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Hodnoty artériového tlaku krvi (TK) podliehajú počas 24 hodín variabilným zmenám v súlade s fyziologickými dennými rytmami. Narušenie prirodzeného cirkadiánneho rytmu TK sa spája so zhoršenou kardiovaskulárnou (KVS) prognózou. Zvýšenie nočného TK alebo aspoň nedostatočný pokles TK v noci, tzv. non‑dipping, sa môže spájať s morfologickou a funkčnou alteráciou periférnych orgánov a dokonca s vyšším výskytom závažných KVS udalostí. Chronoterapia hypertenzie znamená aplikáciu antihypertenzívnej liečby s cieľom zachovania dennej variability TK v zmysle zníženého nočného TK (a dostatočného nočného TK dippingu), čo by mohlo priniesť aditívny benefit k bežnému rannému podávaniu antihypertenzív. Prihliadnuc na cirkadiánne rytmy vo farmakokinetike a farmakodynamike antihypertenzív, redukciu nočného TK je možné dosiahnuť podávaním aspoň časti aplikovaných antihypertenzív vo večerných hodinách. Predkladaný komentár analyzuje benefity, úskalia a perspektívy chronoterapie hypertenzie.
Arterial blood pressure (BP) undergoes variable changes over 24 hours conforming to physiological daily rhythms. Disruption of the natural BP circadian rhythm is associated with worsened cardiovascular disease (CVD) prognosis. Increased nocturnal BP or at least insufficient BP decline at night, i.e. non-dipping, may be associated with morphological and functional alterations of peripheral organs and even with a higher incidence of major CVD events. Hypertension chronotherapy means the application of antihypertensive treatment in order to maintain the daily BP variability in terms of reduced nocturnal BP (thus also maintaining sufficient nocturnal BP dipping), which could bring an additive benefit to the usual morning administration of antihypertensive medications. Taking into account the circadian rhythms in the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of antihypertensives, the reduction of nocturnal BP can be achieved by administering at least part of the applied antihypertensive medications at bedtime. This commentary analyzes the benefits, pitfalls and perspectives of hypertension chronotherapy.
Improving indoor lighting conditions at the workplace has the potential to support proper circadian entrainment of hormonal rhythms, sleep, and well-being. We tested the effects of optimized dynamic daylight and electric lighting on circadian phase of melatonin, cortisol and skin temperatures in office workers. We equipped one office room with an automated controller for blinds and electric lighting, optimized for dynamic lighting (= Test room), and a second room without any automated control (= Reference room). Young healthy participants (n = 34) spent five consecutive workdays in each room, where individual light exposure data, skin temperatures and saliva samples for melatonin and cortisol assessments were collected. Vertical illuminance in the Test room was 1177 ± 562 photopic lux (mean ± SD) , which was 320 lux higher than in the Reference room (p < 0.01). Melanopic equivalent daylight (D65) illuminance was 931 ± 484 melanopic lux in the Test room and 730 ± 390 melanopic lux in the Reference room (p < 0.01). Individual light exposures resulted in a 50 min earlier time of half-maximum accumulated illuminance in the Test than the Reference room (p < 0.05). The melatonin secretion onset and peripheral heat loss in the evening occurred significantly earlier with respect to habitual sleeptime in the Test compared to the Reference room (p < 0.05). Our findings suggest that optimized dynamic workplace lighting has the potential to promote earlier melatonin onset and peripheral heat loss prior bedtime, which may be beneficial for persons with a delayed circadian timing system.
- MeSH
- cirkadiánní rytmus MeSH
- hydrokortison MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- melatonin * MeSH
- osvětlení * MeSH
- spánek MeSH
- světlo MeSH
- termoregulace MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
BACKGROUND: Problematic smartphone use (PSU) is linked to various mental health issues, but the relationship between PSU, bedtime procrastination, and mental health symptoms is unclear. Sleep factors related to PSU and its mental health effects have been understudied. This study explores the longitudinal associations between PSU, bedtime procrastination, sleep quality, and mental health in university students. METHODS: In this study, a total of 683 university students participated by completing questionnaires on Smart Phone Addiction (SAS) scale, Bedtime Procrastination Scale (BPS), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and Depression, Anxiety Stress Scales 21 (DASS-21) across two different time points with six-months interval between them. The participants were selected using a cluster sampling technique from Quaid-e-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan. A cross-lagged model was utilized to assess the longitudinal association between these variables. RESULTS: Statistically significant reciprocal associations were found between PSU, bedtime procrastination, and mental health symptoms. PSU at Time 1 significantly predicted PSU at Time 2, bedtime procrastination at Time 2, sleep quality at Time 2, and mental health symptoms at Time 2. Bedtime procrastination at Time 1 predicted PSU at Time 2, sleep quality at Time 2, and mental health symptoms at Time 2. Sleep quality at Time 1 predicted bedtime procrastination at Time 2 and mental health symptoms at Time 2. Mental health symptoms at Time 1 predicted PSU at Time 2 and sleep quality at Time 2. CONCLUSION: The research findings have significantly advanced understanding of the longitudinal connections between PSU, bedtime procrastination, sleep quality, and mental health indicators. This enhanced comprehension is instrumental for psychological practitioners in devising targeted interventions to mitigate such issues among the university student demographic.
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
BACKGROUND: Little is known about the effects of physical activity and fitness on sleep timing parameters in adolescence. METHODS: We investigated the development of sleep timing between age 8 and 15 and its association with physical fitness at age 15 in 787 adolescents (408 males, 379 females). Physical fitness was measured using the physical work capacity (PWC) protocol. Information on sport activity was collected at ages 11 and 15. Finally, the contribution of other covariates (sex, body mass index (BMI), parental education and occupational skill level) to the association between sleep parameters and physical fitness was evaluated. The correlation of BMI and physical fitness was assessed separately. RESULTS: Mild correlation of sleep duration at ages 8 and 15 was observed (r=0.08-0.16). Higher sport activity participation and physical fitness were found to be mildly associated with delayed bedtime and reduced sleep duration; the association with bedtime was significant after adjustment for all covariates. Sport activity at age 11 was not associated with sleep timing at age 15. Interestingly, higher BMI was linked to delayed bedtime and higher physical fitness. CONCLUSION: Our findings do not support existing hypotheses suggesting the association of low physical activity and fitness with shorter sleep duration and high BMI in a generally non-obese adolescent population without severe sleep restriction.
- MeSH
- chování mladistvých * MeSH
- cvičení * MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- index tělesné hmotnosti * MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- longitudinální studie MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- prospektivní studie MeSH
- spánek * MeSH
- zvyky * MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
... with type 2 diabetes 99 -- Less nocturnal hypoglycemia and better post-dinner glucose control with bedtime ... ... insulin glargine compared with bedtime NPH insulin during insulin combination therapy in type 2 diabetes ... ... insulin glargine (Lantus®) compared to bedtime NPH insulin in patients with type 2 diabetes 109 -- Phase ... ... IIIB studies -- Glimepiride combined with morning insulin glargine, bedtime neutral protamine hagedorn ... ... insulin, or bedtime insulin glargine in patients with type 2 Diabetes: a randomised controlled trial ...
Series on insulin therapy
xii, 205 stran : ilustrace, tabulky ; 21 cm
- MeSH
- diabetes mellitus 2. typu farmakoterapie MeSH
- hypoglykemika MeSH
- inzulin glargin terapeutické užití MeSH
- klinická studie jako téma MeSH
- Publikační typ
- monografie MeSH
- souborné dílo MeSH
- Konspekt
- Farmacie. Farmakologie
- NLK Obory
- farmakoterapie
- diabetologie
Vyd. 1. 112 s. : il. ; 21 cm
Doba těsně před usnutím je pro děti nesmírně důležitá. To, jak se cítí, když usínají, rozhoduje o tom, jak se budou cítit ráno po probuzení. Probuzení s dobrou náladou je jako štít pro celý den, ale probuzení s ošklivou náladou přitahuje negativní emoce a zkušenosti. Většina rodičů zažívá perné chvilky pokaždé, když nastane čas uložit děti do postýlky, a vyprávění příběhů na dobrou noc je ideálním způsobem, jak společně zakončit den. Jeden z hlavních důvodů, proč se dětem do postele nechce, je skutečnost, že to neslibuje žádnou aktivitu, na kterou by se mohly těšit. Je to konec činnosti a denní legrace, ale pozornost a aktivita jsou přesně to, po čem děti dychtí.
- Klíčová slova
- pohádky,
- MeSH
- čtení MeSH
- kreativita MeSH
- myšlení MeSH
- výchova dítěte MeSH
- vyprávění MeSH
- vztahy mezi rodiči a dětmi MeSH
- Publikační typ
- příručky MeSH
- Konspekt
- Vyšší duševní procesy
- NLK Obory
- humanitní vědy a umění
- psychologie, klinická psychologie
- pedagogika
BACKGROUND: Nocturnal sleep of patients suffering from various forms of dementia is often impaired by nocturnal agitation or nocturnal wandering. Anticonvulsives such as carbamazepine or valproate are reported to have some therapeutic efficacy, but there is little information about other drugs suitable for treatment of this condition. CASE REPORT: Our patient, a 77-year-old Czech woman with incipient vascular dementia, received gabapentin 400mg at bedtime for 6 months and showed convincing improvement. CONCLUSIONS: Gabapentin was very effective in treating nocturnal agitation.
- MeSH
- aminy terapeutické užití MeSH
- anxiolytika terapeutické užití MeSH
- demence komplikace farmakoterapie MeSH
- GABA terapeutické užití MeSH
- kyseliny cyklohexankarboxylové terapeutické užití MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- psychomotorický neklid komplikace farmakoterapie MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- tma MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- kazuistiky MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
OBJECTIVE: Over the past decade, concurrent with increasing social media use (SMU), there has been a shift toward poorer sleep among adolescents in many countries. The purpose of this study was to examine the cross-national associations between adolescent SMU and sleep patterns, by comparing 4 different categories of SMU (nonactive, active, intense, and problematic use). DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: Data were from 86,542 adolescents in 18 European and North American countries that participated in the 2017/18 Health Behaviour in School-aged study. MEASUREMENTS: Mixed-effects linear regression models were used to examine cross-national associations between 4 SMU categories and adolescent sleep duration, bedtime and social jetlag derived from self-reported data. RESULTS: For all countries combined, nonactive SMU was associated with longer sleep, earlier bedtimes, and less social jetlag, compared to active SMU, although the differences were minor. By comparison, intense and problematic SMU were associated with less sleep and later bedtimes on both school and nonschool days, and greater social jetlag, compared to active SMU. While findings were relatively consistent between countries, some differences were observed, suggesting that the national and cultural context may be important in interpreting results. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that both intense and problematic SMU are associated with poorer sleep patterns in adolescents across most countries. Further research is needed to identify effective policies, programs, and messaging to promote the healthy use of social media and prevent potential negative impacts on adolescent sleep.
... 59 -- Bedtime insulin 59 -- Can I change my meal times? ... ... 59 -- When should I take the bedtime insulin of NPH type? ... ... Permanent changes of insulin doses 128 -- Low blood glucose levels 129 -- Insulin for evening meal 130 -- Bedtime ...
First edition 268 stran : ilustrace ; 30 cm
- MeSH
- diabetes mellitus 1. typu terapie MeSH
- diabetická dieta MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- hypoglykemie MeSH
- inzuliny MeSH
- management nemoci MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- Publikační typ
- monografie MeSH
- populární práce MeSH
- Konspekt
- Patologie. Klinická medicína
- NLK Obory
- diabetologie
- pediatrie
- zdravotní výchova
Při léčbě noční polyurie využíváme jak režimová opatření, tak i medikamentózní léčbu. Základem medikamentózní terapie je léčba desmopresinem. Desmopresin acetát je syntetickým analogem antidiuretického hormonu s vysokou afinitou k V2 receptorům a antidiuretickým účinkem. V současné době je jediným registrovaným preparátem pro léčbu antidiuretiky. Oproti antidiuretickému hormonu nemá desmopresin žádnou relevantní afinitu k V1 receptorům, a tedy ani žádný hypertenzní účinek. Po užití desmopresinu v době před usnutím je během spánku snížena tvorba moči, a proto je prodloužen čas do nucení na močení a počet nykturií. Klinický efekt ve smyslu snížení objemu vytvořené moči a zvýšené osmolality moči trvá přibližně 8–12 hodin. Desmopresin se k léčbě noční polyurie aplikuje perorálně jednu hodinu před spaním. Optimální dávku desmopresinu je třeba vytitrovat, léčba se zahajuje dávkou 60 ?g preparátu v tzv. MELT formě (fast melting oral formulation – rychle rozpustná tabletová forma) a může se podle klinického účinku po týdnu zvyšovat do maximální doporučené dávky 240 ?g. Pacienti léčení desmopresinem by měli snížit příjem tekutin 1 hodinu před aplikací a 8 hodin po aplikaci desmopresinu. Celkový počet nežádoucích účinků spojených s podáváním desmopresinu byl v provedených klinických studiích vyšší než u placeba, nežádoucí účinky byly většinou mírného stupně. Nejčastěji udávané nežádoucí účinky v krátkodobých a dlouhodobých studiích byly bolesti hlavy, nauzea, průjem, bolesti břicha, závratě, pocit sucha v ústech a hyponatrémie. Hyponatrémie byla v klinických studiích pozorována především u pacientů ve věku vyšším než 65 let, proto by léčba desmopresinem neměla být u těchto pacientů zahájena bez monitorování hladiny natria a všichni pacienti by měli být také poučeni o prodromech hyponatrémie – bolestech hlavy, nauzee a insomnii. Podle Evidence Based Medicine je úroveň evidence pro léčbu nykturií způsobených noční polyurií desmopresinem 1b a stupeň doporučení léčby je A.
Nonpharmacologic and especially pharmacologic treatment options are available for nocturnal polyuria. Desmopressin represents the basis of pharmacologic treatment. Desmopressin acetate is a synthetic analogue of arginine vasopressin with high affinity to V2 receptors with antidiuretic effect. It is the only medicament currently registered for antidiuretic treatment. Desmopressin has not any relevant affinity to V1 receptors, and therefore there is no hypertensive effect in contrary to natural vasopressin. Desmopressin use before a bedtime leads to reduced production of urine during a sleep, therefore time between desires to void is prolonged and number of nocturia is reduced. Clinical effect, in a meaning of reduced urine production and increased osmolality of urine, lasts approximately 8-12 hours. In the treatment of nocturnal polyuria desmopressin is used orally one hour before a bedtime. It is essential to titrate an ideal dose, the initial dose is 60 ?g of MELT formula (fast melting oral formulation) and it can be increased according to the clinical effect up to the maximal recommended daily dose 240 ?g. Patients treated with desmopressin should cut down a fluid intake 1 hour before and 8 hours after the use of desmopressin. Total number of adverse events connected withdesmopressin treatment in clinical studies was higher compared to placebo but the side effects were mostly mild. The most common adverse events were headaches, nausea, diarrhoea, abdominal pain, dry mouth and hyponatremia both in the short-term and long-term clinical trials. Hyponatremia was observed mainly in patients over 65 year of age. Therefore treatment with desmopressin should not be commended in patients over 65 year of age without close monitoring of the natrium level in serum and all patients should be informed about the first symptoms of hyponatremia – headache, nausea and insomnia. According to Evidence Based Medicine, the level of evidence for treatment of nocturnal polyuria with desmopressin is 1b and the grade of recommendation for treatment is A.