Přecitlivělost na elektromagnetické pole (Idiopathic Environmental Intolerance Attributed to Electromagnetic Fields) je relativně nový fenomén, který budí stále více pozornosti laické i odborné veřejnosti. Jsou zakládány společnosti, které mají za úkol pomoci takto postiženým, probíhá výzkum tohoto jevu a veřejné instituce vydávají svá stanoviska a doporučení k opatřením. Tento článek přináší přehled výsledků důležitých výzkumů a metaanalýz, které se zaměřily především na to, zda je elektromagnetické záření skutečně etiologickým činitelem, a dále přináší přehled hypotetických vysvětlení tohoto jevu.

Idiopathic Environmental Intolerance Attributed to Electromagnetic Fields is a relatively new phenomenon, which is not fully understood. Extensive research has been carried out to exclude or confirm out that symptoms reported by sufferers are caused by electromagnetic field. This article describes outcomes of recent experiments and meta-analyses. The article may answer to the question if electromagnetic field does really cause reported symptoms, furthermore, it provides hypothetical explanation of this phenomenon.

• MeSH
• dvojitá slepá metoda MeSH
• elektromagnetická pole * škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• fobie MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• metaanalýza jako téma MeSH
• průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
• psychický stres MeSH
• výzkum * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH

The main goal of this reaserch is an evaluatin of mental stress. The level of stress was studied in a group of nurses that spent some time on the military missions, especially in Afghanistan. We used Meister questionary for evaluation of a stress level at work, in a civilian hospital in the Czech Republic and a military work place, during the mission. In conclusion, the goal of our reaserch is classification of a stress level during the nurses´ deployment in foreign mission. Based on these results, some methods convenient for managing a higher level of stress were described and mechanisms of stress adaptation are discussed.

• MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mobilní zdravotnické jednotky * pracovní síly   MeSH
• profesionální vyhoření diagnóza   prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
• psychický stres klasifikace   MeSH
• vojenské ošetřovatelství * pracovní síly   MeSH
• zdravotní sestry pracující v zahraničí * psychologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH

Data poskytují informace o tom, jaký je stav výuky chronických ran v oboru všeobecná sestra. Hlavním cílem průzkumu bylo zjistit, s jakým typem chronických ran se studenti v průběhu výuky setkávají, jaký typ prostředků během praxe při převazech používají, a také s kým rány na praxi převazují. Pomocí didaktického testu byla zjištěna orientace studentů v problematice ošetřovatelské péče o rány. Byl použit nestandardizovaný polostrukturovaný dotazník. Výzkumné šetření bylo provedeno na pěti vyšších odborných zdravotnických školách a čtyřech vysokých školách. Celkem bylo vyhodnoceno 494 dotazníků. Výsledkem je zjištění nejednotnosti ve výuce chronických ran.

The data offers the information about the current stage of chronical wound education of general nurses. The main research goal was to find out which type of chronical wounds did the students encounter during their classwork, which type of applications did they use during their practise and also with whom did they bandage the wounds in the practise. The orientation of students in the field of wound nursing care was discovered with the aid of didactical questionnaire. The non-standard semi-structured questionnaire was used. The research was performed in 5 high specialised medical schools and in 4 universities. 494 questionnaires were evaluated totally. The result is finding that the education of chronical wounds is disunited.

• MeSH
• chronická nemoc * MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• hojení ran * fyziologie   účinky léků   MeSH
• interpretace statistických dat * MeSH
• kontinuální vzdělávání zdravotních sester * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• odborné všeobecné sestry * normy   organizace a řízení   trendy   výchova   MeSH
• ošetřovatelská péče * metody   normy   statistika a číselné údaje   trendy   využití   MeSH
• průzkumy a dotazníky * klasifikace   normy   využití   MeSH
• sběr dat * MeSH
• školy zdravotnické * organizace a řízení   MeSH
• studenti zdravotnických povolání * MeSH
• výuka - hodnocení * metody   normy   statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• výzkum * MeSH
• vzdělávání pacientů jako téma * MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH

Cieľ: Chronické rany predstavujú problém zvyšujúci morbiditu, invaliditu a mortalitu, a vážne zasahujú do kvality života pacienta/rodiny. Ošetrovateľstvo zohráva dôležitú úlohu. Cieľom štúdie bolo identifikovať, analyzovať a zhodnotiť sebavnímanie sestier s pokročilou praxou (SsPP) pracujúcich v oblasti manažmentu rán. Súbor a metódy: V kvantitatívnej prierezovej štúdii bol použitý dotazník vlastnej konštrukcie s doménami pokročilej praxe v ošetrovateľstve. Výskumnú vzorku tvorilo 50 SsPP. Zber údajov sa uskutočnil v januári až februári 2021 v troch rôznych typoch zdravotníckych zariadení. V štúdii boli použité deskriptívne induktívne štatistické metódy (testovanie korelácií a rozdielov). Výsledky: Celkové sebavnímanie týkajúce sa manažmentu chronických rán na pokročilej úrovni bolo hodnotené mierne pozitívne (60 %). Najlepšie hodnotenou oblasťou bola odborná príprava a vzdelávanie, najnižšie bolo klinické vedenie. Celkové sebavnímanie nekorelovalo s rokmi klinickej praxe a medzi zariadeniami sa nezistili žiadne významné rozdiely. Respondenti mali záujem o ďalšie vzdelávanie v oblasti manažmentu rán (70 %). Závery: Na základe výsledkov konštatujeme existenciu predpokladov pre implementáciu špecializovaného povolania v oblasti manažmentu rán na pokročilej úrovni. Výsledky odhaľujú erudíciu i nedostatky. SsPP s adekvátnym vzdelaním a odbornou prípravou by mohli významne podporiť efektivitu a racionalizáciu zdravotnej starostlivosti na Slovensku.

Aim: Chronic wounds represent a significant problem increasing morbidity, disability, and mortality, and severely interfere with patient‘s/family‘s quality of life. Nursing plays an important role. The inconsistency of legislative norms and conditions for nursing practice in Slovakia prevents nurses from practicing their competences in wound care. This has the effect of increasing their professional, salary and social value despite their erudition often at advanced level. The aim of this study was to identify, analyze and assess the performance of Advanced Practice Nurses (APN) working in the field of wound management. Patients and methods: Quantitative cross-sectional study used a self-designed questionnaire based on advanced practice domains in nursing. The research sample consisted of 50 APNs working in wound management. Data collection was carried out in January–February 2021 in three different types of health care facilities. Descriptive and inductive statistical methods (testing correlations and differences) were used in the study. Results: The overall self- perception related to the management of chronic wounds at an advanced level was rated moderately positive (60%). The best rated domain was “Training and education”, the lowest rated was “Clinical leadership”. The overall self-perception did not correlate with years of clinical practice and no significant differences were found among the facilities. Respondents were interested in advanced education in wound management (70%). Conclusions: The results show that there is a prerequisite for pursuing a specialist profession in the field of wound management at an advanced level in Slovakia. The results reveal areas of expertise as well as shortcomings. APN with adequate education and training could significantly support the efficiency and rationalization of health care in Slovakia.

• MeSH
• hojení ran * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• ošetřovatelský výzkum MeSH
• ošetřovatelství - výzkum vyhodnocovací MeSH
• průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH

There is an increased societal trend to engage in microdosing, in which small sub-hallucinogenic amounts of psychedelics are consumed on a regular basis. Following subjective reports that microdosing enhances the experience of nature and art, in the present study we set out to study the effects of psilocybin microdosing on feelings of awe and art perception. In this preregistered combined field- and lab-based study, participants took part in a microdosing workshop after which they volunteered to self-administer a psilocybin microdose or a placebo for three consecutive weeks, while the condition was kept blind to the participants and researchers. Following a 2-week break, the condition assignment was reversed. During each block, participants visited the lab twice to measure the effects of psilocybin microdosing vs. placebo. We used standardized measures of awe, in which participants reported their experiences in response to short videos or when viewing abstract artworks from different painters. Our confirmatory analyses showed that participants felt more awe in response to videos representing funny animals and moving objects in the microdosing compared to the placebo condition. However, about two-third of our participants were breaking blind to their experimental condition. Our exploratory findings suggest that expectancy-effects may be a driving factor underlying the subjective benefits of microdosing.

• MeSH
• estetika MeSH
• halucinogeny * farmakologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
• psilocybin * farmakologie   MeSH
• vztah mezi dávkou a účinkem léčiva MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Práca sa zaoberá hodnotením starostlivosti poskytovanej vo verejnej lekárni z pohľadu dosahovania spokojnosti pacientov/zákazníkov. Očakávania a názory pacientov sú zároveň konfrontované s predpokladmi lekárnikov. Až 82 % pacientov potvrdilo svoju spokojnosť so starostlivosťou, ktorú mu lekárnik venuje. Ako kľúčový faktor pacientovej spokojnosti sa ukázal najmä profesionálny a ľudský prístup lekárnika; 73,6 % pacientov v prieskume akceptovalo lekárnika ako odborníka na lieky. Sebahodnotenie lekárnikov bolo negatívnejšie. Sledovanie a hodnotenie spokojnosti pacientov so starostlivosťou v lekárni je kľúčové pre zvýšenie kvality zdravotníckeho systému a implementáciu farmaceutickej starostlivosti orientovanej na pacienta. Jej reálna aplikácia v praxi však momentálne nemá potrebné podmienky a podporu.

The paper deals with the evaluation of care provided in a public pharmacy in terms of achieving patient / customer satisfaction. Expectations and opinions of patients are also confronted with the assumptions of pharmacists. Up to 82% of patients confirmed their satisfaction with the care given to them by the pharmacist. A key factor of patient satisfaction has proved particularly professional and human approach of pharmacist. 73.6% of patients in the survey accepted pharmacist as an expert on drugs. Pharmacist self-evaluation was more negative. Monitoring and evaluation of patient satisfaction with care delivered in the pharmacy is essential for the improvement of the quality of the health system and the implementation of pharmaceutical care focussed on the patient. The real application of pharmaceutical care in the practice currently lacks the necessary conditions and support.

• MeSH
• farmaceuti MeSH
• farmaceutické služby * MeSH
• hodnotící studie jako téma MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• pacienti MeSH
• pilotní projekty MeSH
• průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
• sběr dat statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• spokojenost pacientů * MeSH
• veřejné lékárenské služby * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH

• Klíčová slova
• modelování účinků extrémního stresu,
• MeSH
• antropometrie MeSH
• behaviorální symptomy MeSH
• behaviorální výzkum MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• ozbrojené síly * MeSH
• průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
• psychická odolnost MeSH
• psychický stres * prevence a kontrola   psychologie   MeSH
• psychofyziologie metody   MeSH
• psychologické testy MeSH
• srdeční frekvence MeSH
• statistika jako téma MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH

The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of ischemic intra-conditioning applied during rest intervals on 30 m sprint performance. Thirty-four trained male (n = 12) and female (n = 22) track and field and rugby athletes volunteered to participate in the study (age = 19.6 ± 4 years; training experience = 5.3 ± 1.9 years). In a randomized and counterbalanced order, participants performed six sets of 30 m sprints under three different testing conditions: without ischemic intra-conditioning, and with ischemic intra-conditioning at 60% or 80% arterial occlusion pressure applied bilaterally before the first trial of the sprint and during the rest periods between all sprint trials. During experimental sessions, subjects perform 6 × 30 m sprints with a 7 min rest interval between attempts. The cuffs were applied following a 1 min rest period and lasted for 5 min before being released at the 6th minute to allow for reperfusion (1 min + 5 min ischemic intra-conditioning + 1 min reperfusion). The two-way repeated measures ANOVA did not show statistically significant condition × set interaction for time of the sprint (p = 0.06; η2 = 0.05). There was also no main effect of ischemic intra-conditioning for any condition (p = 0.190; η2 = 0.05). This study indicates that ischemic intra-conditioning did not enhance the performance of 30 m sprints performed by athletes. However, ischemic intra-conditioning did not decrease performance either.

• MeSH
• lehká atletika * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• odpočinek MeSH
• sportovci MeSH
• sportovní výkon * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

BACKGROUND: Damaged arteries bleeding can cause a life-threatening condition and it is one the main causes of death which can be prevented both on the battlefield and in the civilian environment. In case when severe external bleeding in a limb cannot be controlled by direct pressure a tourniquet should be used. The purpose of this study was to test four different types of tourniquets and to determine which type of tourniquet is effective to be used in the Army of the Czech Republic. METHODS: Four different types of tourniquets were tested: SOFTT, C-A-T Generation 6, C-A-T Generation 7 and the CZ Tactical tourniquet. 59 students of military medicine (35 males and 24 females) from the Faculty of Military Health Sciences volunteered for the study. Each student applied all four types of tourniquets by self-application on the non-dominant upper arm. 20 students applied all four types of tourniquets on the arm as a buddy aid. Tourniquets order was determined by randomization. Time to placement, effectiveness and a subjective assessment of the application were recorded. RESULTS: The C-A-T 7 tourniquet was the fastest applicable one, with 52, 5% of students being able to apply it up to 30 seconds. In the range of 31-60 seconds, 66, 1% of the C-A-T 6 and 54, 2% the CZ Tactical tourniquets were applied. On the contrary, the SOFTT tourniquet, as the only one, 5, 1% exceeded the application time of 2 minutes. The C-A-T 7, the C-A-T 6 and the CZ Tactical tourniquets were more effective (95%, 95% and 86%, respectively) compared with the SOFTT (56%). The correct application was found in men in 89% of the cases, while in women in 74% of the cases. A higher rate of failure was recorded for women in all types of the tourniquets. Average subjective students´ score was in the tourniquet SOFTT 3, 46 (assessment between neutral and difficult), the other tourniquets were assessed between easy and very easy (C-A-T 6 1.63, CZ Tactical tourniquet 1.46 and C-A-T 7 1.34). CONCLUSIONS: The C-A-T 7 tourniquet was best evaluated, followed by the CZ Tactical tourniquet, the C-A-T 6 and the SOFTT.  A significant difference between C-A-T 7, CZ Tactical tourniquet and C-A-T 6 on one side and SOFTT one the other side and a significant difference between male and female correct tourniquet application was found out.

• MeSH
• krvácení terapie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• odborný výcvik MeSH
• pozorovací studie jako téma MeSH
• studenti lékařství MeSH
• turnikety * MeSH
• vojenské lékařství MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH

BACKGROUND: Assessing the relationship between lung cancer and metabolic conditions is challenging because of the confounding effect of tobacco. Mendelian randomization (MR), or the use of genetic instrumental variables to assess causality, may help to identify the metabolic drivers of lung cancer. METHODS AND FINDINGS: We identified genetic instruments for potential metabolic risk factors and evaluated these in relation to risk using 29,266 lung cancer cases (including 11,273 adenocarcinomas, 7,426 squamous cell and 2,664 small cell cases) and 56,450 controls. The MR risk analysis suggested a causal effect of body mass index (BMI) on lung cancer risk for two of the three major histological subtypes, with evidence of a risk increase for squamous cell carcinoma (odds ratio (OR) [95% confidence interval (CI)] = 1.20 [1.01-1.43] and for small cell lung cancer (OR [95%CI] = 1.52 [1.15-2.00]) for each standard deviation (SD) increase in BMI [4.6 kg/m2]), but not for adenocarcinoma (OR [95%CI] = 0.93 [0.79-1.08]) (Pheterogeneity = 4.3x10-3). Additional analysis using a genetic instrument for BMI showed that each SD increase in BMI increased cigarette consumption by 1.27 cigarettes per day (P = 2.1x10-3), providing novel evidence that a genetic susceptibility to obesity influences smoking patterns. There was also evidence that low-density lipoprotein cholesterol was inversely associated with lung cancer overall risk (OR [95%CI] = 0.90 [0.84-0.97] per SD of 38 mg/dl), while fasting insulin was positively associated (OR [95%CI] = 1.63 [1.25-2.13] per SD of 44.4 pmol/l). Sensitivity analyses including a weighted-median approach and MR-Egger test did not detect other pleiotropic effects biasing the main results. CONCLUSIONS: Our results are consistent with a causal role of fasting insulin and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in lung cancer etiology, as well as for BMI in squamous cell and small cell carcinoma. The latter relation may be mediated by a previously unrecognized effect of obesity on smoking behavior.

• MeSH
• fenotyp MeSH
• index tělesné hmotnosti MeSH
• inzulin krev   MeSH
• inzulinová rezistence MeSH
• jednonukleotidový polymorfismus MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• lipidy krev   MeSH
• mendelovská randomizace * MeSH
• nádory plic krev   komplikace   metabolismus   patologie   MeSH
• obezita krev   komplikace   MeSH
• omezení příjmu potravy MeSH
• pravděpodobnostní funkce MeSH
• rizikové faktory MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH