• MeSH
• cytogenetika MeSH
• terminologie jako téma MeSH

• Konspekt
• Obecná genetika. Obecná cytogenetika. Evoluce
• NLK Obory
• cytologie, klinická cytologie
• genetika, lékařská genetika
• NLK Publikační typ
• kolektivní monografie

The taxonomic position of three actinobacterial strains, BCCO 10_0061T, BCCO 10_0798T, and BCCO 10_0856T, recovered from bare soil in the Sokolov Coal Basin, Czech Republic, was established using a polyphasic approach. The multilocus sequence analysis based on 100 single-copy genes positioned BCCO 10_0061T in the same cluster as Lentzea waywayandensis, strain BCCO 10_0798T in the same cluster as Lentzea flaviverrucosa, Lentzea californiensis, Lentzea violacea, and Lentzea albidocapillata, and strain BCCO 10_0856T clustered together with Lentzea kentuckyensis and Lentzea alba. Morphological and chemotaxonomic characteristics of these strains support their assignment to the genus Lentzea. In all three strains, MK-9(H4) accounted for more than 80 % of the isoprenoid quinone. The diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid. The whole-cell sugars were rhamnose, ribose, mannose, glucose, and galactose. The major fatty acids (>10 %) were iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, and C16 : 0. The polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, methyl-phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylethanolamine, hydroxy-phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, and phosphatidylinositol. The genomic DNA G+C content of strains (mol%) was 68.8 for BCCO 10_0061T, 69.2 for BCCO 10_0798T, and 68.5 for BCCO 10_0856T. The combination of digital DNA-DNA hybridization results, average nucleotide identity values and phenotypic characteristics of BCCO 10_0061T, BCCO 10_0798T, and BCCO 10_0856T distinguishes them from their closely related strains. Bioinformatic analysis of the genome sequences of the strains revealed several biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) with identities >50 % to already known clusters, including BGCs for geosmin, coelichelin, ε-poly-l-lysine, and erythromycin-like BGCs. Most of the identified BGCs showed low similarity to known BGCs (<50 %) suggesting their genetic potential for the biosynthesis of novel secondary metabolites. Based on the above results, each strain represents a novel species of the genus Lentzea, for which we propose the name Lentzea sokolovensis sp. nov. for BCCO 10_0061T (=DSM 116175T), Lentzea kristufekii sp. nov. for BCCO 10_0798T (=DSM 116176T), and Lentzea miocenica sp. nov. for BCCO 10_0856T (=DSM 116177T).

• MeSH
• Actinobacteria * MeSH
• Actinomycetales * MeSH
• Bacteria MeSH
• DNA bakterií genetika   MeSH
• fosfatidylethanolaminy MeSH
• fylogeneze MeSH
• mastné kyseliny chemie   MeSH
• RNA ribozomální 16S genetika   MeSH
• sekvenční analýza DNA MeSH
• techniky typizace bakterií MeSH
• uhlí MeSH
• zastoupení bazí MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH

There is extensive coverage in the existing literature on implant-associated lymphomas like anaplastic large-cell lymphoma, but breast implant-associated squamous cell carcinoma (BIA-SCC) has received limited scholarly attention since its first case in 1992. Thus, this study aims to conduct a qualitative synthesis focused on the underexplored association between breast implants and BIA-SCC. A systematic review was conducted utilizing the PubMed, Web of Science, and Cochrane databases to identify all currently reported cases of BIA-SCC. Additionally, a literature review was performed to identify potential biochemical mechanisms that could lead to BIA-SCC. Studies were vetted for quality using the NIH quality assessment tool. From an initial pool of 246 papers, 11 met the quality criteria for inclusion, examining a total of 14 patients aged between 40 and 81 years. BIA-SCC was found in a diverse range of implants, including those with smooth and textured surfaces, as well as those filled with saline and silicone. The condition notably manifested a proclivity for aggressive clinical progression, as evidenced by a mortality rate approximating 21.4% within a post-diagnostic interval of six months. Our literature review reveals that chronic inflammation, driven by various external factors such as pathogens and implants, can initiate carcinogenesis through epigenetic modifications and immune system alterations. This includes effects from exosomes and macrophage polarization, showcasing potential pathways for the pathogenesis of BIA-SCC. The study highlights the pressing need for further investigation into BIA-SCC, a subject hitherto inadequately addressed in the academic sphere. This necessitates the urgency for early screening and intervention to improve postoperative outcomes. While the review is confined by its reliance on case reports and series, it serves as a valuable reference for future research endeavors.

• MeSH
• anaplastický velkobuněčný lymfom * patologie   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• implantace prsní náhrady * škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mamoplastika * škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• nádory prsu * patologie   MeSH
• prsní implantáty * škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• kazuistiky MeSH
• přehledy MeSH
• systematický přehled MeSH

Cíl: V rámci procesu in vitro fertilizace (IVF) zhodnotit možnost použití stavu meiotického vřeténka jako indikátoru zralosti oocytů za účelem optimalizace načasování vitrifikace. Pacienti a metody: V rámci léčby neplodnosti 38leté ženy a 43letého muže metodou IVF-ICSI (intracytoplazmatická injekce spermie) byla zobrazena dělicí vřeténka jako markery zralosti oocytů před jejich vitrifikací z důvodu azoospermie u partnera. Oocyty, u nichž byl úhel mezi polárním tělískem a meiotickým vřeténkem ≤ 30°, případně měly špatně viditelné meiotické vřeténko, byly vitrifikovány 4 hod po vyhodnocení meiotického vřeténka (8 hod po odběru oocytů). Standardně jsou oocyty vitrifikovány 6 hod po odběru oocytů. Výsledky: Delší doba inkubace oocytů pacientky umožnila, aby oocyty před vitrifikací plně dozrály (do fáze MII) a po rozmrazení byly připraveny pro oplodnění. U partnera pacientky byly následně získány vitální spermie po léčbě tamoxifenem, oocyty byly rozmrazeny a oplodněny získanými spermiemi, s následným embryotransferem a porodem zdravého dítěte v termínu. Závěr: Meiotické vřeténko je možné použít jako marker plné zralosti u oocytů před jejich vitrifikací u starších žen. Po rozmrazení byly oocyty zralé a připravené pro oplodnění metodou ICSI.

Aim: Within the in vitro fertilization (IVF) process, to evaluate the possibility of using the state of the meiotic spindle of oocytes as an indicator of maturity in order to optimize the timing of vitrification. Patients and methods: In the presented report, the cause of couple infertility was a combination of a 38-year-old female and 43-year-old male with azoospermia, which was an indication for oocyte vitrification. Oocyte polar bodies and optically birefringent meiotic spindles were visualized by polarized light microscopy and their states and relative positions were used as indicators of oocyte maturation, i.e. readiness for vitrification. Oocytes which had an angle between the polar body and meiotic spindle a ≤ 30° or had a poorly visible meiotic spindle were vitrified 4 hours post-meiotic spindle evaluation (8 hours after ovum pick-up). Results: After thawing, oocytes were fully maturated and prepared for intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). Following treatment with tamoxifen, vital sperm were retrieved from the patient’s partner, the oocytes were thawed and fertilized with the obtained sperm, with subsequent embryo transfer and delivery of a healthy baby at term. Conclusion: The meiotic spindle can be used as an oocyte maturation pointer in older women. After thawing, the oocytes were fully matured and ready for fertilization by ICSI.

• MeSH
• aparát dělícího vřeténka * ultrastruktura   MeSH
• biologické markery * analýza   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• fertilizace in vitro * metody   MeSH
• infertilita terapie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• oocyty patologie   růst a vývoj   ultrastruktura   MeSH
• polární tělísko MeSH
• tamoxifen terapeutické užití   MeSH
• vitrifikace MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• kazuistiky MeSH

A series of heterocyclic chloroquine hybrids, containing a chain of two carbon atoms at position four of the quinolinic chain and acting as a link between quinoline and several benzoyl groups, is synthesized and screened in vitro as an inhibitor of β-hematin formation and in vivo for its antimalarial activity against chloroquine-sensitive strains of Plasmodium berghei ANKA in this study. The compounds significantly reduced haeme crystallization, with IC50 values < 10 μM. The values were comparable to chloroquine's, with an IC50 of 1.50 ± 0.01 μM. The compounds 4c and 4e prolonged the average survival time of the infected mice to 16.7 ± 2.16 and 14.4 ± 1.20 days, respectively. We also studied the effect of the compounds 4b, 4c, and 4e on another important human parasite, Leishmania mexicana, which is responsible for cutaneous leishmaniasis, demonstrating a potential leishmanicidal effect against promasigotes, with an IC50 < 10 μM. Concerning the possible mechanism of action of these compounds on Lesihmania mexicana, we performed experiments demonstrating that these three compounds could induce the collapse of the parasite mitochondrial electrochemical membrane potential (Δφ). The in vitro cytotoxicity assays against mammalian cancerous and noncancerous human cell lines showed that the studied compounds exhibit low cytotoxic effects. The ADME/Tox analysis predicted moderate lipophilicity values, low unbound fraction values, and a poor distribution for these compounds. Therefore, moderate bioavailability was expected. We calculated other molecular descriptors, such as the topological polar surface area, according to Veber's rules, and except for 2 and 4i, the rest of the compounds violated this descriptor, demonstrating the low antimalarial activity of our compounds in vivo.

• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Stroke is a devastating cerebrovascular pathology with high morbidity and mortality. Inflammation plays a central role in the pathophysiology of stroke. Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) is a promising immunomodulatory method that has shown positive effects in stroke treatment, including neuroprotection, anti-apoptosis, anti-inflammation, antioxidation, reduced infarct volume, improved neurological scores, and promotion of M2 microglial polarization. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge about the vagus nerve's immunomodulatory effects through the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway (CAP) and provide a comprehensive assessment of the available experimental literature focusing on the use of VNS in stroke treatment.

• MeSH
• antioxidancia metabolismus   MeSH
• cévní mozková příhoda * terapie   metabolismus   MeSH
• imunomodulace MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mikroglie metabolismus   MeSH
• nervus vagus fyziologie   MeSH
• vagová stimulace * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

Karcinóm z vysokých buniek s obrátenou polaritou (tall cell carcinoma with reversed polarity - TCCRP) je zriedkavý špeciálny typ epitelovej neoplazmy prsníka, ktorý sa prezentuje kolumnárnymi bunkami s opačnou jadrovou polaritou, solídnou a solídne papilárnou architektonikou a častými alteráciami génu IDH2. Autori prezentujú tri prípady TCCRP u žien vo veku 56, 66 a 67 rokov, s tumormi v maximálnych veľkostiach 29 mm, 10 mm a 8 mm. Nádory vykazovali histomorfologické charakteristiky TCCRP podporené imunohistochemickým profilom nádorových buniek, v ktorých bola dokázaná expresia CK7, CK5/6, GCDFP15, mammaglobínu, GATA3 a kalretinínu a negativita CK14, p63, TTF1, thyreoglobulínu a neuroendokrinných markerov. Dva nádory boli trojito negatívne a v jednom tumore bola zaznamenaná slabá fokálna expresia ER pri negativite PR a HER2. Vo všetkých troch nádoroch boli metódou masívneho paralelného sekvenovania (NGS analýza) dokázané patogénne somatické varianty v géne IDH2 v hotspot oblasti p.R172. Navyše, v dvoch nádoroch boli identifikované najčastejšie patogénne varianty p.E545A a p.H1047R v géne PIK3CA. TCCRP predstavuje vzácnu neoplazmu prsníka s nízkym stupňom malignity, ktorej incidencia bude pravdepodobne narastať vplyvom jasnejšie definovaných histomorfologických, imunohistochemických a molekulovo-genetických charakteristík, na základe ktorých bol tento typ nádoru uvedený aj do 5. edície WHO klasifikácie nádorov prsníka.

Tall cell carcinoma with reverse polarity (TCCRP) is a rare special type of breast epithelial neoplasm presented by columnar cells with opposite nuclear polarity, solid and solid-papillary architecture, and frequent IDH2 gene alterations. Hereby, the authors present three cases of TCCRP in women aged 56, 66 and 67 years with maximum tumour sizes of 29 mm, 10 mm and 8 mm. Tumours showed histomorphological characteristics of TCCRP supported by immunohistochemical profile of tumour cells, in which positive expression of CK7, CK5/6, GCDFP15, mammaglobin, GATA3 and calretinin and negativity of CK14, p63, TTF1, thyroglobulin and neuroendocrine markers were demonstrated. Two tumours were triple negative, and in one tumour, only weak focal ER expression was noted along with PR and HER2 negativity. Pathogenic somatic variants in mutational hotspot region p.R172 in IDH2 gene were detected using NGS technology in all three tumours. Moreover, in two of these tumours, the most common pathogenic variants p.E545A and p.H1047R of PIK3CA were identified. TCCRP represents a rare breast neoplasm of low malignant potential, the incidence of which will probably increase due to the more clearly defined histomorphological, immunohistochemical and molecular-genetic characteristics, which were all responsible for including this entity into the 5th edition of WHO classification breast tumours.

• Klíčová slova
• nádory prsu z vysokých buněk s obrácenou polaritou,
• MeSH
• imunohistochemie MeSH
• karcinom chirurgie   diagnostické zobrazování   genetika   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mutace MeSH
• nádorové biomarkery MeSH
• nádory prsu * chirurgie   diagnostické zobrazování   genetika   MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• kazuistiky MeSH

A Gram stain-positive, rod-shaped, motile, aerobic and terminal endospore formation bacterium, designated YIM B00362T, was isolated from saline soil samples collected from a salt lake in Xinjiang Province, north-west China. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequences and whole genomes indicated that the isolate belongs to the genus Paenibacillus. However, the highest sequence similarity between strain YIM B00362T and the relatives was only 94.4%. Moreover, the DNA-DNA relatedness and ANI values between the novel isolate and the relative type strain, Paenibacillus antri SYSU K30003T was 13.6% and 70.3%, respectively. The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15:0, C16:0 and the major quinone was MK-7. The isolate contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid and the major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglyceride, and two unidentified polar lipids. The genomic DNA G + C content was 50.9 mol%. The major whole-cell sugars contained glucose and galactose. On the basis of physiological, phenotypic, and chemotaxonomic data, strain YIM B00362T represents a novel species of genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus alkalitolerans sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is YIM B00362T (= KCTC 43272 T = CGMCC 1.18801 T = NBRC 114667 T).

• MeSH
• DNA bakterií genetika   MeSH
• fosfolipidy chemie   MeSH
• fylogeneze MeSH
• jezera MeSH
• mastné kyseliny analýza   MeSH
• Paenibacillus * MeSH
• RNA ribozomální 16S genetika   MeSH
• sekvenční analýza DNA MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Čína MeSH

In the present work, we characterized in detail strain CM-3-T8T, which was isolated from the rhizosphere soil of strawberries in Beijing, China, in order to elucidate its taxonomic position. Cells of strain CM-3-T8T were Gram-negative, non-spore-forming, aerobic, short rod. Growth occurred at 25-37 °C, pH 5.0-10.0, and in the presence of 0-8% (w/v) NaCl. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain CM-3-T8T formed a stable clade with Lysobacter soli DCY21T and Lysobacter panacisoli CJ29T, with the 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 98.91% and 98.50%. The average nucleotide identity and digital DNA-DNA hybridization values between strain SG-8 T and the two reference type strains listed above were 76.3%, 79.6%, and 34.3%, 27%, respectively. The DNA G + C content was 68.4% (mol/mol). The major cellular fatty acids were comprised of C15:0 iso (36.15%), C17:0 iso (8.40%), and C11:0 iso 3OH (8.28%). The major quinone system was ubiquinone Q-8. The major polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidylethanolamine (PME), diphosphatidylglycerol (DPG), and aminophospholipid (APL). On the basis of phenotypic, genotypic, and phylogenetic evidence, strain CM-3-T8T (= ACCC 61714 T = JCM 34576 T) represents a new species within the genus Lysobacter, for which the name Lysobacter changpingensis sp. nov. is proposed.

• MeSH
• DNA bakterií genetika   chemie   MeSH
• fosfatidylethanolaminy MeSH
• fosfolipidy chemie   MeSH
• fylogeneze MeSH
• jahodník * genetika   MeSH
• Lysobacter * genetika   MeSH
• mastné kyseliny analýza   MeSH
• půda MeSH
• rhizosféra MeSH
• RNA ribozomální 16S genetika   MeSH
• sekvenční analýza DNA MeSH
• techniky typizace bakterií MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Čína MeSH

V imunopatogenezi roztroušené sklerózy (RS) se v poškozujícím zánětu, zprostředkovaném abnormálně polarizovanými subsety Th1 a Th2 T lymfocytů, významně uplatňují i B lymfocyty. B lymfocyty jsou schopny prostřednictvím specifických receptorů rozpoznávat (auto)antigeny. K jejich aktivaci a klonální expanzi významně přispívají rovněž receptory PRR, identifikující vzory vnitřního poškození DAMP (Damage Associated Molecular Pattern) a(nebo) vzory mikrobiální invaze PAMP (Pathogen Associated Molecular Pattern). V CNS nemocných s RS byly prokázány organizované lymfatické struktury tvořené především B lymfocyty v různém stupni diferenciace a aktivace. V poškozujícím zánětu u nemocných s RS jsou B lymfocyty účinnými buňkami, které předkládají antigeny T lymfocytům a přispívají k jejich abnormální funkční polarizaci. Jsou rovněž zdrojem spektra prozánětlivých cytokinů. Podstatný podíl B lymfocytů v patofyziologii RS je doložen experimenty na zvířecích modelech. Zásadním důkazem je však klinicky prokázaná vysoká účinnost biologik, které cílí na molekulu CD20 B lymfocytů, v léčbě nemocných s RS. Pro léčbu nemocných s RS jsou schválena biologika ocrelizumab a ofatumumab.

B cells are substantially contributing into the adverse inflammatory reaction mediated by abnormally polarized Th1 and Th2 subsets of T cells in the immunopathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS). B cells are able to recognize (auto)antigens via specific receptors. Activation and clonal expansion of B cells is in addition supported by PRR receptors identifying damage associated molecular patterns (DAMP) and(or) patterns of microbial invasion (PAMP). Ectopic highly organized lymphatic tissue are found in CNS of MS patients. B cells are potent antigen presenting cells stimulating specific T cells thus contributing to their clonal expansion and abnormal functional polarisation. B cells are also producing the whole spectrum of cytokines. The substantial role of B cells in the immunopathogenesis of multiple sclerosis is evidenced using animal models. However, the ultimate evidence addressing the participation of B cells in the immunopathogenesis of MS is given by very positive response induced in MS patients who are treated with biologics targeting CD20 molecule on B cells. Currently, ocrelizumab and ofatumumab are monoclonal antibodies approved for treatment of MS patients.

• MeSH
• antigeny CD20 farmakologie   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• biologická terapie MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• roztroušená skleróza * farmakoterapie   MeSH
• zánět MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH