formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue sections
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To confirm a diagnosis of malignant lymphomas it is imperative to distinguish between reactive and neoplastic proliferation. The PCR (polymerase chain reaction) is a method that can be used for detection of clonal rearrangements of the immunoglobulin heavy chain (IgH) and T-cell receptor (TCR) genes. This study summarizes the outcomes of PCR analysis of IgH and TCR gene rearrangements in 91 bioptic cases of lymphoproliferative disorders. In the class of B lymphomas we detected clonal IgH rearrangement in nearly 83% of cases and in class of T lymphomas in 81% of cases. We can affirm that PCR analysis of B and T cell clonality on DNA extracted from the whole section of formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue is very suitable for routinely elaborate this. Its influence on the diagnostics of morphological unclear cases in particular, is crucial and is useful in establishing a diagnosis of lymphoid neoplasias in specimens in which histological and immunophenotypic studies are inconclusive.
- MeSH
- financování organizované MeSH
- fixativa MeSH
- formaldehyd MeSH
- genová přestavba T-lymfocytů MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- lymfoproliferativní nemoci diagnóza genetika MeSH
- polymerázová řetězová reakce MeSH
- přestavba genů pro těžké řetězce B-lymfocytů MeSH
- zalévání tkání do parafínu MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- hodnotící studie MeSH
Microsatellite instability (MSI) is present in 15-20% of primary colorectal cancers. MSI status is assessed to detect Lynch syndrome, guide adjuvant chemotherapy, determine prognosis, and use as a companion test for checkpoint blockade inhibitors. Traditionally, MSI status is determined by immunohistochemistry or molecular methods. The Idylla™ MSI Assay is a fully automated molecular method (including automated result interpretation), using seven novel MSI biomarkers (ACVR2A, BTBD7, DIDO1, MRE11, RYR3, SEC31A, SULF2) and not requiring matched normal tissue. In this real-world global study, 44 clinical centers performed Idylla™ testing on a total of 1301 archived colorectal cancer formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue sections and compared Idylla™ results against available results from routine diagnostic testing in those sites. MSI mutations detected with the Idylla™ MSI Assay were equally distributed over the seven biomarkers, and 84.48% of the MSI-high samples had ≥ 5 mutated biomarkers, while 98.25% of the microsatellite-stable samples had zero mutated biomarkers. The concordance level between the Idylla™ MSI Assay and immunohistochemistry was 96.39% (988/1025); 17/37 discordant samples were found to be concordant when a third method was used. Compared with routine molecular methods, the concordance level was 98.01% (789/805); third-method analysis found concordance for 8/16 discordant samples. The failure rate of the Idylla™ MSI Assay (0.23%; 3/1301) was lower than that of referenced immunohistochemistry (4.37%; 47/1075) or molecular assays (0.86%; 7/812). In conclusion, lower failure rates and high concordance levels were found between the Idylla™ MSI Assay and routine tests.
- MeSH
- fixace tkání * MeSH
- fixativa MeSH
- formaldehyd MeSH
- imunohistochemie * MeSH
- kolorektální nádory chemie genetika patologie MeSH
- laboratorní automatizace MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mikrosatelitní nestabilita * MeSH
- mutace * MeSH
- mutační analýza DNA * MeSH
- nádorové biomarkery * analýza genetika MeSH
- prediktivní hodnota testů MeSH
- reprodukovatelnost výsledků MeSH
- zalévání tkání do parafínu * MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- multicentrická studie MeSH
- srovnávací studie MeSH
Immunohistochemical staining with the MIB 1 antibody was used to assess cell proliferation in 30 cases of acinic cell carcinoma of salivary glands. Until now, no prognostic factors have been available for these rare tumours. The MIB 1 monoclonal antibody recognizes the Ki-67 antigen in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues. A MIB 1 index was developed as a means of expressing the percentage of MIB 1-positive tumour cell nuclei, and the tumours were scored without prior information of clinical behaviour. The staining results were then compared with the clinical outcome of the patients. All eight patients who developed tumour recurrences had MIB 1 indices higher than 5 per cent. Tumour recurrences could be predicted even in cases of bland morphology and low mitotic rate. Three patients died of their recurrent tumours, and had MIB 1 indices of 56.2, 12.7, 7.8 per cent in their primary tumours. Five of seven patients with MIB 1 indices higher than 10 per cent had unfavourable outcomes. None of the 17 patients with MIB 1 indices lower than 5 per cent developed recurrences during follow-up periods up to 30 years. The present results indicate that MIB 1 staining appears to be a significant prognostic factor in acinic cell carcinomas of salivary gland origin.
- MeSH
- acinární karcinom * patologie MeSH
- antigen Ki-67 MeSH
- buněčné dělení fyziologie MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- jaderné proteiny * analýza MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- monoklonální protilátky * diagnostické užití MeSH
- nádorové biomarkery * analýza MeSH
- nádorové proteiny * analýza MeSH
- nádory slinných žláz * patologie MeSH
- prognóza MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- zalévání tkání do parafínu MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Soft tissue sarcomas (STSs) are rare heterogeneous tumors with variable clinical course and outcome. The management of STSs depends upon the accurate histopathological diagnosis and assessing their histological grade. Currently, core needle biopsies are becoming increasingly popular for diagnosing STSs but value of histological grading is limited from this type of specimens. To evaluate the immunohistochemical expression of p53, mdm-2, cyclin D1, p16, nm23, EGFR and Ki-67 labelling index in adult STSs patients and their association with histological grade of STSs, we analysed 101 primary untreated STSs of the limbs and trunk using the tissue microarray technique on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue samples. The cases consisted of 15 G1, 28 G2 and 58 G2 sarcomas. Ki-67 labelling index (LI) was calculated from whole block sections for the possibility to select the most proliferative regions. The LI ranged from 1.26 to 75.5% (median 26.7%) and strongly correlated with the mitotic count (p rs for adult patients with STSs and may assist in establishment of the histological grade in STSs.
- MeSH
- čipová analýza tkání metody MeSH
- cyklin D1 analýza MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- erbB receptory analýza MeSH
- imunohistochemie MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- nádorový supresorový protein p53 analýza MeSH
- NM23-nukleosiddifosfátkinasy analýza MeSH
- sarkom chemie patologie MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
AIM: Organic anion-transporting polypeptides OATP1B1 and OATP1B3 are sinusoidal membrane transporters mediating liver uptake of a wide range of substrates including conjugated and unconjugated bilirubin, xenobiotics and drugs. Absence of OATP1Bs in the liver causes Rotor syndrome. Our aim was to correlate OATP1B expression with hyperbilirubinemia in common liver diseases. METHODS: Immunoreactivity of five antibodies against human OATP1Bs was tested on frozen and formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded liver tissue of mouse strains transgenic for SLCO1B1 or SLCO1B3 and on human specimens. The proportion of hepatocytes expressing OATP1Bs was then assessed immunohistologically in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded liver samples obtained from patients with hepatocellular and primary biliary liver diseases. UGT1A1 promoter TATA-box and SLCO1B1 rs4149056 genotyping was performed to rule out individuals predisposed to hyperbilirubinemia. RESULTS: The most specific detection of OATP1B3 was achieved with the H-52 (sc-98981) antibody. OATP1B1 was specifically recognized with the ESL (ab15441) anti-OATP1B1 antibody, but only in frozen sections. The MDQ (ab15442) anti-OATP1B1 antibody cross-reacted with both OATP1B proteins in liver tissue of the transgenic mouse strains. Expression of the OATP1B proteins was decreased in advanced liver diseases and inversely correlated with serum bilirubin levels. The reduction was more pronounced in advanced primary biliary diseases (1.9±1.1 vs. 2.7±0.6; P=0.009). CONCLUSIONS: Down-regulation of OATP1B proteins may contribute to pathogenesis of jaundice accompanying advanced cholestatic liver diseases.
- MeSH
- bilirubin krev MeSH
- biologické markery krev MeSH
- cholestáza diagnóza genetika metabolismus MeSH
- down regulace MeSH
- fixace tkání metody MeSH
- fixativa MeSH
- formaldehyd MeSH
- hepatocyty metabolismus patologie MeSH
- hyperbilirubinemie diagnóza genetika metabolismus MeSH
- imunohistochemie MeSH
- játra metabolismus patologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- myši transgenní MeSH
- přenašeče organických aniontů nezávislé na sodíku genetika metabolismus MeSH
- přenašeče organických aniontů genetika metabolismus MeSH
- retrospektivní studie MeSH
- zalévání tkání do parafínu MeSH
- zmrazené řezy MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Mucoepidermoid carcinomas of salivary gland origin have an uncertain clinical course not directly predictable by histomorphology. The MIB 1 antibody, which detects Ki-67 antigen in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues, was used to study cell proliferation in these tumors. An MIB 1 index was developed to express the percentage of MIB 1-positive proliferating cells, and the results were compared with histomorphological tumor grade and clinical outcome. All patients with MIB 1 indices lower than 10% in their primary tumors had a favorable clinical outcome. Most patients with MIB 1 indices higher than 10% developed a recurrent or metastasizing disease. All patients who died of their tumor or who had persistent tumor had MIB 1 indices higher than 10%. Thus, the MIB 1 index defines two virtually nonoverlapping forms of the disease, an indolent one and an aggressive one. Cell proliferation in mucoepidermoid carcinomas, assessed with the MIB 1 antibody, thus represents a significant prognostic factor for improving the accuracy of conventional histological grading.
- MeSH
- buněčné dělení MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- imunoenzymatické techniky MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- monoklonální protilátky MeSH
- mukoepidermoidní karcinom * patofyziologie patologie MeSH
- nádory slinných žláz * patofyziologie patologie MeSH
- následné studie MeSH
- prognóza MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- zalévání tkání do parafínu MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
BACKGROUND: Clinical laboratories routinely use formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue or cell block cytology samples in oncology panel sequencing to identify mutations that can predict patient response to targeted therapy. To understand the technical error due to FFPE processing, a robustly characterized diploid cell line was used to create FFPE samples with four different pre-tissue processing formalin fixation times. A total of 96 FFPE sections were then distributed to different laboratories for targeted sequencing analysis by four oncopanels, and variants resulting from technical error were identified. RESULTS: Tissue sections that fail more frequently show low cellularity, lower than recommended library preparation DNA input, or target sequencing depth. Importantly, sections from block surfaces are more likely to show FFPE-specific errors, akin to "edge effects" seen in histology, while the inner samples display no quality degradation related to fixation time. CONCLUSIONS: To assure reliable results, we recommend avoiding the block surface portion and restricting mutation detection to genomic regions of high confidence.
Laserová záchytná mikrodisekce (Laser capture microdissection, LCM) je rychlá a spolehlivá metoda, která umožňuje izolaci cílových buněk ze specifického komplexu tkáně pro jejich následnou molekulární nebo proteinovou analýzu. Základem LCM je inverzní mikroskop se zabudovaným nízkovýkonnostním infračerveným laserem. Nařezané tkáně jsou upevněny na standardní podložní sklo a termoplastická membrána (TM) je umístuna nad dehydratovaný preparát. V ohnisku laserového mikroskopu je umístněna TM, kterou laser roztaví v požadovaném místě a naváže tak cílovou buňku či strukturu k membráně. V současné době máme k dispozici několik laserových mikrodisekčních systémů, které se liší způsobem zachycení disekovaných buněk, v konfiguraci systému i v jednotlivých aplikacích. Laserovou mikrodisekci lze použít pro izolaci buněk u řady typů buněčných i tkáňových preparátů, včetně zamražených vzorků, formalínem fixovaných parafinizovaných tkání či cytologických preparátů. V závislosti na použitém materiálu je možno z mikrodisekovaných buněk extrahovat DNA, RNA či proteiny v dobré kvalitě. Kombinací s dalšími technikami, jako je například cDNA microarray, LCM pomáhá identifikovat nové diagnostické a prognostické znaky vedoucí ke zlepšení diagnosticko terapeutických metod v léčbě onkologických onemocnění. Na našem pracovišti jsme laserovou mikrodisekcí izolovali buňky z cytologických preparátů adenokarcinomu plic získaných punkční cytologií zmražených či parafinizovaných nádorů a také buněčné linie, např. myeloidní leukemii K562. V této práci popisujeme naše zkušenosti se zavedením LCM s následnou mikroizolací DNA/RNA a lineární amplifikací DNA/RNA pro účely dalších genetických analýz jako je např. komparativní genomická hybridizace, expresní studie, či přímé sekvenování vyšetřovaných genů z biologického materiálu s minimálním obsahem nádorových buněk, či pro studium nádorové heterogenity na jednobuněčné úrovni.
Laser capture microdissection (LCM) is a rapid, reliable method to obtain pure populations of targeted cells from specific microscopic regions of tissue sections for subsequent analysis. LCM is based on the adherence of visually selected cells to a thermoplastic membrane, which overlies the dehydrated tissue section and is focally melted by triggering of a low energy infrared laser pulse. Tissue sections are mounted on standard glass slides, and transparent thermoplastic membrane is then placed over the dry section. The laser provides enough energy to transiently melt this thermoplastic film in to the target cells. Several systems are available for LCM, and vary in cell-capture method, system configuration and applications. LCM was applied to a wide range of cell and tissue preparations including frozen samples, formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues or cytology smears. Depending on the starting material, DNA, good quality mRNA, and proteins can by extracted successfully from captured tissue fragments, down to the single cell level. In combination with another techniques like expression library construction and cDNA array hybridisation, LCM will allow the establishment of new diagnostic and prognostic markers, in order to indicate therapy individually tailored to the molecular profile of a given tumour. In this paper we refer our experiences with the LCM isolation of single cells from cytology smears of lung carcinomas, frozen and paraffin embedded tumour tissues as well as cell line cytospin preparation. Our ultimate goal was to introduce LCM technology in combination with DNA/RNA isolation and linear amplification for subsequent genomic analyses such as comparative genomic hybridisation, RNA expression studies and specific amplifications of investigated genes from tissue specimens with minority of tumour cells and/or for tumour heterogeneity studies based on one the single cell level.
- MeSH
- erbB receptory genetika izolace a purifikace MeSH
- financování organizované MeSH
- geny erbB-1 genetika MeSH
- geny ras genetika MeSH
- hybridizace genetická MeSH
- lasery využití MeSH
- lékařská onkologie metody trendy MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mikrodisekce metody přístrojové vybavení využití MeSH
- odběr biologického vzorku metody využití MeSH
- srovnávací genomová hybridizace MeSH
- techniky amplifikace nukleových kyselin metody přístrojové vybavení využití MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- přehledy MeSH
BACKGROUND: The treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients is correlated with the efficacy of immune checkpoint blockade therapy (ICB) targeting programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) or its cognate receptor (PD-1) on cancer cells or infiltrating immune cells. Analysis of PD-L1/PD-1 expression in tumor tissue represents a crucial step before PD-L1/PD-1 blocker usage. METHODS: We used directed evolution of protein variants derived from a 13 kDa Myomedin loop-type combinatorial library with 12 randomized amino acid residues to select high-affinity binders of human PD-L1 (hPD-L1). After the ribosome display, individual clones were screened by ELISA. Detailed analysis of binding affinity and kinetics was performed using LigandTracer. The specificity of Myomedins was assessed using fluorescent microscopy on HEK293T-transfected cells and cultured cancer cells in vitro, formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) sections of human tonsils, and FFPE tumor samples of NSCLC patients. RESULTS: Seven identified PD-L1 binders, called MLE, showed positive staining for hPD-L1 on transfected HEK293T cells and cultured MCF-7 cells. MLE031, MLE105, MLE249, and MLE309 exhibited high affinity to both human and mouse PD-L1-transfected HEK293T cells measured with LigandTracer. The diagnostic potential of MLE variants was tested on human tonsillitis tissue and compared with diagnostic anti-PD-L1 antibody DAKO 28-8 and PD-L1 IHC 22C3 pharmDx antibody. MLE249 and MLE309 exhibited an excellent overlap with diagnostic DAKO 28-8 (Pearson ́s coefficient (r) = 0.836 and 0.731, respectively) on human tonsils on which MLE309 exhibited also excellent overlap with diagnostic 22C3 antibody (r = 0.876). Using three NSCLC tissues, MLE249 staining overlaps with 28-8 antibody (r = 0.455-0.883), and MLE309 exhibited overlap with 22C3 antibody (r = 0.534-0.619). Three MLE proteins fused with Fc fragments of rabbit IgG, MLE249-rFc, MLE309-rFc and MLE031-rFc, exhibited very good overlap with anti-PD-L1 antibody 28-8 on tonsil tissue (r = 0.691, 0.610, and 0.667, respectively). Finally, MLE249-rFc, MLE309-rFc and MLE031-rFc exhibited higher sensitivity in comparison to IHC 22C3 antibody using routine immunohistochemistry staining system Ventana, which is one of gold standards for PD-L1 diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS: We demonstrated the development of MLE Myomedins specifically recognizing hPD-L1 that may serve as a refinement tool for clinical PD-L1 detection.
The Banff working group on preimplantation biopsy was established to develop consensus criteria (best practice guidelines) for the interpretation of preimplantation kidney biopsies. Digitally scanned slides were used (i) to evaluate interobserver variability of histopathologic findings, comparing frozen sections with formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue of wedge and needle core biopsies, and (ii) to correlate consensus histopathologic findings with graft outcome in a cohort of biopsies from international medical centers. Intraclass correlations (ICCs) and univariable and multivariable statistical analyses were performed. Good to fair reproducibility was observed in semiquantitative scores for percentage of glomerulosclerosis, arterial intimal fibrosis and interstitial fibrosis on frozen wedge biopsies. Evaluation of frozen wedge and core biopsies was comparable for number of glomeruli, but needle biopsies showed worse ICCs for glomerulosclerosis, interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy. A consensus evaluation form is provided to help standardize the reporting of histopathologic lesions in donor biopsies. It should be recognized that histologic parameters may not correlate with graft outcome in studies based on organs deemed to be acceptable after careful clinical assessment. Significant limitations remain in the assessment of implantation biopsies.
- MeSH
- dárci tkání * MeSH
- jehlová biopsie MeSH
- konsensus MeSH
- ledviny patologie chirurgie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- transplantace ledvin * MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
