auditory processing
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Za období dvou let (1998-1999) bylo na ORL oddělení VFN v Praze provedeno celkem 71 tympanoplastických operací u 64 pacientů, z toho bylo 22 dětí od 5 do 14 let. Šlo o 17 primárních a 54 revizních výkonů na 64 uších. Autoři hodnotí výsledky hojení a sluchové zisky ve skupinách TORP (38), PORP (8), interpozice (16), manubriostapedopexe (5) a ostatní rekonstrukce (4). K anatomickému zhojení došlo u 67 (94 %) uší. Všechny uši, kde byla k rekonstrukci bubínkové dutiny použita silikonová blanka, se zhojily. Funkční výsledky byly hodnoceny u zhojených uší, a to porovnáním vzdušně-kostního rozdílu před a po operaci, a především podle výsledné pooperační převodní ztráty na frekvencích od 250 do 4000 Hz. K signifikantnímu zlepšení sluchu (zmenšení nebo eliminaci převodní ztráty) došlo téměř u 70 % všech operovaných uší. Menší převodní ztrátu než 10 dB mělo 60 % (3) uší po manubriostapedopexi, 43 % (3) uší s PORPem, obě uši po interpozici kosti mezi zbytek dlouhého raménka kovadlinky a třmínek, jen 17 % (2) uší po interpozici kovadlinky a 28 % (10) uší s TORPem. U TORPu a interpozice kovadlinky byla výsledná převodní ztráta nejčastěji mezi 11 a 20 dB. Nejvyšších sluchových zisků bylo dosaženo na frekvencích 250, 500 a 1000 Hz u všech typů rekonstrukce, u PORPů i na frekvenci 4000 Hz. Nejvyšších zisků bylo dosaženo u interpozice, PORPu a manubriostapedopexe. Větších sluchových zisků je dosahováno tam, kde zůstaly zachovány suprastruktury třmínku. Sociálně přijatelný sluch na operovaném uchu má v jednotlivých skupinách 56-75 % pacientů, méně ve skupině TORPů, nejvíce ve skupině PORPů a interpozice. Soubor pacientů je dále sledován a rozšiřován, aby mohly být vyhodnoceny i dlouhodobé anatomické a funkční výsledky u jednotlivých rekonstrukcí.
During the two-year-period (1998-1999) at the ENT department of the General Faculty Hospital in Prague a total of 71 tympanoplastic operations were made in 64 patients, incl. 22 children aged 5-14 years. The number camprised 17 primary operations and 54 revisions on 64 ears. The authors evaluate the results of healing and auditory gains in groups TORP (38), PORP (8), interposition (16), manubriostapedopexy (5) and other reconstructions (4). Anatomical healing was recorded in 67 (94 %) ears. All ears where for reconstruction of the tympanic cavity a silicone membrane was used healed. The functional results were evaluated in healed ears by comparing the aerial-bone difference before and after surgery and in particular according to the resulting postoperative transmission loss of frequencies from 250 to 400 Hz. Significant improvement of hearing (reduction or elimination of transmission loss) was recorded in almost 70% of all operated ears. Smaller losses than 10 dB were recorded in 60 % (3) ears) after manubriostapedopexy, 43% (3) ears with PORP, both ears after interposition of bone between the long arm of the incus and stapes, only 17 % (2) ears after interposition of the incus and 28% (10) ears with TORP. In TORP and interposition of the incus the resulting transmission loss was most frequently between 11 and 20 dB. The greatest auditory gains were achieved at frequencies 250, 500 and 1000 Hz in all types of reconstructions, in PORP also at frequency 4000 Hz. The highest gains were achieved after interporition, in PORP and manubriostapedopexy. Greater auditory gains are achieved where the suprastructures of the stapes are preserved. Socially acceptable hearing on the operated ear was recorded in 56-75% patients in the different groups, less in the group of TORP, most in the group PORP and interposition. The patient group is followed up and extended to make possible evaluation also of long-term anatomical and functional results in different types of reconstruction.
Presbycusis, as the deterioration of hearing ability occurring with aging, can be manifested not only in a shift of hearing thresholds, but also in a deterioration of the temporal processing of acoustical signals, which may in elderly people result in degraded speech comprehension. In this study we assessed the age-related changes in the temporal processing of acoustical signals in the auditory system of pigmented rats (Long Evans strain). The temporal resolution was investigated in young adult (3-4 months) and old (30-34 months) rats by behavioral and electrophysiological methods: the rats' ability to detect and discriminate gaps in a continuous noise was examined behaviorally, and the amplitude-rate function was assessed for the middle latency response (MLR) to clicks. A worsening of the temporal resolution with aging was observed in the results of all tests. The values of the gap detection threshold (GDT) and the gap duration difference limen (GDDL) in old rats increased about two-fold in comparison with young adult rats. The MLR to a click train in old rats exhibited a significantly faster reduction in amplitude with an increasing stimulation rate in comparison with young adult rats. None of the age-related changes in the parameters characterizing temporal resolution (GDT, GDDL and MLR to a click train) correlated with the degree of the age-related hearing loss. However, the age-related changes in MLR amplitude-rate function correlated with the age-related changes in GDDL, but not with the changes in GDT. The behavioral and electrophysiological data clearly show that aging in rats is accompanied with a pronounced deficit in the temporal processing of acoustical signals that is associated with the deteriorated function of the central auditory system.
- MeSH
- akustická stimulace MeSH
- diskriminační učení MeSH
- krysa rodu rattus MeSH
- potkani Long-Evans MeSH
- presbyakuze patofyziologie MeSH
- sluchové evokované potenciály MeSH
- sluchový práh fyziologie MeSH
- stárnutí fyziologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- krysa rodu rattus MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
The aim of this project is to use central auditory tests for diagnosis of central auditory processing disorder (CAPD) in children with specific language impairment (SLI), in order to confirm relationship between speech-language impairment and central auditory processing. We attempted to establish special dichotic binaural tests in Czech language modified for younger children. Tests are based on behavioral audiometry using dichotic listening (different auditory stimuli that presented to each ear simultaneously). The experimental tasks consisted of three auditory measures (test 1-3)-dichotic listening of two-syllable words presented like binaural interaction tests. Children with SLI are unable to create simple sentences from two words that are heard separately but simultaneously. Results in our group of 90 pre-school children (6-7 years old) confirmed integration deficit and problems with quality of short-term memory. Average rate of success of children with specific language impairment was 56% in test 1, 64% in test 2 and 63% in test 3. Results of control group: 92% in test 1, 93% in test 2 and 92% in test 3 (p<0.001). Our results indicate the relationship between disorders of speech-language perception and central auditory processing disorders.
- MeSH
- audiometrie metody MeSH
- dětská řeč MeSH
- dichotické testy MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- financování organizované MeSH
- fonetika MeSH
- jazykové poruchy diagnóza komplikace MeSH
- krátkodobá paměť fyziologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- percepce řeči fyziologie MeSH
- studie případů a kontrol MeSH
- testy sluchového rozlišování MeSH
- vývojové poruchy řeči diagnóza komplikace MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
Age-related hearing loss is manifested primarily by a decreased sensitivity to faint sounds, that is, by elevation of the hearing thresholds. Nevertheless, aging also affects the ability of the auditory system to process temporal parameters of the sound stimulus. To explore the precision and reliability of auditory temporal processing during aging, responses to several types of sound stimuli were recorded from neurons of the auditory cortex (AC) of young and aged anaesthetized Fischer 344 rats. In response to broad-band noise bursts, the aged rats exhibited larger response magnitudes, a higher proportion of monotonic units, and also a larger variability of response magnitudes, suggesting a lower stability of the rate code. Of primary interest were the responses to temporally structured stimuli (amplitude-modulated (AM) noise, frequency-modulated (FM) tones, and click trains) recorded separately in the right and left AC. Significant differences of temporal processing were already found between the neuronal responses in the left and right AC in the young animals: for the click trains, the left hemisphere exhibited a greater responsiveness to higher repetition rates, lower vector strength values, and a lower similarity of responses. The two hemispheres were also affected differently by aging. In the right hemisphere, neurons in the aged animals displayed worse synchronization with the AM noise and clicks, but better synchronization with the FM tone. In the left hemisphere, neuronal synchronization with the stimulus modulation improved at a higher age for all three stimuli. The results show that the ability of the aging auditory system to process temporal parameters of the stimulus strongly depends on the stimulus type and on laterality. Furthermore, the commonly reported age-related decline in the temporal processing ability cannot be regarded as general as, at least at the neuronal level in the AC, objective measures of the temporal representation often exhibit age-related improvement instead of deterioration.
Cílem sdělení je hledání vztahu mezi poruchou řečové percepce u dětí s vývojovýmiporuchami řeči a poruchou časového zpracování akustických podnětů. Byly sledovány BAEP (kme-nové sluchové potenciály) u 42 dětí s vývojovou dysfázií nebo dysarthrií. U dětí s dysarthrií bylynalezeny stranové rozdíly v latencích V. vlny a potvrzena hypotéza o postižení centrálního motone-uronu v podkorových oblastech. LAEP (korové sluchové potenciály) byly sledovány u 32 dětí s vý-vojovou dysfázií, u níž je typická porucha rozumění řeči. Byly zjištěny statisticky významné rozdílyv hodnotách latence vlny P3 (prodloužení) po verbální stimulaci oproti stimulaci tonální a kontrolev záznamech z levé hemisféry. Tyto výsledky podporují představu o poruše časového zpracovánířečového signálu u dětí s vývojovou dysfázií.
The author analyses the role of auditory perception of children suffering from developmental speech disorders (developmental language disorder - DLD) by using auditory evoked potentials to clarify the relationship between disorder of speech comprehension and temporal processing. Diagnostic categories of interest are DLD, more commonly known in our country as developmental dysphasia and dysarthria. Children with country as developmental dysphasia have maximum difficulties in processing of the speech signal - auditory decoding deficit. This deficit in phonological processing has been suggested to be one of the basic underlying problems. Children with developmental dysarthria have specific articulation disorders without a cognitive deficit. Results: BAEP (brain stem auditory evoked potential) - a statistically significant difference between the values of latencies of wave V was found in children with dysarthria, in comparison of right a and left stimulated ears. In these children we assume a lesion in the subcortical region while in children with developmental dysphasia we suppose a more central localization of the time delay, i.e. in the cortical region. LAEP (long latency auditory evoked potential) were studied in children with developmental dysphasia. When comparing the results after tonal and verbal stimulation at the left side a statistically significant difference was found: the latencies of wave P3 to verbal stimuli were longer on the left side compared to tonal stimuli and to control. Latency differences may be related to a common timing deficit in developmental speech disorders. These results confirm disorders of temporal processing.
- MeSH
- audiologie MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- finanční podpora výzkumu jako téma MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mozková kůra fyziologie MeSH
- mozkový kmen fyziologie MeSH
- percepce řeči MeSH
- poruchy řeči diagnóza etiologie MeSH
- předškolní dítě MeSH
- sluchové evokované potenciály MeSH
- vývoj řeči MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- předškolní dítě MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- srovnávací studie MeSH
Previous experiments have acknowledged that inappropriate or missing auditory inputs during the critical period of development cause permanent changes of the structure and function of the auditory system (Bures et al., 2017). We explore in this study how developmental noise exposure influences the coding of temporally structured stimuli in the neurons of the primary auditory cortex (AC) in Long Evans rats. The animals were exposed on postnatal day 14 (P14) for 12 minutes to a loud (125 dB SPL) broad-band noise. The responses to an amplitude-modulated (AM) noise, frequency-modulated (FM) tones, and click trains, were recorded from the right AC of rats of two age groups: young-adult (ca. 6 months old) and adult (ca. 2 years old), both in the exposed animals and in control unexposed rats. The neonatal exposure resulted in a higher synchronization ability (phase-locking) of the AC neurons for all three stimuli; furthermore, the similarity of neuronal response patterns to repetitive stimulation was higher in the exposed rats. On the other hand, the exposed animals showed a steeper decline of modulation-transfer functions towards higher modulation frequencies/repetition rates. Differences between the two age groups were also apparent; in general, aging had qualitatively the same effect as the developmental exposure. The current results demonstrate that brief noise exposure during the maturation of the auditory system influences both the temporal and the rate coding of periodically modulated sounds in the AC of rats; the changes are permanent and observable up to late adulthood.
- MeSH
- akustická stimulace MeSH
- hluk škodlivé účinky MeSH
- krysa rodu rattus MeSH
- potkani Long-Evans MeSH
- sluchová percepce MeSH
- sluchové korové centrum * MeSH
- vnímání času MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- krysa rodu rattus MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Acta oto-laryngologica, ISSN 0365-5237 Supplement Vol. 117. 532
144 s. : il. ; 30 cm
- MeSH
- sluchové korové centrum fyziologie MeSH
- Publikační typ
- kongresy MeSH
- Konspekt
- Lékařské vědy. Lékařství
- NLK Obory
- otorinolaryngologie
- fyziologie
