In this study, a sensitive platform was designed for the electrocatalytical oxidation and recognition of ascorbic acid (AA) based on poly(β-cyclodextrin) modified glassy carbon electrode (p(β-CD-GCE). Electropolymerization of β-CD on the surface of GCE was performed on the potential range of -1 to 1.5 V. So, a novel biopolymer was prepared on the surface of GCE towards sensitive recognition of AA in human plasma samples. The developed platform has good sensitivity and accuracy for electrooxidation and detection of AA with lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) of 1 nM and linear range of 1 nM to 100 mM. Moreover, the designed electrochemical sensor was employed for the analysis of AA on human plasma samples with high sensitivity. Based on advantages of p(β-CD) prepared by electropolymerization procedure (green, fast, homogeny, and efficient eletrocatalytical behaviour), this conductive biopolymer showed excellent analytical behaviour towards electrooxidation of AA. It is expected that the prepared polymeric interface is able to use in the analysis of biological species in clinical samples.
- MeSH
- beta-Cyclodextrins MeSH
- Biocompatible Materials MeSH
- Biopolymers MeSH
- Electrochemical Techniques * methods MeSH
- Ascorbic Acid * MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Propylene Glycols MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
Cryptococcus laurentii growth and extracellular polysaccharide (EPS) production in bioreactor were studied. Biomass yield 14.3 g/L and EPS synthesis 4.3 g/L in 144 h of submerged cultivation were achieved. EPS synthesis and cell growth had different optima. For EPS formation, pH 3, 25 °C and low aeration (1 % < pO2 < 10 %) were advantageous, while cell growth optimum was at pH 6, 20 °C, and high aeration (pO2 > 30 %). As medium pH changed from pH 3 to pH 6, glucuronic acid (GluAc) content in EPS increased, while galactose, xylose, and glucose decreased. Twenty-five degrees Celsius was optimal for GluAc containing polysaccharide synthesis, while lower temperature (15 °C) increased glucose content in EPS. Aeration intensity and time of cultivation had little effect on EPS composition. Molecular mass distribution of raw C. laurentii EPS was determined by SEC-MALS as 1.352. The row EPS was composed of acidic glucuronoxylomannan for more than 85 %. In the in vivo experiments, EPS significantly improved excisional wound healing in healthy rats. The results suggest that C. laurentii EPS is a promising biotechnological product and an advanced material for application in wound management.
Layered double hydroxides (LDHs) are appealing nanomaterials for (bio)medical applications and their potential is threefold. One can gain advantage of the structure of LDH frame (i.e., layered morphology), anion exchanging property towards drugs with acidic character and tendency for facile surface modification with biopolymers. This review focuses on the third aspect, as it is necessary to evaluate the advantages of polymer adsorption on LDH surfaces. Beside the short discussion on fundamental and structural features of LDHs, LDH-biopolymer interactions will be classified in terms of the effect on the colloidal stability of the dispersions. Thereafter, an overview on the biocompatibility and biomedical applications of LDH-biopolymer composite materials will be given. Finally, the advances made in the field will be summarized and future research directions will be suggested.
- MeSH
- Adsorption MeSH
- Biopolymers MeSH
- Hydroxides * chemistry MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Nanoparticles * chemistry MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Review MeSH
Závěrečná zpráva o řešení grantu Agentury pro zdravotnický výzkum MZ ČR
Nestr.
Návrh projektu je převážně aplikovaný výzkum zaměřený na vývoj nové zobrazovací metody využitelné pro endoskopickou fluorescenčně naváděnou chirurgii nádorů. Malá část projektu spadá do základního výzkumu polymerů a jejich biologické charakterizace. Princip projektu je založen na polymerních nosičích směrovaných k nádorové vaskulatuře. Nová metoda by měla chirurgům jednoznačně zvýraznit hranice solidních nádorů, které mohou následně přesně odstranit. S cílem zvýšit akumulaci nosičů na hranici nádorové tkáně budou využity směrující oligopeptidy k receptorům pro FSH a EGF nebo k ?Vß3 integrinovému receptoru, které jsou lokalizovány na okraji vybraných nádorů. Využití tohoto směrování významně navýší potenciál popsané metody pro onkologickou chirurgii, a to tím, že podáním fluorescenčního nanonosiče dojde k vytvoření silného signálu na okraji nádoru umožňující jeho přesné odstranění. Budou využity fluorescenční sondy s emisí v blízké infračervené oblasti s cílem umožnit dostatečný prostup signálu tkání. Potenciál nové metody bude preklinicky testován na modelech lidských nádorů u myší.; In majority applied research project is focused on development of a novel diagnostic tool for endoscopic fluorescence-guided surgery of solid tumors. Small part belongs to the basic research of polymers and their properties. Project is based on polymeric nanocarriers specifically targeted against tumor-associated vasculature. The novel diagnostic tool should significantly visualize to oncologic surgeons the tumors margins and thus enable the accurate removal of the tumor. To further increase tumor targeting, oligopeptides towards the FSH, EGF or ?Vß3 integrin receptors localized mainly on margin of tumors will be bound to the polymer carrier. The receptors expression pattern increase it’s potential as a target for fluorescence guided surgery, via creating an intense slim corona-like fluorescence signal at tumor margin enabling thus the surgeons to cut tumor more precisely. Near infra-red fluorescent probes will be used to obtain the deep tissue penetration of optical signal. The potential of the proposed approach will be preclinicaly evaluated on human tumor models in vivo in mice.
- MeSH
- Biopolymers MeSH
- Surgery, Computer-Assisted methods MeSH
- Endoscopy methods MeSH
- Fluorescent Dyes MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Biomarkers, Tumor MeSH
- Neoplasms surgery diagnostic imaging MeSH
- Nanoparticles MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Conspectus
- Patologie. Klinická medicína
- NML Fields
- onkochirurgie
- biomedicínské inženýrství
- NML Publication type
- závěrečné zprávy o řešení grantu AZV MZ ČR
Natural biopolymers, polymeric organic molecules produced by living organisms and/or renewable resources, are considered greener, sustainable, and eco-friendly materials. Natural polysaccharides comprising cellulose, chitin/chitosan, starch, gum, alginate, and pectin are sustainable materials owing to their outstanding structural features, abundant availability, and nontoxicity, ease of modification, biocompatibility, and promissing potentials. Plentiful polysaccharides have been utilized for making assorted (nano)catalysts in recent years; fabrication of polysaccharides-supported metal/metal oxide (nano)materials is one of the effective strategies in nanotechnology. Water is one of the world's foremost environmental stress concerns. Nanomaterial-adorned polysaccharides-based entities have functioned as novel and more efficient (nano)catalysts or sorbents in eliminating an array of aqueous pollutants and contaminants, including ionic metals and organic/inorganic pollutants from wastewater. This review encompasses recent advancements, trends and challenges for natural biopolymers assembled from renewable resources for exploitation in the production of starch, cellulose, pectin, gum, alginate, chitin and chitosan-derived (nano)materials.
- MeSH
- Adsorption MeSH
- Alginates MeSH
- Biopolymers * MeSH
- Cellulose MeSH
- Water Pollutants, Chemical chemistry isolation & purification MeSH
- Chitin MeSH
- Chitosan MeSH
- Water Purification methods MeSH
- Catalysis MeSH
- Nanostructures * chemistry MeSH
- Nanotechnology MeSH
- Conservation of Water Resources MeSH
- Wastewater chemistry MeSH
- Pectins MeSH
- Starch MeSH
- Green Chemistry Technology MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Review MeSH
Monolithic continuous separation media are gradually finding their way to sample pre-treatment, isolation, enrichment and final analytical separations of a plethora of compounds, occurring as food components, additives or contaminants, including pharmaceuticals, pesticides and toxins, which have traditionally been the domain of particulate chromatographic materials. In the present review, recent advances in the technology of monolithic columns and the applications in food analysis are addressed. Silica-based monoliths are excellent substitutes to conventional particle-packed columns, improving the speed of analysis for low-molecular weight compounds, due to their excellent efficiency and high permeability. These properties have been recently appreciated in two-dimensional HPLC, where the performance in the second dimension is of crucial importance. Organic-polymer monoliths in various formats provide excellent separations of biopolymers. Thin monolithic disks or rod columns are widely employed in isolation, purification and pre-treatment of sample containing proteins, peptides or nucleic acid fragments. Monolithic capillaries were originally intended for use in electrochromatography, but are becoming more frequently used for capillary and micro-HPLC. Monoliths are ideal highly porous support media for immobilization or imprinting template molecules, to provide sorbents for shape-selective isolation of target molecules from various matrices occurring in food analysis. The separation efficiency of organic polymer monoliths for small molecules can be significantly improved by optimization of polymerization approach, or by post-polymerization modification. This will enable full utilization of a large variety of available monomers to prepare monoliths with chemistry matching the needs of selectivity of separations of various food samples containing even very polar or ionized compounds.
Alginates have been widely explored due to their salient advantages of hydrophilicity, biocompatibility, mucoadhesive features, bioavailability, environmentally-benign properties, and cost-effectiveness. They are applied for designing micro- and nanosystems for controlled and targeted drug delivery and cancer therapy as alginate biopolymers find usage in encapsulating anticancer drugs to improve their bioavailability, sustained release, pharmacokinetics, and bio-clearance. Notably, these nanomaterials can be applied for photothermal, photodynamic, and chemodynamic therapy of cancers/tumors. Future explorations ought to be conducted to find novel alginate-based (nano)systems for targeted cancer therapy using advanced drug delivery techniques with benefits of non-invasiveness, patient compliance, and convenience of drug administration. Thus, some critical parameters such as mucosal permeability, stability in the gastrointestinal tract environment, and drug solubility ought to be considered. In addition, the comprehensive clinical translational studies along with the optimization of synthesis techniques still need to be addressed. Herein, we present an overview of the current state of knowledge and recent developments pertaining to the applications of alginate-based micro- and nanosystems for targeted cancer therapy based on controlled drug delivery, photothermal therapy, and chemodynamic/photodynamic therapy approaches, focusing on important challenges and future directions.
- MeSH
- Alginates * MeSH
- Biological Availability MeSH
- Drug Delivery Systems methods MeSH
- Delayed-Action Preparations MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Neoplasms * drug therapy MeSH
- Solubility MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Review MeSH
... /mass spectrometry -- Liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry -- Analysis of proteins and other biopolymers ...
4th ed. xxiv, 818 s., [17] s. příl. : il., tab. ; 26 cm
- Conspectus
- Biochemie. Molekulární biologie. Biofyzika
- NML Fields
- biochemie
- NML Publication type
- učebnice vysokých škol
sv.
- MeSH
- Chromatography MeSH
- Chemistry, Clinical methods MeSH
- Publication type
- Periodical MeSH
- Conspectus
- Patologie. Klinická medicína
- NML Fields
- chemie, klinická chemie
- chemie, klinická chemie
