general intermediate
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... the wild, protect -- 46 Countries, nationality and language Poland, the Far East, the French, in general ...
New edition 263 s. : il.
... Using this book 1 -- Phonemic symbols 3 -- Effective vocabulary learning -- 1 Learning vocabulary - general ... ... only occur in the plural headquarters, binoculars, scissors -- English Vocabulary in Use (Upper-intermediate ... ... last -- 71 Distances and dimensions length, faraway, stretch iv English Vocabulary in Use (Upper-intermediate ... ... difficulty manage, compromise, cope -- Idiomatic expressions -- 78 Idioms and fixed expressions - general ... ... admission -- Answer key 204 -- Index 281 -- Acknowledgements 309 -- English Vocabulary in Use (Upper-intermediate ...
1st ed. vi, 309 s. : il.
Slogan „Dobré zdraví je dobrý obchod“ je všeobecně akceptován profesionály v bezpečnosti a ochraně zdraví při práci. Faktem je, že pravda tohoto sloganu je evidentní pouze na národní úrovni a na úrovni relativně velkých podniků, u kterých je statistická pravděpodobnost ve shodě se skutečnými počty pracovních úrazů a nemocí z povolání. V malých podnicích a mikropodnicích však zaměstnavatelé často pociťují, že stojí za to vyzkoušet si své štěstí v „bezpečnostní loterii“ a zanedbávají bezpečnost a ochranu zdraví při práci ve víře, že následky je nezasáhnou. Bohužel toto chování může být považováno za racionální v případech podniků s krátkou životností z pohledu přísně ekonomického, ovšem z hlediska legislativního je naprosto protiprávní.
The slogan “Good health is good business” is generally accepted by professionals in the field of the occupational safety and health protection. The validity of this slogan is obvious only at the national level and at the level of rather big companies, in which the statistical probability is in agreement with actual numbers of occupational injuries and diseases. However, in small companies and “microcompanies” the employers often feel that they could tempt providence in the “safety lottery” with neglecting the occupational safety and health protection and they believe that they will not suffer the punishment. This behaviour can be unfortunately considered as reasonable from strictly economic standpoint in short-lived companies, but from the legislative point of view it is completely unlawful.
Úvod: Mobbing je nežádoucí jev, vyznačující se opakovaným výskytem nepřátelského chování, které se opakuje minimálně jednou týdně v posledních šesti měsících. Výskyt mobingu na pracovišti má negativní vliv na psychické a fyzické zdraví. Mezi zdravotníky jsou sestry nejohroženější skupinou pro výskyt mobbingu. General Health Questionnaire-28 (GHQ-28) je screeningový nástroj umožňující posouzení aktuálního fyzického, psychického stavu a odhalení krátkodobých poruch zdraví u dospělých osob. Cíl: Zjistit míru výskytu mobbingu a jeho dopady na zdraví u vybraného vzorku sester. Provést jazykovou validaci screeningového nástroje General Health Questionnaire-28. Metody: Vzorek respondentů tvořilo 176 sester akutní lůžkové péče. Byly použity nástroje Negative Acts Questionnaire-Revised a General Health Questionnaire-28. GHQ-28 byl do českého jazyka validizován metodou zpětného překladu. Výsledky: Míra mobbingu u vybraného vzorku sester je 28,74 %. Mobbované sestry udávají častější bolesti hlavy, úzkost, podrážděnost, Statisticky byl prokázán negativní vliv mobbingu na zdraví sester ve vybraném vzorku na hladině nízké významnosti. Česká verze GHQ-28 prokázala vysokou obsahovou validitu a vnitřní konzistenci. Závěr: Sestry zapojené do studie uvedly, že mají zkušenost s výskytem mobbingu na pracovišti v posledních šesti měsících a hlásí poruchy zdraví, které mohou s mobbingem souviset. Odhalení míry výskytu mobbingu a s ním spojených dopadů, může pozitivně ovlivnit navrhované strategie řešení a prevenci
Introduction: Mobbing is a negative phenomenon described as being exposed to negative behaviour at least once a week for six months. The occurrence of mobbing in the workplace negatively influences mental and physical health. Nurses are more likely to experience mobbing than other healthcare professionals.GHQ-28 is a screening tool enabling the evaluation of current physical and mental health and the exposure of shorttime health disorders at adults. Aim: Determine the measure of the occurrence of mobbing and its impact on health at selected sample of nurses. Implement the linguistic validation of the screening tool GHQ-28. Method: The group consisted of 176 nurses working in the acute care department. NAQ-R (Negative Acts Questionnaire-Revised) and GHQ-28 (General Health Questionnaire-28) tools were used. The linguistic validation of the GHQ-28 from English to Czech was performed using the back-translation method. Results: In total 28,74 % of selected nurses experienced mobbing. Nurses who are being mobbed are exposed to high headache, anxiety and irritation. Statistically, a negative influence of mobbing on the health of the selected nurses was proved on low significance level. The Czech version of GHQ-28 to revealed high content validity and internal consistency. Conclusion: Nurses who participated in the study stated to have experienced the occurrence of mobbing in the workplace in the last 6 months and they declared to have health disorders which might be related to mobbing. The revelation of the occurrence of mobbing and related impacts could positively influence suggested solution strategies and prevention
- Klíčová slova
- mobbing,
- MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- kvalita života MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- pracovní stres MeSH
- průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
- psychický stres MeSH
- šikana * psychologie MeSH
- zdravotní sestry * psychologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Acta radiologica. 407, ISSN 0365-5954 Supplementum Vol. 37
54 s. : il. ; 30
Single-miracidium infections of Lymnaea cubensis (Pfeiffer) from Guadeloupe with the giant liver fluke Fascioloides magna (Bassi, 1875) (Digenea) were carried out during five successive snail generations to determine if this lymnaeid might sustain complete larval development of the parasite. Controls were constituted by a French population of Galba truncatula (Miller) (a single generation) infected according to the same protocol. It was recorded that prevalence and intensity of F. magna infection in L. cubensis progressively increased from F1 to F5 generations. Cercarial shedding of F. magna was noted only within F5 generation of L. cubensis. However, most measured parameters of infection in this species were significantly lower than those noted for G. truncatula and most L. cubensis died after a single shedding wave. Despite this, L. cubensis can be added to the list of potential intermediate hosts of F. magna.
- MeSH
- Fasciolidae fyziologie MeSH
- interakce hostitele a parazita MeSH
- Lymnaea parazitologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
The kidney-specific gene UMOD encodes for uromodulin, the most abundant protein excreted in normal urine. Rare large-effect variants in UMOD cause autosomal dominant tubulointerstitial kidney disease (ADTKD), while common low-impact variants strongly associate with kidney function and the risk of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in the general population. It is unknown whether intermediate-effect variants in UMOD contribute to CKD. Here, candidate intermediate-effect UMOD variants were identified using large-population and ADTKD cohorts. Biological and phenotypical effects were investigated using cell models, in silico simulations, patient samples, and international databases and biobanks. Eight UMOD missense variants reported in ADTKD are present in the Genome Aggregation Database (gnomAD), with minor allele frequency (MAF) ranging from 10-5 to 10-3. Among them, the missense variant p.Thr62Pro is detected in ∼1/1,000 individuals of European ancestry, shows incomplete penetrance but a high genetic load in familial clusters of CKD, and is associated with kidney failure in the 100,000 Genomes Project (odds ratio [OR] = 3.99 [1.84 to 8.98]) and the UK Biobank (OR = 4.12 [1.32 to 12.85). Compared with canonical ADTKD mutations, the p.Thr62Pro carriers displayed reduced disease severity, with slower progression of CKD and an intermediate reduction of urinary uromodulin levels, in line with an intermediate trafficking defect in vitro and modest induction of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Identification of an intermediate-effect UMOD variant completes the spectrum of UMOD-associated kidney diseases and provides insights into the mechanisms of ADTKD and the genetic architecture of CKD.
- MeSH
- chronická renální insuficience * genetika MeSH
- heterozygot MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mutace MeSH
- uromodulin * genetika MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
BACKGROUND: The wheat tribe Triticeae (Poaceae) is a diverse group of grasses representing a textbook example of reticulate evolution. Apart from globally important grain crops, there are also wild grasses which are of great practical value. Allohexaploid intermediate wheatgrass, Thinopyrum intermedium (2n = 6x = 42), possesses many desirable agronomic traits that make it an invaluable source of genetic material useful in wheat improvement. Although the identification of its genomic components has been the object of considerable investigation, the complete genomic constitution and its potential variability are still being unravelled. To identify the genomic constitution of this allohexaploid, four accessions of intermediate wheatgrass from its native area were analysed by sequencing of chloroplast trnL-F and partial nuclear GBSSI, and genomic in situ hybridization. RESULTS: The results confirmed the allopolyploid origin of Thinopyrum intermedium and revealed new aspects in its genomic composition. Genomic heterogeneity suggests a more complex origin of the species than would be expected if it originated through allohexaploidy alone. While Pseudoroegneria is the most probable maternal parent of the accessions analysed, nuclear GBSSI sequences suggested the contribution of distinct lineages corresponding to the following present-day genera: Pseudoroegneria, Dasypyrum, Taeniatherum, Aegilops and Thinopyrum. Two subgenomes of the hexaploid have most probably been contributed by Pseudoroegneria and Dasypyrum, but the identity of the third subgenome remains unresolved satisfactorily. Possibly it is of hybridogenous origin, with contributions from Thinopyrum and Aegilops. Surprising diversity of GBSSI copies corresponding to a Dasypyrum-like progenitor indicates either multiple contributions from different sources close to Dasypyrum and maintenance of divergent copies or the presence of divergent paralogs, or a combination of both. Taeniatherum-like GBSSI copies are most probably pseudogenic, and the mode of their acquisition by Th. intermedium remains unclear. CONCLUSIONS: Hybridization has played a key role in the evolution of the Triticeae. Transfer of genetic material via extensive interspecific hybridization and/or introgression could have enriched the species' gene pools significantly. We have shown that the genomic heterogeneity of intermediate wheatgrass is higher than has been previously assumed, which is of particular concern to wheat breeders, who frequently use it as a source of desirable traits in wheat improvement.
BACKGROUND: Epidermolysis bullosa simplex (EBS) is an inherited skin disorder caused by mutations in the keratin 5 (KRT5) and keratin 14 (KRT14) genes, with fragility of basal keratinocytes leading to epidermal cytolysis and blistering. OBJECTIVES: In this study, we characterized mutations in KRT5 and KRT14 genes in patients with EBS and investigated their possible structure-function correlations. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Mutations were characterized using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and DNA sequencing. Further, to explore possible correlations with function, the structural effects of the mutations in segment 2B of KRT5 and KRT14 and associated with EBS in our patients, as well as those reported previously, were modelled by molecular dynamics with the aid of the known crystal structure of the analogous segment of human vimentin. RESULTS: We have identified mutations in the KRT5 and KRT14 genes in 16 of 23 families affected by EBS in the Czech Republic. Eleven different sequence variants were found, of which four have not been reported previously. Novel mutations were found in two patients with the EBS-Dowling-Meara variant (EBS-DM) [KRT14-p.Ser128Pro and KRT14-p.Gln374_Leu387dup(14)] and in three patients with localized EBS (KRT14-p.Leu136Pro and KRT5-p.Val143Ala). Molecular dynamics studies show that the mutations p.Glu411del and p.Ile467Thr perturb the secondary alpha-helical structure of the mutated polypeptide chain, the deletion p.Glu411del in KRT14 has a strong but only local influence on the secondary structure of KRT14, and the structural impact of the mutation p.Ile467Thr in KRT5 is spread along the helix to the C-terminus. In all the other point mutations studied, the direct structural impact was significantly weaker and did not destroy the alpha-helical pattern of the secondary protein structure. The changes of 3-D structure of the KRT5/KRT14 dimer induced by the steric structural impact of the single point mutations, and the resulting altered inter- and intramolecular contacts, are spread along the protein helices to the protein C-terminus, but the overall alpha-helical character of the secondary structure is not destroyed and the atomic displacements induced by mutations cause only limited-scale changes of the quaternary structure of the dimer. CONCLUSIONS: The results of molecular modelling show relationships between patients' phenotypes and the structural effects of individual mutations.
- MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- epidermolysis bullosa simplex genetika patologie MeSH
- fenotyp MeSH
- fluorescenční mikroskopie MeSH
- genetická predispozice k nemoci MeSH
- intermediární filamenta ultrastruktura MeSH
- keratin-14 genetika MeSH
- keratin-5 genetika MeSH
- kůže ultrastruktura MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- molekulární modely MeSH
- mutace MeSH
- předškolní dítě MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- předškolní dítě MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
