Early detection of malignant thyroid nodules is crucial for effective treatment, but traditional diagnostic methods face challenges such as variability in expert opinions and limited integration of advanced imaging techniques. This prospective cohort study investigates a novel multimodal approach, integrating traditional methods with advanced machine learning techniques. We studied 181 patients who underwent fine-needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy, each contributing one nodule, resulting in a total of 181 nodules for our analysis. Data collection included sex, age, and ultrasound imaging, which incorporated elastography. Features extracted from these images included Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System (TIRADS) scores, elastography parameters, and radiomic features. The pathological results based on the FNA biopsy, provided by the pathologists, served as our gold standard for nodule classification. Our methodology, termed ELTIRADS, combines these features with interpretable machine learning techniques. Performance evaluation showed that a Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifier using TIRADS, elastography data, and radiomic features achieved high accuracy (0.92), with sensitivity (0.89), specificity (0.94), precision (0.89), and F1 score (0.89). To enhance interpretability, we used hierarchical clustering, shapley additive explanations (SHAP), and partial dependence plots (PDP). This combined approach holds promise for enhancing the accuracy of thyroid nodule malignancy detection, thereby contributing to advancements in personalized and precision medicine in the field of thyroid cancer research.

• MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• elastografie * metody   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nádory štítné žlázy diagnostické zobrazování   klasifikace   patologie   diagnóza   MeSH
• prospektivní studie MeSH
• radiomika MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• štítná žláza diagnostické zobrazování   patologie   MeSH
• strojové učení * MeSH
• support vector machine MeSH
• tenkojehlová biopsie MeSH
• uzly štítné žlázy * diagnostické zobrazování   patologie   klasifikace   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Creatine is a nitrogen-containing carboxylic acid and a main component of phosphocreatine. In recent years, creatine is considered as a component of dietary nutrition, to improve the efficiency of physical activity and increase muscle mass of athletes and older people. Creatine has been shown to be able restore cardiac contractility impairment after myocardial infarction. However, as muscle cells do not synthesise creatine, the efficiency of creatine depends on its transmembrane transport. In our study, we evaluated the effect of «ProCreatine» (ProCr), a novel membrane transporter-independent creatine modification on fatigability of the rat gastrocnemius muscle and portal vein smooth muscle using fatigue stimulation pools. Mechanokinetic and biomechanical markers of fatigue in muscles to maintain the level of isometric tension induced by field electrical stimulation were examined. The results indicate that administration of ProCr to skeletal muscle significantly increases maximal force output, integrated muscle contractile force and significantly increases muscle productivity. We observed positive changes in all studied biochemical indices of fatigue. In addition, ProCr increases the duration of sustaining a constant level of isometric contraction in portal vein smooth muscle caused by electrical stimulation by 6 fold. Regular creatine in the same dose had no significant effect on these parameters neither in skeletal nor in smooth muscles. The data obtained suggest the possibility of using ProCr as a therapeutic agent capable of reducing and correcting pathological conditions of the muscular system that arise during the processes of fatigue in skeletal muscles and smooth muscles of hollow organs.

• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

The accumulation of senescent cells drives inflammaging and increases morbidity of chronic inflammatory lung diseases. Immune responses are built upon dynamic changes in cell metabolism that supply energy and substrates for cell proliferation, differentiation, and activation. Metabolic changes imposed by environmental stress and inflammation on immune cells and tissue microenvironment are thus chiefly involved in the pathophysiology of allergic and other immune-driven diseases. Altered cell metabolism is also a hallmark of cell senescence, a condition characterized by loss of proliferative activity in cells that remain metabolically active. Accelerated senescence can be triggered by acute or chronic stress and inflammatory responses. In contrast, replicative senescence occurs as part of the physiological aging process and has protective roles in cancer surveillance and wound healing. Importantly, cell senescence can also change or hamper response to diverse therapeutic treatments. Understanding the metabolic pathways of senescence in immune and structural cells is therefore critical to detect, prevent, or revert detrimental aspects of senescence-related immunopathology, by developing specific diagnostics and targeted therapies. In this paper, we review the main changes and metabolic alterations occurring in senescent immune cells (macrophages, B cells, T cells). Subsequently, we present the metabolic footprints described in translational studies in patients with chronic asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and review the ongoing preclinical studies and clinical trials of therapeutic approaches aiming at targeting metabolic pathways to antagonize pathological senescence. Because this is a recently emerging field in allergy and clinical immunology, a better understanding of the metabolic profile of the complex landscape of cell senescence is needed. The progress achieved so far is already providing opportunities for new therapies, as well as for strategies aimed at disease prevention and supporting healthy aging.

• MeSH
• chronická nemoc MeSH
• chronická obstrukční plicní nemoc metabolismus   farmakoterapie   imunologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• metabolické sítě a dráhy * MeSH
• plicní nemoci etiologie   farmakoterapie   metabolismus   imunologie   MeSH
• stárnutí buněk * účinky léků   MeSH
• stárnutí imunologie   metabolismus   MeSH
• zánět metabolismus   imunologie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

• MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mezinárodní spolupráce MeSH
• odborný výcvik MeSH
• ozbrojené síly MeSH
• vojenské lékařství * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH

Since its early days in the 19th century, medicinal chemistry has concentrated its efforts on the treatment of diseases, using tools from areas such as chemistry, pharmacology, and molecular biology. The understanding of biological mechanisms and signaling pathways is crucial information for the development of potential agents for the treatment of diseases mainly because they are such complex processes. Given the limitations that the experimental approach presents, computational chemistry is a valuable alternative for the study of these systems and their behavior. Thus, classical molecular dynamics, based on Newton's laws, is considered a technique of great accuracy, when appropriated force fields are used, and provides satisfactory contributions to the scientific community. However, as many configurations are generated in a large MD simulation, methods such as Statistical Inefficiency and Optimal Wavelet Signal Compression Algorithm are great tools that can reduce the number of subsequent QM calculations. Accordingly, this review aims to briefly discuss the importance and relevance of medicinal chemistry allied to computational chemistry as well as to present a case study where, through a molecular dynamics simulation of AMPK protein (50 ns) and explicit solvent (TIP3P model), a minimum number of snapshots necessary to describe the oscillation profile of the protein behavior was proposed. For this purpose, the RMSD calculation, together with the sophisticated OWSCA method was used to propose the minimum number of snapshots.

• MeSH
• algoritmy MeSH
• farmaceutická chemie MeSH
• kvantová teorie MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• proteinkinasy aktivované AMP metabolismus   chemie   MeSH
• simulace molekulární dynamiky * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

AIMS: Using thermal-based energy sources [radiofrequency (RF) energy/cryo energy] for catheter ablation is considered effective and safe when performing pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) in patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (AF). However, treatment success remains limited and complications can occur due to the propagation of thermal energy into non-target tissues. We aim to compare pulsed field ablation (PFA) with RF ablation in terms of efficacy and safety for patients with drug-resistant paroxysmal AF. METHODS AND RESULTS: The BEAT PAROX-AF trial is a European multicentre, superiority, open-label randomized clinical trial in two parallel groups. A total of 292 participants were recruited in 9 high-volume European clinical centres in 5 countries. Patients with paroxysmal AF were randomized to PFA (FARAPULSE Endocardial Ablation System©, Boston Scientific) or RF using the CLOSE protocol with contact force sensing catheter (SmartTouch© catheter and CARTO© Biosense Webster). The primary endpoint will be the 1-year recurrence of atrial arrhythmia, and the major secondary safety endpoint will be the occurrence of acute (<7 days) procedure-related serious adverse events, or pulmonary vein stenosis, or atrio-oesophageal fistula up to 12 months. Additionally, five sub-studies investigate the effect of PFA on oesophageal safety, cerebral lesions, cardiac autonomic nervous system, durability of PVI as assessed during redo ablation procedures, and atrial and ventricular function. The study began on 27 December 2021 and concluded recruitment on 17 January 2024. Results will be available in mid-2025. CONCLUSION: The BEAT PAROX-AF trial aims to provide critical insights into the optimal treatment approach for patients with paroxysmal AF.

• MeSH
• fibrilace síní * chirurgie   patofyziologie   diagnóza   terapie   MeSH
• katetrizační ablace * metody   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• recidiva MeSH
• venae pulmonales chirurgie   MeSH
• výsledek terapie MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• multicentrická studie MeSH
• protokol klinické studie MeSH
• srovnávací studie MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Evropa MeSH

Technické riešenie realizácie procesov zameraných na preverovanie zdravotného stavu pri bežnej hraničnej kontrole pred vstupom do EÚ vykazuje značne kom- plexný charakter. Je nutné spoľahlivo a efektívne in- terpretovať odozvy na špecifické podnety v rámci rozličných podmienok prostredia a prípadného výsky- tu bezpečnostného rizika, zahŕňajúc špecifické náro- ky na vybavenie a personálne osadenie v rámci hra- ničného režimu. Komplexný charakter riadenia hraníc doplnený o problematiku zdravotných kontrol viedol k návrhu Mobilného, dátového, odberového a analy- tického centra (MDOAC). V rámci riešenia MDOAC je navrhnuté aktívne využívanie moderných rádiologických metód a techník podporených rýchlym spracovaním a vyhodnotením za pomoci systémov umelej inteligencie. Výhody, ktoré poskytuje synergia medzi oblasťou rádiológie a modernými technológia- mi zbierania a vyhodnocovania dát v reálnom čase, spolu s potrebami minimalizácie fyzického kontaktu medzi potenciálne rizikovým subjektom vyšetrenia a poverenými príslušníkmi Policajného zboru, resp. vyšetrujúcim personálom z radov rádiológov a rádiologických technikov, vykazujú optimálny pod- klad pre naplnenie podmienok a úloh zadefinova- ných v Európskej legislatíve a to predovšetkým v Novom pakte o migrácii a azyle. Realizovaná ana- lýza potrieb mobilného prevedenia navrhovaného centra a zároveň analýza jeho trvalého umiestnenia v stávajúcich priestoroch a areáloch hraničných prie- chodov poukazuje na možnosti zamerania výskumu aj smerom na stacionárne riešenie s orientáciou na využitie všetkých potenciálnych výhod

The technical solution for the implementation of pro- cesses aimed at checking the state of health during normal border control before entering the EU shows a considerably complex nature. It is necessary to in- terpret responses reliably and efficiently to specific stimuli within various environmental conditions and the eventual occurrence of a security risk, summari- zing the specific requirements for equipment and staffing within the border regime. The complex na- ture of border management, supplemented by the issue of health checks, led to proposal of the Mobile, Data, Collection and Analysis Center (MDOAC). As part of the MDOAC solution, the active use of mo- dern radiological methods and techniques supported by rapid processing and evaluation with the help of artificial intelligence systems is proposed. The advan- tages provided by the synergy between the field of radiology and modern technologies of data collec- tion and evaluation in real time, together with the need to minimize physical contact between the po- tentially risky subject of the examination and autho- rized members of the Police Force, resp. examining personnel from the ranks of radiologists and radio- graphers, they show the optimal basis for fulfilling the conditions and tasks defined in European legis- lation, especially in the New Pact on Migration and Asylum. The realized analysis of the needs of the mobile version of the proposed center and at the same time the analysis of its permanent location in the existing premises and areas of the border cros- sings point to the possibilities of focusing the rese- arch also in the direction of a stationary solution with an orientation the use of all potential advanta- ges.

• Klíčová slova
• státní hranice, hraniční kontroly,
• MeSH
• emigrace a imigrace MeSH
• Evropská unie MeSH
• migrace lidstva MeSH
• policie MeSH
• posuzování zdravotní způsobilosti MeSH
• radiologie MeSH
• umělá inteligence MeSH
• zdravotní stav MeSH

The study examines the development of psychology in former Czechoslovakia during the period of "normalization" (1968-1989) and the challenges it faced under the communist regime. The restricted connection to Western psychology and the regime's control over all aspects of human activity negatively influenced the continuity of development in psychology. The regime demanded conformity, leaving individuals, including psychologists, in recurring states of internal conflict and intellectual discomfort when deciding how much to compromise in their personal and professional lives. The study identifies three groups of psychologists based on their adaptability to regime demands. The first group consists of those who aligned themselves with the regime, allowing them to hold positions of leadership and shape the conceptualization of the field. The second group comprises individuals who actively opposed the regime, facing significant limitations in their educational and career opportunities, and mostly being forced to leave the profession. The third group of psychologists belongs to the apolitical gray zone. A significant portion of individuals in this largest group passively complied with established norms and constraints, accepting the restrictions imposed on the development of Czechoslovak psychology. Fortunately, thanks to the persistent efforts of the proactive members of the gray zone and their willingness to endure significant discomfort, an even deeper decline of psychology during the normalization period was prevented. The study provides insights into the topics of education, research, Western influences, and adaptation to the communist regime within Czechoslovak psychology, illuminating the intricacies of living in that historical period. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

• MeSH
• dějiny 20. století MeSH
• individualita * MeSH
• komunismus dějiny   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• psychologie * dějiny   MeSH
• sociální konformita MeSH
• Check Tag
• dějiny 20. století MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• historické články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Československo MeSH

INTRODUCTION: A deeper understanding of personality specifics in military personnel may increase the efficacy of health care professionals in this field. Changes in modern warfare require army officers to make decisions in complicated situations with increasing levels of autonomy. Character is traditionally regarded as a key quality in these dynamics. However, it remains unclear which character strengths are conducive to effective leadership in the military. The present study aims at mapping Czech Army cadets' and professional soldiers' perceptions of the character strengths of those officers, who they consider the best they served under. The study also examined how these perceptions vary across soldiers at different stages of their careers and how much they overlap with the same soldiers' ratings of their own strengths. In addition, a regression analysis, to outline combinations of strengths for various aspects of character-based leadership, was performed. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Respondents (N = 199) were recruited from three different subpopulations of the Czech Army-serving members of two reconnaissance units (N = 38), and 1st (N = 81) and 5th (N = 80) year cadets at the University of Defense. They rated the character strengths of chosen officers and themselves on the Character Strengths Leadership Inventory and the Values in Action Inventory of Strengths Revised. This study was approved by the units' commanding officer and the representatives of the University of Defense. RESULTS: Subordinates rated honesty, leadership, perspective, teamwork, fairness, creativity, love of learning, and zest highest in their chosen officers. These officers' mean profiles strongly correlated in all the three groups (rs = .82-.86). The mean correlation between officers' and respondents' self-reported strengths was not strong (rs = .18). Multiple regression models of the perception of an officer's success, success of their team, them as a leadership example, and them as having a good character, most frequently, involved fairness, honesty, kindness, and social intelligence, while forgiveness was negatively associated with these parameters. CONCLUSIONS: The present study achieved its aims. First, it suggests the officers' character strengths that tend to be most valued by their subordinates among Czech Army cadets and soldiers serving in reconnaissance units. Second, the strong overlap of best officers' character profiles in all groups suggests that this perception may remain stable throughout a soldier's career. Third, the relationship between chosen officers' and respondents' self-reported strengths was negligible, suggesting that the perception of officer's strengths may not be an individual's projection. Fourth, regression models of character-based leadership proposed a combination of character strengths that may contribute to the officer's perceived efficacy. Compared to other studies, the sample included both cadets and military professionals with a proportional number of females being included. These results imply that health care practitioners working with military clients may benefit from the acknowledgment of their specific character strengths, most notably honesty and fairness, while providing care to this population.

• MeSH
• charakter MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• ozbrojené síly * MeSH
• vedení války MeSH
• zpráva o sobě MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH

The genus Acomys is of growing importance to many research fields. Previous research has shown that individuals differ when exploring new environments and that these behavioural strategies are consistent in time. In this study, we subjected 60 commensal Acomys cahirinus (37 males, 23 females) to a series of seven tests (free exploration, forced exploration under bright illumination, forced exploration under low illumination, hole board test, vertical activity test, elevated plus maze, and voluntary wheel running) to acquire independent behavioural traits and investigate whether and how personality develops in spiny mice. The full series of experiments was performed twice during ontogeny: once in the sub-adult stage (tested at 62-72 days of age) and once in the adult stage (102-112 days of age). We found that behaviour of the animals was repeatable both within (range of R values from 0.155 to 0.726) and across the two life-stages (0.238 to 0.563). While the structure of behaviour in adults was rather clear, it had not been fully crystalized in sub-adults, suggesting personality changes during maturation, even though some individual traits might be repeatable across ontogeny. Notably, the most consistent behavioural traits across the different tests were jumping and rearing, which are not commonly reported.

• MeSH
• kognice MeSH
• Murinae MeSH
• osobnost MeSH
• pátrací chování * MeSH
• pohybová aktivita * MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH