AIMS: Accelerometers are becoming increasingly commonplace for assessing physical activity; however, their use in patients with cardiovascular diseases is relatively substandard. We aimed to systematically review the methods used for collecting and processing accelerometer data in cardiology, using the example of heart failure, and to provide practical recommendations on how to improve objective physical activity assessment in patients with cardiovascular diseases by using accelerometers. METHODS AND RESULTS: Four electronic databases were searched up to September 2019 for observational, interventional, and validation studies using accelerometers to assess physical activity in patients with heart failure. Study and population characteristics, details of accelerometry data collection and processing, and description of physical activity metrics were extracted from the eligible studies and synthesized. To assess the quality and completeness of accelerometer reporting, the studies were scored using 12 items on data collection and processing, such as the placement of accelerometer, days of data collected, and criteria for non-wear of the accelerometer. In 60 eligible studies with 3500 patients (of those, 536 were heart failure with preserved ejection fraction patients), a wide variety of accelerometer brands (n = 27) and models (n = 46) were used, with Actigraph being the most frequent (n = 12), followed by Fitbit (n = 5). The accelerometer was usually worn on the hip (n = 32), and the most prevalent wear period was 7 days (n = 22). The median wear time required for a valid day was 600 min, and between two and five valid days was required for a patient to be included in the analysis. The most common measures of physical activity were steps (n = 20), activity counts (n = 15), and time spent in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (n = 14). Only three studies validated accelerometers in a heart failure population, showing that their accuracy deteriorates at slower speeds. Studies failed to report between one and six (median 4) of the 12 scored items, with non-wear time criteria and valid day definition being the most underreported items. CONCLUSIONS: The use of accelerometers in cardiology lacks consistency and reporting on data collection, and processing methods need to be improved. Furthermore, calculating metrics based on raw acceleration and machine learning techniques is lacking, opening the opportunity for future exploration. Therefore, we encourage researchers and clinicians to improve the quality and transparency of data collection and processing by following our proposed practical recommendations for using accelerometers in patients with cardiovascular diseases, which are outlined in the article.

• MeSH
• akcelerometrie MeSH
• cvičení MeSH
• kardiovaskulární nemoci * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• srdeční selhání * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• přehledy MeSH
• systematický přehled MeSH

Cíl studie: Srovnání presnosti dvou prístroju pro merení nervosvalového prenosu s elektromyografickým a akcelerometrickým vyhodnocením svalové odpovedi v prubehu svalové relaxace cisatrakuriem a rokuroniem . Stanovení efektivity akcelerometrie pri detekci reziduálního bloku. Typ studie: klinická, prospektivní, randomizovaná, kontrolovaná. Název a sídlo pracovište: Klinika anesteziologie a resuscitace univerzitní nemocnice. Materiál a metoda: Po získání souhlasu etické komise a informovaného souhlasu jsme vyšetrovali 47 nemocných podstupujících plánovaný operacní výkon v celkové anestezii se svalovou relaxací a tracheální intubací. U každého nemocného jsme TOF-ratio merili soucasne akcelerometricky (TOF-Watch® SX, Organon) a elektromyograficky (Datex-Ohmeda). Srovnali jsme párová merení TOF-ratio a stanovili hodnoty bias, limity shody, senzitivity, specificity a validity akcelerometrie pri detekci reziduální blokády. Výsledky: Získali jsme 1505 párových merení (TOFEMG a TOFACC). Prumerný rozdíl v TOF-ratio (bias) byl -1,4 % (SD 10,9). Meze shody (rozmezí, v nemž leží 95 % rozdílu mezi mereními) byly -23,3 až +20,5 %. Senzitivita, specificita a validita akcelerometrie pri detekci reziduální blokády (TOFEMG ³ 90 %) byla 47, 97 a 92 procent. Obe metody poskytovaly spolehlivou informaci o hloubce relaxace, akcelerometrie byla schopna s prijatelnou presností detekovat reziduální blok. Záver: Akcelerometrie (TOF-Watch® SX) predstavuje spolehlivý klinický nástroj pro detekci reziduální blokády. Její výsledky však nejsou zamenitelné s údaji získanými elektromyograficky (Datex-Ohmeda).

Objective: To compare the TOF-ratio measured with acceleromyography (ACC) and electromyography (EMG) during cis-atracurium or rocuronium-induced neuromuscular blockade. To determine the effectiveness of accelerometry for detection of a residual block. Design: Clinical, prospective, comparative, controlled study. Setting: Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, University Hospital. Materials and Methods: Following local ethics committee approval and obtaining informed consent, 47 patients scheduled for elective surgery under total intravenous anaesthesia with tracheal intubation and muscle relaxation were studied. In each consecutive patient, accelerometry (TOF-Watch® SX, Organon) and electromyography (Datex-Ohmeda) were used simultaneously to determine theTOF-ratio. Paired TOF-ratios were compared and bias, limits of agreement, sensitivity, specificity and validity for the accelerometric detection of the residual block were calculated. Results: 1,505 paired measurements of TOF were obtained (TOFEMG and TOFACC). The average difference in the TOF-ratios showed a bias of –1.4% (SD 10.9). The limits of agreement (range in which 95% of the differences between paired measurements are expected to lie) were -23.3 to +20.5%. The sensitivity, specificity and validity of accelerometry to detect recovery from the neuromuscular block (TOFEMG ³ 90%) were 47, 97 and 92% respectively. Both measurement techniques provided reliable information about the degree of neuromuscular block. Under the described study conditions accelerometry was able to detect residual neuromuscular blockade with acceptable precision. Conclusion: Accelerometry (TOF-Watch® SX) is a reliable clinical tool for the detection of a residual block but its results cannot be used interchangeably with electromyography (Datex-Ohmeda).

• MeSH
• elektromyografie přístrojové vybavení   účinky léků   využití   MeSH
• finanční podpora výzkumu jako téma MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nedepolarizující myorelaxancia farmakologie   klasifikace   MeSH
• nervosvalová blokáda přístrojové vybavení   MeSH
• prospektivní studie MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH

PURPOSE: Understanding factors that influence accurate assessment of physical activity (PA) and sedentary behavior (SB) is important to measurement development, epidemiologic studies, and interventions. This study examined agreement between self-reported (International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Long Form [IPAQ-LF]) and accelerometry-based estimates of PA and SB across six countries and identified correlates of between-method agreement. METHODS: Self-report and objective (accelerometry-based) PA and SB data were collected in 2002-2011 from 3865 adult participants in eight cities from six countries (Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Spain, United Kingdom, and United States). Between-method relative agreement (correlation) and absolute disagreement (mean difference between conceptually and intensity-matched IPAQ-LF and accelerometry-based PA and SB variables) were estimated. Also, sociodemographic characteristics and PA patterns were examined as correlates of between-method agreement. RESULTS: Observed relative agreement (relationships of IPAQ-LF with accelerometry-based PA and SB variables) was small to moderate (r = 0.05-0.37) and was moderated by sociodemographic (age, sex, weight status, and education) and behavioral (PA-type) factors. The absolute disagreement was large, with participants self-reporting higher PA intensity and total time in moderate-to-vigorous-intensity PA than accelerometry. Also, self-reported sitting time was lower than accelerometry-based sedentary behavior. After adjusting for sociodemographic and behavioral factors, the absolute disagreement between pairs of IPAQ-LF and accelerometry-based PA variables remained significantly different across cities/countries. CONCLUSIONS: Present findings suggest systematic cultural and/or linguistic and sociodemographic differences in absolute agreement between the IPAQ-LF and the accelerometry-based PA and SB variables. These results have implications for the interpretation of international PA and SB data and correlate/determinant studies. They call for further efforts to improve such measures.

• MeSH
• akcelerometrie * MeSH
• cvičení * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• sedavý životní styl MeSH
• sexuální faktory MeSH
• stupeň vzdělání MeSH
• tělesná hmotnost MeSH
• věkové faktory MeSH
• volnočasové aktivity MeSH
• zpráva o sobě * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Adult survivors of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ASALL) compose a specific group that faces an increased risk of experiencing late effects of their earlier treatment. Physical activity (PA) may be one of the appropriate means for preventing or minimizing the late effects of treatment. The main purpose of this study is to characterize device-measured PA and sedentary behavior (SB) among ASALL. The specific objective was to compare the movement behavior with a group recruited from the healthy population and to determine the degree of compliance with health recommendations for PA in the adult population. Twenty ASALL and 21 healthy control group (CG) members participated in the study. Participants were between 18 and 30 years old. Movement behavior was assessed for seven days using an Axivity AX3 accelerometer and a 24-h wearing protocol. Movement behavior was characterized by the amount of time spent in SB, light PA (LPA), moderate PA (MPA), and vigorous PA (VPA). There were no significant differences in movement behavior or compliance with PA recommendations between the ASALL and CG. During the week, the ASALL accumulated 711 min per day of SB vs. 636 min per day in the CG (p = 0.26); the ASALL had 186 min per day of LPA vs. 201 min per day in the CG (p = 0.47); the ASALL had 132 min per day of MPA vs. 147 min per day in the CG (p = 0.25); and the ASALL had 5 min per day of VPA vs. 4 min per day in the CG (p = 0.48). All research participants (ASALL and CG) met the PA recommendations of > 150 min per week for moderate PA. The results of our study suggest that ASALL, even after suffering from that disease in childhood, display comparable levels of PA and SB to their healthy peers. Both groups met the health recommendations for PA. The device-based monitoring of PA and SB should be an integral part of monitoring the late effects of treatment.

• MeSH
• akcelerometrie MeSH
• akutní lymfatická leukemie * terapie   MeSH
• cvičení MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• sedavý životní styl * MeSH
• zdravotní stav MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

BACKGROUND: An evolving pathophysiological concept of essential tremor (ET) points to diffuse brain network involvement, which emphasizes the need to investigate white matter (WM) changes associated with motor symptoms of ET. OBJECTIVES: To investigate ET-related WM changes and WM correlates of tremor severity using tremor clinical rating scales and accelerometry. METHODS: Tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS) approach was utilized to compare 3 Tesla diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) data from 12 ET patients and 10 age- and gender-matched healthy individuals. Clinical scales, tremor frequency and amplitude as measured by accelerometry were correlated with DTI data. RESULTS: ET patients demonstrated mean (MD) and radial diffusivity (RD) abnormalities in tracts involved in primary and associative motor functions such as bilateral corticospinal tracts, the superior longitudinal fascicles, and the corpus callosum but also in nonmotor regions including the inferior fronto-occipital and longitudinal fascicles, cingulum bundles, anterior thalamic radiations, and uncinate fascicles. A combined tremor frequency and amplitude score correlated with RD and MD in extensive WM areas, which partially overlapped the regions that were associated with tremor frequency. No significant relationship was found between DTI measures and clinical rating scales scores. CONCLUSIONS: The results show that ET-related diffusion WM changes and their correlates with tremor severity are preferentially located in the primary and associative motor areas. In contrast, a relationship between WM was not detected with clinical rating scales. Accelerometry parameters may, therefore, serve as a potentially useful clinical measures that relate to WM deficits in ET.

• MeSH
• akcelerometrie MeSH
• bílá hmota diagnostické zobrazování   fyziologie   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• esenciální tremor diagnostické zobrazování   patofyziologie   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mapování mozku metody   MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• pilotní projekty MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• stupeň závažnosti nemoci MeSH
• zobrazování difuzních tenzorů metody   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural MeSH
• Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. MeSH

AIMS: Physical activity (PA) is an important target for improving clinical outcomes in heart failure (HF) patients. Nonetheless, assessing the daily PA profile in this population is a challenging task, traditionally performed using self-report questionnaires such as the International PA Questionnaire Short Form (IPAQ-SF). This study aimed to evaluate the concurrent validity of the IPAQ-SF and accelerometer-assessed PA using six published cut-points in patients with HF and reduced or mildly reduced ejection fraction. METHODS AND RESULTS: The concordance between the IPAQ-SF and a hip-worn accelerometer regarding daily time spent performing moderate to vigorous PA in bouts of at least 10 min was assessed in 53 participants for seven consecutive days using six different cut-points (Barnett, Dibben, Mark, Sanders, Troiano, and Vaha-Ypya). Spearman's correlation and Bland-Altman plots were used to evaluate concurrent validity between methods. Regressions were used to study the association between patient variables, wear protocol (waking hour or 24 h), and absolute bias. The kappa index was used to evaluate the concordance between IPAQ-SF and accelerometry for classifying patients as active or non-active. All analyses were re-run using non-bouted metrics to investigate the effect of bouted versus non-bouted analysis. The IPAQ-SF and accelerometry showed low to negligible correlation (ρ = 0.12 to 0.37), depending on the cut-point used. The regression analysis showed that the absolute bias was higher in participants following the waking-hour protocol at all cut-points except Dibben's (P ≤ 0.007). The concordance between the two methods to classify patients as active and non-active was low when using Mark (κ = 0.23) and Barnett (κ = 0.34) cut-points and poor for the remaining cut-points (κ = 0.03 to 0.18). The results of the sensitivity analysis showed negligible to low correlation using non-bouted metrics (ρ = 0.27 to 0.33). CONCLUSIONS: Moderate to vigorous PA measures using IPAQ-SF and accelerometers are not equivalent, and we do not encourage researchers to use IPAQ-SF alone when assessing PA in HF patients. Moreover, applying personalized collection and processing criteria is important when assessing PA in HF patients. We recommend following the 24 h protocol and selecting cut-points calibrated in patients with cardiovascular diseases. Finally, it is necessary to develop a new tailored questionnaire that considers walking intensity and is adjusted to the current World Health Organisation recommendations, which use non-bouted metrics.

• MeSH
• akcelerometrie MeSH
• cvičení * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
• srdeční selhání * diagnóza   MeSH
• zpráva o sobě MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

BACKGROUND: Although performance rating scales, spiral drawing, water pouring, and accelerometry are commonly used to assess tremor severity, the extent to which their results correlate with impairment in activities of daily living (ADL) remains unclear. OBJECTIVE: The aim was to identify the most effective predictors of ADL in essential tremor (ET). METHODS: Forty ET patients were examined using The Essential Tremor Rating Assessment Scale (TETRAS), spiral drawing, volume of water spilled, and accelerometric tremor power. Root-mean-square error, R2, and F-test were calculated for models predicting TETRAS ADL subscore. RESULTS: TETRAS Performance Subscale explained the variability in TETRAS ADL with an R2 value of 0.686. Models incorporating spiral rating and accelerometric tremor power (R2 = 0.731) and water spillage volume (R2 = 0.756) were not statistically superior. CONCLUSIONS: TETRAS performance subscore predicted nearly 70% ADL impairment in ET patients. Incorporating the spiral rating, accelerometric tremor power, and water pouring test did not enhance ADL estimation.

• MeSH
• akcelerometrie * metody   MeSH
• činnosti denního života * MeSH
• esenciální tremor * patofyziologie   diagnóza   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• posuzování pracovní neschopnosti MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• stupeň závažnosti nemoci MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• srovnávací studie MeSH

Východiska: Předchozí zahraniční výzkumy potvrdily validitu a schopnost dotazníku Youth Activity Profile (YAP) poskytnout přesný odhad pohybové aktivity (PA) a sedavého chování (SCH) na skupinové bázi. Cíle: Zjistit validitu mezi nově aktualizovaným algoritmem používaným ve Spojených státech amerických pro vyhodnocení dotazníku YAP a hodnotami naměřenými akcelerometrem na vzorku českých dětí a mládeže. Metodika: Výzkumný soubor zahrnoval 558 participantů ze sedmi škol situovaných ve středně velkých městech, z nichž bylo 254 chlapců (13,94 ± 2,84 let) a 313 dívek (14,06 ± 2,91 let). Participanti nosili akcelerometr ActiGraph na zápěstí nedominantní paže po dobu jednoho týdne. Poté ve škole vyplnili českou verzi dotazníku YAP za účelem zjištění úrovně PA ve škole, po škole a SCH. Údaje z dotazníku byly pomocí predikčního algoritmu převedeny na odhad minut strávených PA a SCH. Hrubá data z akcelerometru byla zpracována v programu R pomocí metody GGIR. Z obou nástrojů byly získány souhrnné hodnoty za pracovní a víkendové dny. Pro vyhodnocení míry shody mezi nástroji byl jak na celkové úrovni, tak i v rámci pohlaví a stupňů školního vzdělávání vypočítán Spearmanův korelační koeficient a mediánová absolutní procentuální chyba (MdAPE) a proveden test ekvivalence. Výsledky: Korelace mezi nástroji se pohybovala v rozmezí 0,23-0,50 v pracovních a 0,23-0,58 ve víkendových dnech. Hodnoty MdAPE dosahovaly rozmezí 0,9 % až 37,9 % v pracovních a 7,7 až 59,0 % ve víkendových dnech. Míra shody ve víkendových dnech měla tendenci se postupně s věkem snižovat. Rozdíly mezi oběma nástroji byly u obou proměnných menší u dívek než u chlapců. Test ekvivalence zjistil, že 10% shoda mezi oběma nástroji byla častější v pracovních než ve víkendových dnech. Závěry: Výsledky poskytují předběžné důkazy o validitě algoritmu pro odhad PA a SCH z dotazníku YAP, a to napříč kulturním prostředím. Kalibrace algoritmu se zaměřením na české prostředí je však nezbytná.

Background: Previous research has supported the validity and utility of the Youth Activity Profile (YAP) for providing accurate group-level estimates of physical activity (PA) and sedentary behavior (SB) in youth. Objective: The present study evaluated the cross-cultural validity between the newly refined algorithms from the U.S. and accelerometry data in a sample of youth from the Czech Republic. Methods: Data sample consist of 558 youth from 7 schools in a mid-sized metropolitan area. The sample included 254 males (13.94 ± 2.84 years) and 313 females (14.06 ± 2.91 years). Participants wore an ActiGraph accelerometer on non-dominant wrist for a full week and then completed a Czech version of the YAP at school to report PA levels in school, outside of school and SB. The raw YAP data were converted into estimates of PA and SB using the prediction algorithms. Raw accelerometer data were processed using the R-based GGIR package. Estimates of MVPA minutes per day and averages were computed for weekdays and weekends from both tools. Agreement was examined separately for males and females and for distinct age groups using Spearman's correlations, Median Absolute Percent Error (MdAPE) and equivalence testing. Results: Correlations between the YAP and the accelerometer ranged from 0.23 to 0.50 for weekday and from 0.23 to 0.58 for weekend estimates. The MdAPE values ranged from 0.9 % to 37.9 % for weekday and from 7.7 % to 59.0 % for weekend estimates. Error rates tended to be higher for the younger group than the older group on weekend estimates. Girls' estimates show less error rates than boys' in both variables. Equivalence testing results revealed that estimates of PA were in the 10% equivalence zone more for weekdays than for weekends. Conclusions: Results provide preliminary evidence to support the cross-cultural validity of the YAP for estimating PA and SB in youth. Improvements in accuracy with country-specific calibration approaches is needed.

• MeSH
• akcelerometrie statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• pohybová aktivita * MeSH
• průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
• sedavý životní styl * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• validační studie MeSH

Hipoterapie je fyzioterapeutickou metodou využívající k navození terapeutického efektu pohybu hřbetu koně pohybujícího se v kroku. Dětští klienti s diagnózou dětské mozkové obrny (DMO) či poruchami na genetické úrovni tvoří nejpočetnější část klientely hipoterapie. Děti se spastickou formou DMO mají často problémy s posturální stabilitou hlavy, trupu a pánve, s rovnováhou a koordinací, dále bývají také přítomny obtíže spojené s chůzí. Tyto symptomy lze podle studií různých autorů ovlivnit pomocí hipoterapie. I přesto, že efekt hipoterapie je nesporný, je stále založen především na empirických zkušenostech terapeutů. Existuje jen málo vědeckých prací dokládajících efekt hipoterapie, které by byly založeny na využití sofistikovaných systémů. Studie seznamuje s možností využití akcelerometrie, jako jedné z metod terénního výzkumu, která se jeví jako vhodná pro posouzení vlivu hipoterapie na pohybový systém člověka. Její výhodou je zejména jednoduchá, minimálně zatěžující aplikace na tělo koně i klienta a možnost rychlého zpracování signálu pro získání základních kinematických parametrů pro analýzu pohybu.

Hippotherapy is a form of physical therapy which uses motion of the horse's back to achieve therapeutic effects. Most clients of hippotherapy are children with cerebral palsy (CP) or genetic disorders. Children with spastic CP often have affected postural stability of head, trunk and pelvis, balance and coordination, and abnormal gait. According to research studies by different authors, these symptoms can be lessened by hippotherapy. Although positive effects of hippotherapy are undeniable, most evidence on benefits of hippotherapy is still empirical, based on personal experiences of physical therapists. It appears there is a scarcity of scientific studies which can provide conclusive evidence for effectiveness of hippotherapy and use sophisticated systems for movement analysis. Our paper presents the use of accelerometry as a method of movement analysis suitable for field tests of effects of hippotherapy on the human body. The major advantages of this method are its simple application with little demands on the horse and client and the ease and speed of obtaining basic kinematic parameters needed for further movement analysis.

• Klíčová slova
• analýza pohybu,
• MeSH
• akcelerometrie * přístrojové vybavení   využití   MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mozková obrna * rehabilitace   MeSH
• pilotní projekty MeSH
• pohyb fyziologie   MeSH
• terapie využívající koní * metody   přístrojové vybavení   MeSH
• výzkum MeSH
• zobrazování trojrozměrné MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

Techniques to quantify postural stability usually rely on the evaluation of only two variables, that is, two coordinates of COP. However, by using three variables, that is, three components of acceleration vector, it is possible to describe human movement more precisely. For this purpose, a single three-axis accelerometer was used, making it possible to evaluate 3D movement by use of a novel method, convex polyhedron (CP), together with a traditional method, based on area of the confidence ellipse (ACE). Ten patients (Pts) with cerebellar ataxia and eleven healthy individuals of control group (CG) participated in the study. The results show a significant increase of volume of the CP (CPV) in Pts or CG standing on foam surface with eyes open (EO) and eyes closed (EC) after the EC phase. Significant difference between Pts and CG was found in all cases as well. Correlation coefficient indicates strong correlation between the CPV and ACE in most cases of patient examinations, thus confirming the possibility of quantification of postural instability by the introduced method of CPV.

• MeSH
• akcelerometrie metody   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• postura těla fyziologie   MeSH
• posturální rovnováha fyziologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH