imaging MeSH
- Predictive Value of Tests MeSH
- Precancerous Conditions diagnostic imaging MeSH
- Prospective Studies MeSH
- Aged, 80 and over MeSH
- Aged MeSH
- Sensitivity and Specificity MeSH
- Narrow Band Imaging methods MeSH
- Check Tag
- Adult MeSH
- Middle Aged MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Male MeSH
- Aged, 80 and over MeSH
- Aged MeSH
- Female MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
Breast implant-associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma (BIA-ALCL) is a CD30-positive, anaplastic lymphoma kinase-negative T-cell lymphoma. Where implant history is known, all confirmed cases to date have occurred in patients with exposure to textured implants. There is a spectrum of disease presentation, with the most common occurring as a seroma with an indolent course. A less common presentation occurs as locally advanced or, rarely, as metastatic disease. Here we review the immunological characteristics of BIA-ALCL and potential triggers leading to its development. BIA-ALCL occurs in an inflammatory microenvironment with significant lymphocyte and plasma cell infiltration and a prominent Th1/Th17 phenotype in advanced disease. Genetic lesions affecting the JAK/STAT signaling pathway are commonly present. Proposed triggers for the development of malignancy include mechanical friction, silicone implant shell particulates, silicone leachables, and bacteria. Of these, the bacterial hypothesis has received significant attention, supported by a plausible biologic model. In this model, bacteria form an adherent biofilm in the favorable environment of the textured implant surface, producing a bacterial load that elicits a chronic inflammatory response. Bacterial antigens, primarily of Gram-negative origin, may trigger innate immunity and induce T-cell proliferation with subsequent malignant transformation in genetically susceptible individuals. Although much remains to be elucidated regarding the multifactorial origins of BIA-ALCL, future research should focus on prevention and treatment strategies, recognizing susceptible populations, and whether decreasing the risk of BIA-ALCL is possible.
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Review MeSH
The mechanism of colloidal silica action to improve flow properties of pharmaceutical powders is known to be based on inter-particle force disruption by silica particles adhered to the particle surface. In the present article, the kinetic aspects of this action are investigated, focusing on non-spherical particles of different size. Blends comprising microcrystalline cellulose or calcium hydrogen phosphate dihydrate and colloidal silica were examined using powder rheometer. The blends were formulated to represent effects of particle size, surface texture, colloidal silica loading, and mixing time. Pre-conditioning, shear testing, compressibility, and flow energy measurements were used to monitor flow properties. Components and blends were analyzed using particle size analysis and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), using energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and back-scattered electron (BSE) detection to determine surface particle arrangement. All studied parameters were found to have substantial effects on flow properties of powder blends. Those effects were explained by identifying key steps of colloidal silica action, which were found to proceed at substantially different rates, causing the flow properties change over time being dependent on the blend formulation and the component properties.
- MeSH
- Time Factors MeSH
- Cellulose chemistry MeSH
- Chemistry, Pharmaceutical methods MeSH
- Calcium Phosphates chemistry MeSH
- Colloids chemistry MeSH
- Microscopy, Electron, Scanning MeSH
- Silicon Dioxide chemistry MeSH
- Excipients chemistry MeSH
- Powders MeSH
- Drug Compounding methods MeSH
- Rheology MeSH
- Spectrometry, X-Ray Emission MeSH
- Particle Size MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
PURPOSE OF THE STUDY Nano-structuring and nano-silver have been extensively studied for improving the antibacterial ability of implants due to their powerful antibacterial activity; however, there is no clinical application as yet. The aim of the study was to determine the antibacterial, antiadhesive and cytotoxic features of Ti6Al4V modified with nano-texturing and silver nano-particles. MATERIAL AND METHODS The nanoparticles were applied on polished and nano-textured Ti6Al4V using sonoreduction. The surface topography, roughness, friction coefficients, hardness and elastic modulus values for prepared top layers were established. The materials were tested for antibacterial and antiadhesion activity using reference bacterial strains (Staphylococcus epidermidis CCM 7221, Staphylococcus aureus MRSA 4591, Enterococcus faecalis CCM 4224, Escherichia coli CCM 3954) and their cytocompatibility. RESULTS A strong antibacterial activity of samples treated with nano-texture and/or silver nanoparticles compared to all the tested bacterial strains at 24 hours was proven. This antibacterial activity was diminishing in relation to Staphylococcus aureusand Enterococcus faecalisat 48 and 72 hours but remained very effective against Staphylococcus epidermidisand Escherichia coli. We also demonstrated antibiofilm activity for samples treated with silver nanoparticles and nano-tubes in experiments lasting 24 and 72 hours. DISCUSSION Our main findings are in agreement with those reported in recent literature. The implant surfaces treated with nano-texture in combination with silver nanoparticles exhibit strong antibacterial and antibiofilm characteristics. Despite there is conclusive evidence of strong antibacterial functioning, why these implant modifications have not been widely applied in clinical practice remains a question. While many obstacles including legislative procedures required for clinical implementation are more or less known, it should be clearly demonstrated that this surface modification does neither harm the patient nor interfere with the long-term survivorship of the implants before their wide-range clinical application. CONCLUSIONS Surface modification of Ti6Al4V with nano-texturing and silver nanoparticles resulted in strong antibacterial and modest antibiofilm effects. Thus, our results confirmed the technological potential of nano-texturing and silver nanoparticles for the improvement of antibacterial properties of implants. Key words:prosthetic joint infection, anti-infective biomaterials, titanium alloy, silver nanoparticles, nanotubes, prevention of infection.
- MeSH
- Anti-Bacterial Agents * MeSH
- Coated Materials, Biocompatible MeSH
- Metal Nanoparticles * MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Nanotubes * MeSH
- Silver MeSH
- Titanium MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
Úvod a cíl: Lidský obličej slouží jako zdroj mnoha informací. Znalost jeho morfologie je podstatná pro řadu biomedicínských oborů. Studium obličeje však přináší velké množství obtíží. Problematická je jeho velká tvarová variabilita a také to, že jednotlivé části rostou rozdílnou rychlostí. Účelem tohoto přehledového článku je představit metody zabývající se výzkumem morfologie obličeje a popsat jejich výhody a nevýhody. Metody: Mezi tradiční metody patří antropometrie, která se zabývá měřením velikosti, hmotnosti a proporcí lidského těla. Tento způsob výzkumu je sice levný a trojdimenzionální, ale je časově velmi náročný. V praxi se pro analýzu obličejových struktur nejčastěji používají kefalometrie a klasické dvojdimenzionální fotografi e. Mezi výhody těchto dvojdimenzionálních zobrazovacích metod patří jejich rychlé zhotovení, možnost archivace získaných dat a nízká cena. V poslední době se do popředí zájmu mnoha výzkumů dostávají trojdimenzionální zobrazovací systémy. Nacházejí své uplatnění nejen v ortodoncii, ale také v maxilofaciální chirurgii. Řadíme mezi ně výpočetní tomografi i, výpočetní tomografi i kuželovým svazkem, laserové a optické skenery. První dvě zmiňované techniky nejsou kvůli expozici radiačnímu záření, vysoké ceně a slabému rozlišení obličejových obrysů pro výzkum morfologie obličeje vhodné. Laserové skenery využívají laserového paprsku (bodového nebo v podobě proužku), který přechází přes povrch obličeje pacienta a vytváří velmi přesný trojdimenzionální model. Čas na jeho zhotovení je relativně dlouhý (až 20 sekund). Optické skenery dělíme podle principu snímání na dvě skupiny: skenery využívající strukturované světlo a skenery fungující na principu stereofotogrammetrie (pasivní nebo aktivní). Získané modely detailně popisují povrchové struktury s realistickým znázorněním textury a barvy kůže. Závěr: Pro mnoho oborů (antropologie, genetika, ortodoncie, chirurgie aj.) se trojdimenzionální fotografi e stávají stále důležitějšími. Jejich přesnost a možnost využití v klinické praxi již byly ověřeny nezávislými studiemi.
Introduction and aim of study: The human face serves as a source of a great deal of information. Knowledge of its morphology is essential for many biomedical specializations. The study of the face brings many diffi culties. Problematic is the high facial shape variability as well as the fact that the individual parts grow with diff erent speed. The purpose of this review of existing literature is to present research methods of the facial morphology and describe their advantages and disadvantages. Methods: Anthropometry belongs to traditional research methods. It deals with the measuring of size, weight and proportions of the human body. Although this way of research is inexpensive and three-dimensional, it is very time-consuming. In clinical practice, cephalometry and classical two-dimensional photographs are the most common methods used for facial structures analysis. The advantages of these two-dimensional imaging methods are a quick acquisition, a possibility of the obtained data storage and low cost. Recently, there has been a growing interest of many studies in three-dimensional imaging systems. These systems have been found useful not only in orthodontics but also in maxillofacial surgery. Computed tomography, cone-beam computed tomography, laser and optical scanners belong to these. The fi rst two mentioned techniques are not suitable for research of facial morphology on account of exposure to radiation, high cost and low resolution of facial contours. Laser scanners use laser beam (point or stripe) that goes over the patient’s face and creates a very accurate three- -dimensional model. The time for its acquisition is relatively long (up to 20 seconds). Optical scanners can be divided into two groups according to the scanning principle: anascanners using structured light and scanners using stereo photogrammetry (passive or active). The obtained models describe surface structures in detail with a realistic picture of a texture and skin colour. Conclusion: Three-dimensional photographs are constantly becoming more important in many fields (anthropology, genetics, orthodontics, surgery...). Their accuracy and potential in clinical practice have already been verified in independent studies.
- Keywords
- optické skenery, laserové skenery, morfologie obličeje,
- MeSH
- Anthropometry methods MeSH
- Photogrammetry methods MeSH
- Cephalometry methods MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Face * anatomy & histology diagnostic imaging MeSH
- Cone-Beam Computed Tomography methods MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Publication type
- Review MeSH
Lanthanum-modified TiO2 photocatalysts (0.2-1.5 wt% La) were investigated in the methanol decomposition in an aqueous solution. The photocatalysts were prepared by the common sol-gel method followed by calcination. The structural (X-ray diffraction, Raman, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy), textural (N2 physisorption), and optical properties (diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, photoelectrochemical measurements) of all synthetized nanomaterials were correlated with photocatalytic activity. Both pure TiO2 and La-doped TiO2 photocatalysts proved higher yields of hydrogen in comparison to photolysis. The photocatalyst with optimal amount of lanthanum (0.2 wt% La) showed almost two times higher amount of hydrogen produced at the same time as in the presence of pure TiO2. The photocatalytic activity increased with both increasing photocurrent response and decreasing amount of lattice and surface O species. It has been shown that both direct and indirect mechanisms of methanol photocatalytic oxidation participate in the production of hydrogen. Both direct and indirect mechanisms take part in the formation of hydrogen.
