INTRODUCTION: Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) poses a substantial global health challenge, especially impacting resource-limited nations, with over 40.5 million cases reported in 2019. The crucial role of Benzathine penicillin G in both primary and secondary prevention, particularly the latter, emphasizes its significance. METHOD: Following PRISMA guidelines, our systematic review explored Medline, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Embase databases from 1990 to 2022. Registered with PROSPERO ), the review utilized quality appraisal tools, including the PRISMA checklist, Cochrane bias tool and Newcastle-Ottawa scale. The objective was to identify and stratify the impact of socio-economic factors on adherence to secondary prophylaxis in RHD. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: The impact of education on adherence has been found to be significant. Socially disadvantaged environments significantly influenced adherence, shaped by education, socio-economic status, and geographical location and access to healthcare. Surprisingly, lower education levels were associated with better adherence in certain cases. Factors contributing to decreased adherence included forgetfulness, injection-related fears, and healthcare provider-related issues. Conversely, higher adherence correlated with younger age, latent disease onset, increased healthcare resources, and easy access. CONCLUSION: Patient education and awareness were crucial for improving adherence. Structured frameworks, community initiatives, and outreach healthcare programs were identified as essential in overcoming barriers to secondary prophylaxis. Taking active steps to address obstacles like long-distance commute, waiting time, injection fears, and financial issues has the potential to greatly improve adherence. This, in turn, can lead to a more effective prevention of complications associated with RHD.

• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

To understand the environmental determinants of physical activity (PA), precise spatial localization is crucial. This cross-sectional study focuses on the spatiotemporal distribution of PA among Czech adolescents (n = 171) using Global Positioning System loggers and accelerometers. The results showed that adolescents spent most of their time in sedentary behavior, with 57.2% and 58.5% of monitored time at home and school, respectively. The park and playground had the lowest proportion of sedentary behavior but also the lowest amount of moderate to vigorous PA (MVPA). However, when considering the time spent in each domain, the highest proportion of MVPA was seen in publicly accessible playgrounds (13.3% of the time). Chi-square analysis showed that the relative distribution of different PA intensities did not differ across spatial domains. Based on these results, the authors propose 2 key strategies for increasing MVPA in adolescents: Increase the time spent in activity-supportive environments, such as parks and playgrounds, and design techniques to increase MVPA at home and school settings.

• MeSH
• akcelerometrie * MeSH
• charakteristiky bydlení MeSH
• chování mladistvých psychologie   MeSH
• cvičení * MeSH
• doprava metody   MeSH
• geografické informační systémy * MeSH
• hra a hračky MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• průřezové studie MeSH
• sedavý životní styl * MeSH
• školy MeSH
• veřejné parky MeSH
• životní prostředí - projekt MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH

Introduction: Objective of this study is to describe impact of gender, age, social status, and geographic location on mobility changes during the COVID-19 pandemic within the Czechia, Hradec Kralove region, and Ostrava region.Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out in two regions in the Czechia: the Hradec Kralove region and the Ostrava region.Results: The age group of seniors 85 and older was more vulnerable to these alterations than other age groups. Age had a statistically significant impact on both the frequency of trips and the mode of transportation used. Seniors' shifts in mobility were more frequently impacted by urbanization, whereas the region's impact was seen in as many as five components. Transport, Route, and Time all showed the impact of urbanization. However, the region had the largest impact.Conclusion: There has been little evidence of the influence of age, gender, or social class on perceptions of changes during COVID-19. Research found conflicting evidence about older adults' physical activity throughout the epidemic.

• MeSH
• COVID-19 * MeSH
• doprava MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• omezení pohyblivosti MeSH
• průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• sociální izolace * MeSH
• socioekonomické faktory MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH

BACKGROUND: Exposure to pathogens in public transport systems is a common means of spreading infection, mainly by inhaling aerosol or droplets from infected individuals. Such particles also contaminate surfaces, creating a potential surface-transmission pathway. METHODS: A fast acoustic biosensor with an antifouling nano-coating was introduced to detect severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) on exposed surfaces in the Prague Public Transport System. Samples were measured directly without pre-treatment. Results with the sensor gave excellent agreement with parallel quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) measurements on 482 surface samples taken from actively used trams, buses, metro trains and platforms between 7 and 9 April 2021, in the middle of the lineage Alpha SARS-CoV-2 epidemic wave when 1 in 240 people were COVID-19 positive in Prague. RESULTS: Only ten of the 482 surface swabs produced positive results and none of them contained virus particles capable of replication, indicating that positive samples contained inactive virus particles and/or fragments. Measurements of the rate of decay of SARS-CoV-2 on frequently touched surface materials showed that the virus did not remain viable longer than 1-4 h. The rate of inactivation was the fastest on rubber handrails in metro escalators and the slowest on hard-plastic seats, window glasses and stainless-steel grab rails. As a result of this study, Prague Public Transport Systems revised their cleaning protocols and the lengths of parking times during the pandemic. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that surface transmission played no or negligible role in spreading SARS-CoV-2 in Prague. The results also demonstrate the potential of the new biosensor to serve as a complementary screening tool in epidemic monitoring and prognosis.

• MeSH
• COVID-19 * MeSH
• doprava MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• pandemie prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• respirační aerosoly a kapénky MeSH
• SARS-CoV-2 * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

At the beginning of 2020 there was a spinning point in the travel behavior of people around the world because of the pandemic and its consequences. This paper analyzes the specific behavior of travelers commuting to work or school during the COVID-19 pandemic based on a sample of 2000 respondents from two countries. We obtained data from an online survey, applying multinomial regression analysis. The results demonstrate the multinomial model with an accuracy of almost 70% that estimates the most used modes of transport (walking, public transport, car) based on independent variables. The respondents preferred the car as the most frequently used means of transport. However, commuters without car prefer public transport to walking. This prediction model could be a tool for planning and creating transport policy, especially in exceptional cases such as the limitation of public transport activities. Therefore, predicting travel behavior is essential for policymaking based on people's travel needs.

• MeSH
• COVID-19 * MeSH
• cyklistika MeSH
• doprava MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• logistické modely MeSH
• pandemie * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

Life satisfaction, an important precursor of adolescents' well-being, is linked to daily activities. Substantial changes have been noted in adolescents' daily activities over the years, raising the question of possible consequences for life satisfaction. This study aimed to explore changes in adolescents' life satisfaction and their time spent on daily activities (sleeping, engaging in sports, online gaming, school commuting, time spent at school) and further investigate the associations between adolescents' life satisfaction and these daily activities. The sample comprised 2715 adolescents from birth cohorts surveyed at four time points between 1992 and 2019. Participants were administered the Daily Activities Inventory and the Berne Questionnaire on Adolescents' Well-Being. Robust ANOVA with post hoc tests and spline regression were employed. We found cohort differences in sleep duration (8.6 h a day on average in 1992 and 7.5 in 2019). Sleep duration of 8 h and 1 h of sports activities had a beneficial effect on life satisfaction, while more than 1 h of online gaming had a negative impact. Neither school attendance nor commuting to school was associated with adolescents' life satisfaction. The results of this study can inform public-health policies to promote sleeping and sports habits in adolescence.

• MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• osobní uspokojení * MeSH
• průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
• školy MeSH
• spánek * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH

An essential characteristic of a healthy and sustainable city is a physically active population. Effective policies for healthy and sustainable cities require evidence-informed quantitative targets. We aimed to identify the minimum thresholds for urban design and transport features associated with two physical activity criteria: at least 80% probability of engaging in any walking for transport and WHO's target of at least 15% relative reduction in insufficient physical activity through walking. The International Physical Activity and the Environment Network Adult (known as IPEN) study (N=11 615; 14 cities across ten countries) provided data on local urban design and transport features linked to walking. Associations of these features with the probability of engaging in any walking for transport and sufficient physical activity (≥150 min/week) by walking were estimated, and thresholds associated with the physical activity criteria were determined. Curvilinear associations of population, street intersection, and public transport densities with walking were found. Neighbourhoods exceeding around 5700 people per km2, 100 intersections per km2, and 25 public transport stops per km2 were associated with meeting one or both physical activity criteria. Shorter distances to the nearest park were associated with more physical activity. We use the results to suggest specific target values for each feature as benchmarks for progression towards creating healthy and sustainable cities.

• MeSH
• charakteristiky bydlení MeSH
• chůze * MeSH
• doprava metody   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• velkoměsta MeSH
• zdravotní stav MeSH
• životní prostředí - projekt * MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• přehledy MeSH
• Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural MeSH
• Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• velkoměsta MeSH

Background: Lockdowns amid the COVID-19 pandemic drastically reduced the possibility of undertaking physical activity (PA) in gyms, swimming pools, or work-related PA, e.g., active commuting. However, the stay-at-home order could have reduced PA the most, i.e., the ban of unnecessary outdoor activities. It affected free walking, running, skiing, active tourism, etc. It is, therefore, crucial to estimate how the stay-at-home order affected PA. We estimated how the stay-at-home order affected perceived PA and sedentary behavior compared to the pre-pandemic time in Poland. Methods: We used a self-reported International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Long Form (IPAQ-LF) to estimate the time (minutes per day) of vigorous and moderate PA and walking and sitting time. Results: We gathered data from 320 Polish participants. Bayesian approaches, including t-test and Bayesian correlations, were used to find differences and correlations between PA before and during the stay-at-home lockdown. Our data supported the hypotheses that vigorous PA, as well as walking, declined during the lockdown. Surprisingly, our data did not support the hypothesis that moderate physical activity was reduced. We found that moderate PA during lockdown increased compared to the pre-lockdown PA. As hypothesized, our data strongly evinced that sitting time inclined during the lockdown. PA decline was not correlated with the available living space. People who had access to gardens did not demonstrate a higher PA level than those without. Discussion: Walking and sitting time have drastically changed during the stay-at-home lockdown, decreasing and increasing, respectively. Given results from studies focusing on lockdowns without the stay-at-home restriction, it may be assumed that letting people go outside is crucial in keeping them more active and less sedentary. Authorities should take into account the effect the stay-at-home order may have on PA and sedentary behavior and as a result, on health. Stay-at-home orders should be the last considered restriction, given its detrimental consequences.

• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Cíl studie: Popsat případ naměření extrémních hodnot draselného kationtu ve vzorcích plazmy u pacienta s leukocytózou, způsobených použitím potrubní pošty, a navrhnout možná řešení postanalytické fáze, která by pomohla pseudohyperkalémii včas odhalit. Typ studie: Kazuistika Název a sídlo pracoviště: Oddělení klinické biochemie Nemocnice Znojmo, p. o., MUDr. Jana Janského 11, 669 02 Znojmo Materiál a metody: Odběrový systém Vacuette® (Greiner) pro vzorky séra a plasmy, odběrový systém Monovette® (Sarstedt) pro vzorky plné krve, biochemický analyzátor UniCel DxC 880i (Beckman Coulter), analyzátor krevního obrazu DxH 900 (Beckman Coulter), acidobazický analyzátor ABL 835 (Radiometer), middleware Remisol Advance (Beckman Coulter). Výsledky: Pseudohyperkalémie u leukemického pacienta byla způsobena lýzou lymfocytů během preanalytické fáze. Kromě transportu potrubní poštou mohl mít vliv i vakuový odběr. Extrémní pseudohyperkalémie byla zjištěna i v kapilárním odběru na ABR, jejíž příčinou bylo pravděpodobně míchání vzorku. Závěr: Tato kazuistika potvrzuje nutnost zvláštních pravidel pro odběr vzorků krve a pro hodnocení výsledků intracelulárních parametrů u pacientů s leukocytózou (zejména s leukemií typu AML a CLL). Důležitá je i aktivní mezioborová komunikace. Autoři navrhují postup preanalytické fáze u těchto vzorků a možné algoritmy k včasnému odhalení pseudohyperkalémie.

Objective: To describe the case of extreme potassium levels in plasma samples in a patient with leukocytosis after transportation by pneumatic tube system. To suggest possible solutions of the postanalytical phase, which would help to detect pseudohyperkalemia in time. Design: Case report Settings: Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Hospital Znojmo p. o., MUDr. Jana Janského 11, 669 02 Znojmo Material and Methods: Blood collection was performed in Vacuette® tubes without a gel separator (Greiner) for serum and plasma samples or in Monovette® heparin syringes (Sarstedt) for the whole blood samples. Specimens were measured on UniCel DxC 880i analyser (Beckman Coulter), DxH 900 haematology analyser (Beckman Coulter) or ABL 835 blood gas analyser (Radiometer). For sample and result management, Remisol Advance middleware (Beckman Coulter) and OpenLims LIS (Stapro) were used. Results: Pseudohyperkalemia in a leukemic patient was caused by lymphocyte lysis during the preanalytical phase. Besides transport by pneumatic tube system, vacuum sampling could also have an effect. Extreme pseudohyperkalemia was also detected in a capillary sample for blood gas measurement, which was probably caused by mixing. Conclusion: This case report confirms the need for special rules for blood sampling and for the results evaluation in patients with leukocytosis (especially with AML and CLL type). Active interdisciplinary communication is also important. The authors propose the procedure of the preanalytical phase for these samples and possible algorithms for the early detection of pseudo hyperkalemia.

• Klíčová slova
• potrubní pošta,
• MeSH
• chybná diagnóza * MeSH
• doprava MeSH
• hyperkalemie * diagnóza   MeSH
• leukemie MeSH
• leukocytóza MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• odběr vzorku krve MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• výsledek terapie MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• Publikační typ
• kazuistiky MeSH

The aim of this paper is to understand public preferences for several future scenarios of achieving a healthier, more equitable and sustainable Europe, which differ in the way the society is organized (individualistically vs. collectively) and in the driving sector (public vs. private). To achieve this aim, we conducted a questionnaire survey using representative samples for five European countries in 2018. About three thousand respondents chose among the four scenarios presented within four different contexts (green spaces, active mobility, energy-efficient housing, food consumption) or none of them. A majority of people in the five European countries were ready to accept one of the scenarios. We found significant differences in preferences according to socioeconomic backgrounds and values of respondents. People above 35 years old, those who were less educated, and those in the lowest household income tertile were less supportive of all scenarios. The heterogeneity in preferences associated with differences in socioeconomic backgrounds was larger for the scenario in which society is organized individualistically and driven by the private sector. Smaller distinctions were found in case of the scenario in which society is organized collectively and is driven by the public sector. Departing from social psychological theories, we examine the role of altruistic, biospheric, egoistic, hedonic, and security values. People with stronger biospheric values were more likely to accept scenarios, particularly those which are driven by the public sector and where there is more collective organisation. Those with a more egoistic value orientation were more likely to have higher preferences for scenarios where the private sector had a dominant role. The policy implications, in terms of the selection and framing of policy measures to enhance public support, are discussed.

• MeSH
• doprava * MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
• rovnost ve zdraví * MeSH
• soukromý sektor * MeSH
• trvale udržitelný rozvoj * MeSH
• veřejný sektor MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Evropa MeSH