• MeSH
• audit řízení MeSH
• ekosystém MeSH
• environmentální zdraví MeSH
• katastrofy MeSH
• mezinárodní spolupráce MeSH
• rozhodování organizační MeSH
• životní prostředí MeSH

• Konspekt
• Životní prostředí a jeho ochrana
• NLK Obory
• environmentální vědy
• NLK Publikační typ
• publikace WHO

The prospective uses of tree gum polysaccharides and their nanostructures in various aspects of food, water, energy, biotechnology, environment and medicine industries, have garnered a great deal of attention recently. In addition to extensive applications of tree gums in food, there are substantial non-food applications of these commercial gums, which have gained widespread attention due to their availability, structural diversity and remarkable properties as 'green' bio-based renewable materials. Tree gums are obtainable as natural polysaccharides from various tree genera possessing exceptional properties, including their renewable, biocompatible, biodegradable, and non-toxic nature and their ability to undergo easy chemical modifications. This review focuses on non-food applications of several important commercially available gums (arabic, karaya, tragacanth, ghatti and kondagogu) for the greener synthesis and stabilization of metal/metal oxide NPs, production of electrospun fibers, environmental bioremediation, bio-catalysis, biosensors, coordination complexes of metal-hydrogels, and for antimicrobial and biomedical applications. Furthermore, polysaccharides acquired from botanical, seaweed, animal, and microbial origins are briefly compared with the characteristics of tree gum exudates.

• MeSH
• antiinfekční látky chemie   metabolismus   MeSH
• biodegradace MeSH
• biomedicínské technologie MeSH
• biosenzitivní techniky MeSH
• hydrogely metabolismus   MeSH
• nanostruktury MeSH
• nanotechnologie * MeSH
• nanovlákna chemie   MeSH
• polysacharidy metabolismus   MeSH
• prospektivní studie MeSH
• rostlinné exsudáty chemie   metabolismus   MeSH
• rostlinné gumy chemie   metabolismus   MeSH
• stromy chemie   metabolismus   MeSH
• technologie zelené chemie MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• přehledy MeSH
• Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. MeSH

Today, researchers have focused on the application of environmentally-benign and sustainable micro- and nanosystems for drug delivery and cancer therapy. Compared to conventional chemotherapeutics, advanced micro- and nanosystems designed by applying abundant, natural, and renewable feedstocks have shown biodegradability, biocompatibility, and low toxicity advantages. However, important aspects of toxicological assessments, clinical translational studies, and suitable functionalization/modification still need to be addressed. Herein, the benefits and challenges of green nanomedicine in cancer nanotherapy and targeted drug delivery are cogitated using nanomaterials designed by exploiting natural and renewable resources. The application of nanomaterials accessed from renewable natural resources, comprising metallic nanomaterials, carbon-based nanomaterials, metal-organic frameworks, natural-derived nanomaterials, etc. for targeted anticancer drug delivery and cancer nanotherapy are deliberated, with emphasis on important limitations/challenges and future perspectives.

• MeSH
• lékové transportní systémy MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nádory * farmakoterapie   MeSH
• nanomedicína MeSH
• nanostruktury * terapeutické užití   MeSH
• přírodní zdroje MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Zinc oxide/cellulose nanocrystal (ZnO/CNC) hybrids with modulated morphologies were prepared by using bamboo CNC as templates via green one-step technique. The effect of pH values on the morphology, microstructure, thermal stability, antibacterial efficiency and dye absorption kinetics of hybrids were investigated. A possible mechanism for various hybrid morphologies at different pH values was provided. All the samples exhibited high antibacterial ratios of 91.4%-99.8% against both Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. ZnO/CNC8.5 gave quick removal efficiency with high dye removal ratios in methylene blue (MB, 93.55%) and malachite green (MG, 99.02%), especially >91.47% and 97.85% within 5 min. The absorption capacity could reach up to 46.77 mg/g for MB and 49.51 mg/g for MG. Besides, absorption kinetics showed that the absorption behavior followed the pseudo-second-order kinetic model (R2 > 0.99996). Such ZnO/CNC hybrids show outstanding and low-cost adsorbent for efficient absorption of cationic dyes in wastewater treatment field.

• MeSH
• antibakteriální látky chemie   farmakologie   MeSH
• barvicí látky chemie   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• celulosa chemie   MeSH
• čištění vody MeSH
• Escherichia coli účinky léků   MeSH
• fyzikální absorpce * MeSH
• kinetika MeSH
• koncentrace vodíkových iontů MeSH
• methylenová modř chemie   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• nanočástice chemie   MeSH
• odpadní voda chemie   MeSH
• oxid zinečnatý chemie   farmakologie   MeSH
• rosanilinová barviva chemie   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• Staphylococcus aureus účinky léků   MeSH
• techniky syntetické chemie MeSH
• technologie zelené chemie MeSH
• teplota MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Nanotechnology is an emerging cutting-edge technology, which involves interdisciplinary subjects, such as physics, chemistry, biology, material science and medicine. Different methods for the synthesis of nanoparticles have been discussed here. Although physical and chemical methods have been successfully used to synthesize nanoparticles, the use of hazardous chemicals and synthesis at high temperature is a matter of concern. Hence, there is a necessity to develop eco-friendly techniques for the synthesis of nanoparticles. Biosynthesis of nanoparticles by fungi, bacteria, actinomycetes, lichen and viruses have been reported eco-friendly. Moreover, the fungal system has emerged as an efficient system for nanoparticle synthesis as fungi possess distinctive characters including high wall binding capacity, easy to culture and simpler biomass handling, etc. In this review, we have discussed fungi as an important tool for the fabrication of nanoparticles. In addition, methods and mechanism for synthesis of nanoparticles and its potential applications have also been discussed.

• MeSH
• biotechnologie metody   MeSH
• houby metabolismus   MeSH
• kovové nanočástice * MeSH
• nanotechnologie metody   MeSH
• technologie zelené chemie metody   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

In this study, selective green synthesis of gold nanoparticles (nAu) with the use of Tarragon extract (Artemisia dracunculus) was investigated. Characterization of the synthetized nAu was carried out using several techniques including: UV-Vis, SEM, zeta potential analysis, DLS, and ATR-FTIR. Based on measurements of Tarragon extract by HPLC-MS, significant chemical substances participating as reducing and stabilizing agents were identified. FTIR confirmed typical functional groups that could be found in these acids on the nAu surface, such as O-H, C=O and C-O. The effects of various parameters (concentration of Tarragon extract, Au precursor, and initial pH of the synthesis) on the shape and size of the nanoparticles have been investigated. UV-Vis and SEM confirmed the formation of nAu at various concentrations of the extract and Au precursor and showed correlation between the added extract concentration and shift in maximal absorbance towards higher frequencies, indicating the formation of smaller nanoplates. Zeta potential determined at various pH levels revealed that its value decreased with pH, but for all experiments in the pH range of 2.8 to 5.0, the value is below - 30 mV, an absolute value high enough for long-term nAu stability. In order to evaluate nAu catalytic activity, the reduction of 4-nitrophenol to 4-aminophenol by sodium borohydride was used as a model system. The reaction takes place 1.5 times faster on Au-triangles than on Au-spherical NPs.

• MeSH
• aminofenoly chemie   MeSH
• borohydridy chemie   MeSH
• katalýza MeSH
• koncentrace vodíkových iontů MeSH
• kovové nanočástice chemie   MeSH
• mikroskopie elektronová rastrovací MeSH
• nitrofenoly chemie   MeSH
• pelyněk chemie   MeSH
• rostlinné extrakty analýza   chemie   MeSH
• spektrofotometrie ultrafialová MeSH
• spektroskopie infračervená s Fourierovou transformací MeSH
• tandemová hmotnostní spektrometrie MeSH
• technologie zelené chemie metody   MeSH
• velikost částic MeSH
• vysokoúčinná kapalinová chromatografie MeSH
• zlato chemie   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Simpler and biocompatible greener approaches for the assembly of nanoparticles (NPs) have been the focus lately which have minimum environmental damage and often entails the use of natural biomolecules to synthesize NPs. Such greener synthesis of nanoparticles has capitalized on the use of microbes, fungi, and plants using biological resources. In this study, Periplaneta americana (American cockroach) wings' extract (chitin-rich) is studied as a novel biomaterial for the first time to synthesize silver NPs (less than 50 nm); chitin is the second most abundant polymer after cellulose on earth. The physicochemical properties of these NPs were analyzed using UV-visible spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The insecticidal effect of ensuing NPs was examined on the mortality of Aphis gossypii under laboratory conditions; 48 h after treatments of A. gossypii with silver NPs (100 μg/ml), the mortality rate in treated aphids was about 40% (an average), while an average percentage of losses in the control sample was about 10%. These results indicate the lethal effect of green-synthesized silver NPs on A. gossypii, in vitro. Greener synthesis of silver nanoparticles using American cockroach wings and their insecticidal activities.

• MeSH
• biokompatibilní materiály chemie   MeSH
• celulosa chemie   MeSH
• chitin chemie   MeSH
• difrakce rentgenového záření MeSH
• insekticidy farmakologie   MeSH
• kovové nanočástice chemie   MeSH
• křídla zvířecí chemie   MeSH
• Periplaneta chemie   MeSH
• polymery chemie   MeSH
• průmyslová mikrobiologie metody   MeSH
• spektrofotometrie ultrafialová MeSH
• stříbro chemie   MeSH
• technologie zelené chemie metody   MeSH
• transmisní elektronová mikroskopie MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Cíl studie: Cílem předkládané práce byla snaha o objasnění role a významu hypocholesterolemie vznikající u nemocných v klinicky závažných stavech. Jedná se o monocentrickou, prospektivní klinickou studii. Materiál a metody: Do studie byly zařazeny 2 skupiny nemocných - jednak skupina pacientů s kardiovaskulárním onemocněním, u kterých byla plánována revaskularizační operace bez použití mimotělního oběhu (n = 17), a jednak skupina nemocných, kteří utrpěli polytrauma (n = 19). Celkem bylo do studie zařazeno 36 nemocných. Mimo standardní biochemická vyšetření (celkový cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, triglyceridy, C-reaktivní protein, total protein, albumin, prealbumin) bylo provedeno stanovení sterolů (ß-sitosterol, campesterol, lathosterol, skvalen), interleukinu IL-6 a kortizolu. Dále byl proveden ACTH test a stanovena funkční zdatnost granulocytů pomocí testu oxidativního vzplanutí granulocytů. Odběry byly provedeny v den přijetí, 1., 4. a 8. den po výkonu. Výsledky: Ve sledovaných skupinách došlo k statisticky významnému poklesu celkového cholesterolu (TC) a LDL-cholesterolu s úpravou do výchozích hodnot v průběhu sledovaného období. Společně s poklesem celkového cholesterolu byl zaznamenán pokles jeho syntézy (lathosterol a poměr lathosterol/cholesterol). Byla pozorována vysoce signifikantní negativní korelace mezi IL-6 a celkovým cholesterolem. Přestože nebyla zjištěna porucha funkce nadledvin, byla nalezena signifikantně pozitivní korelace poměru lathosterol/cholesterol (jako markeru de novo syntézy) s kortizolem po ACTH stimulačním testu. V závislosti na hladině cholesterolu byla prokázána statisticky významná porucha baktericidie leukocytů pomocí stimulovaného testu oxidativního vzplanutí granulocytů. Závěr: U nemocných v akutních stavech dochází k poklesu endogenní syntézy cholesterolu. Míra syntézy cholesterolu negativně koreluje s plazmatickou hladinou IL-6. Míra endogenní syntézy cholesterolu pozitivně koreluje se syntézou kortizolu v nadledvinách a s baktericidní schopností granulocytů.

Objective: The aim of the study was to elucidate the role and importance of hypocholesterolemia in clinically serious conditions. It was a monocentric, prospective clinical study. Material and Methods: Two groups of patients were recruited to the study – one group were patients with coronary heart disease (CHD), who underwent miniinvasive cardiosurgical operation without extracorporeal circulatio ?(n = 17) and one group of patients, who sustain polytrauma (n = 19). Thirty six patients were recruited into the study. We performed the determination of sterols (total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, triacylglycerols), and their precursors (ß-sitosterol, campesterol, lathosterol, skvalen), interleukin IL-6 and cortisol in the blood serum. The short version of ACTH stimulation test was performed. The oxidative burst of granulocytes was evaluated. The blood samples were taken on the day of admission, the first, the fourth and the eighth post-operative and post-traumatic day. Results: There was a significant decline of total cholesterol (TC) and LDL-cholesterol level with full recovery during observed period. There was a decline of cholesterol synthesis (lathosterol and lathosterol/cholesterol ratio) together with a decline of total cholesterol. There was a significantly negative correlation between IL-6 level and total cholesterol. Despite no confirmation of disturbance of adrenal function, there was a significantly positive correlation between lathosterol/cholesterol ratio ?(a de novo cholesterol synthesis marker) and cortisol level after the ACTH stimulation test. There was a significant breakdown of bactericidal function of granulocytes along with a decline of cholesterol level. Conclusion: There was decline of endogenous cholesterol synthesis in clinically serious conditions. The cholesterol synthesis rate is negatively influenced by IL-6 level. The rate of endogenous cholesterol synthesis positively correlated with cortisol production by the adrenals and with bactericidal function of granulocytes.

• Klíčová slova
• hypocholesterolemie, SIRS, revaskularizace,
• MeSH
• cholesterol biosyntéza   krev   MeSH
• cytokiny MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• fyziologický stres MeSH
• hydrokortison metabolismus   MeSH
• hypolipoproteinemie MeSH
• interleukin-6 krev   MeSH
• koronární nemoc chirurgie   metabolismus   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• polytrauma metabolismus   MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH

The synthesis of renewable bioproducts using photosynthetic microorganisms holds great promise. Sustainable industrial applications, however, are still scarce and the true limits of phototrophic production remain unknown. One of the limitations of further progress is our insufficient understanding of the quantitative changes in photoautotrophic metabolism that occur during growth in dynamic environments. We argue that a proper evaluation of the intra- and extracellular factors that limit phototrophic production requires the use of highly-controlled cultivation in photobioreactors, coupled to real-time analysis of production parameters and their evaluation by predictive computational models. In this addendum, we discuss the importance and challenges of systems biology approaches for the optimization of renewable biofuels production. As a case study, we present the utilization of a state-of-the-art experimental setup together with a stoichiometric computational model of cyanobacterial metabolism for quantitative evaluation of ethylene production by a recombinant cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803.

• MeSH
• biopaliva MeSH
• ethyleny biosyntéza   MeSH
• fotosyntéza MeSH
• metabolické inženýrství metody   MeSH
• počítačová simulace MeSH
• Synechocystis metabolismus   MeSH
• systémová biologie MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

In this study, a simple and green strategy was reported to prepare bimetallic nanoparticles (NPs) by the combination of zinc oxide (ZnO) and copper oxide (CuO) using Sambucus nigra L. extract. The physicochemical properties of these NPs such as crystal structure, size, and morphology were studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission gun scanning electron microscopy (FEG-SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results suggested that these NPs contained polygonal ZnO NPs with hexagonal phase and spherical CuO NPs with monoclinic phase. The anticancer activity of the prepared bimetallic NPs was evaluated against lung and human melanoma cell lines based on MTT assay. As a result, the bimetallic ZnO/CuO NPs exhibited high toxicity on melanoma cancer cells while their toxicity on lung cancer cells was low.

• MeSH
• antibakteriální látky chemie   farmakologie   MeSH
• bez černý chemie   MeSH
• buňky A549 MeSH
• cytotoxiny chemie   farmakologie   MeSH
• difrakce rentgenového záření metody   MeSH
• kovové nanočástice chemie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• listy rostlin chemie   MeSH
• měď chemie   farmakologie   MeSH
• mikrobiální testy citlivosti metody   MeSH
• nádorové buněčné linie MeSH
• oxid zinečnatý chemie   farmakologie   MeSH
• rostlinné extrakty chemie   farmakologie   MeSH
• spektroskopie infračervená s Fourierovou transformací metody   MeSH
• technologie zelené chemie metody   MeSH
• transmisní elektronová mikroskopie metody   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH