• Keywords
• kokontrakce pažních svalů, stabilizace pánve,
• MeSH
• Gait physiology   MeSH
• Walking physiology   MeSH
• Adult MeSH
• Electromyography MeSH
• Data Interpretation, Statistical MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Pelvis physiology   MeSH
• Shoulder physiology   MeSH
• Statistics as Topic MeSH
• Research statistics & numerical data   MeSH
• Weight-Bearing physiology   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Adult MeSH
• Humans MeSH

• Keywords
• profese sestry, nordic walking,
• MeSH
• Yoga MeSH
• Workload MeSH

• Keywords
• vertikální výkyvy těžiště, předklon trupu, turistická chůze,
• MeSH
• Biomechanical Phenomena * MeSH
• Gait * MeSH
• Empirical Research MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Young Adult MeSH
• Musculoskeletal Physiological Phenomena MeSH
• Posture MeSH
• Walking Speed MeSH
• Statistics as Topic MeSH
• Students MeSH
• Education, Graduate MeSH
• Tourism MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Young Adult MeSH

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of increasing load on changes in the muscle activity ratio and onset of vastus medialis (VM), vastus lateralis (VL) and biceps femoris (BF) during load-carrying walking. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixteen strength-trained men performed an isometric test for knee flexion/extension using a dynamometer followed by walking with progressively increasing loads of up to 75% of their body mass (BM). During the isometric tests and load-carrying walking, electromyography (EMG) data were collected from the VM, VL and BF in both legs together with 3D kinematics. RESULTS: Significant changes in the activity ratio were found for the VM/VL (F3,93=5.92, p=0.0001) and VL onset (F3,81=6.8, p=0.0004). Other parameters showed no significant differences. VM/VL was significantly reduced between the 50BM (mean±SD: 0.89±0.4) and the 75BM condition (0.81±0.3). VL onset was significantly accelerated between the BM (26.11±8) compare and the 25% BM (19.47±9), 50% BM (21.21±10) and 75% BM (15.45±6) conditions. CONCLUSION: Load-carrying walking is an exercise and movement activity that increases the activity of VL more than the activity of VM and accelerates the VL action together with the increased load, which can negatively influence knee stability. The VM/VL ratio and onset is equal when walking under weight-bearing conditions. The inter-muscular coordination is changed due to the increased load in complex movements even in individuals with high level of neuromuscular adaptation.

• MeSH
• Biomechanical Phenomena MeSH
• Walking physiology   MeSH
• Quadriceps Muscle innervation   physiology   MeSH
• Adult MeSH
• Electromyography MeSH
• Knee innervation   physiology   MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Resistance Training MeSH
• Muscle Strength physiology   MeSH
• Weight-Bearing physiology   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Adult MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Male MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH

This study compares the electromyographic (EMG) peak amplitude changes of gluteus medius (Gmed), vastus medialis (VMO), vastus lateralis (VL) and biceps femoris (BF) during load carrying walking due to the increased load. The percentage of maximum isometric voluntary contractions (%MVIC) of both limbs and 3D kinematic of lower limbs were detected on eighteen resistance-trained men (mean age ± SD, 31 ± 3.4 years) while carrying loads of 25, 50 and 75% of their body mass (BM). The repeated measurement ANOVA was used to evaluate the differences in muscles %MVIC and 3D kinematics at all load conditions. Significant differences were found for Gmed %MVIC (F3,99 = 19.8, p < 0.001). Gmed activity was significantly different between load carrying walking with 25% of BM (mean ± SD, 20 ± 12%MVIC), 50% of BM (32 ± 17%MVIC) and 75% of BM (45 ± 26%MVIC) condition. Differences were found in hip flexion at Gmed EMG peak (F3,96 = 14, p < 0.001), between 25% of BM (18 ± 11°) and 50% of BM (29 ± 7°). No significant differences were found for thigh muscles, when thigh muscle activity did not exceed 30%MVIC even at 75% of BM condition. Load carrying walking is an exercise which activates Gmed more than thigh muscles. This exercise increases the Gmed activity along with increased loads and it should be regarded as a complex Gmed strengthening exercise. This exercise is recommended for strengthening the Gmed with low activation of VL and VMO.

• MeSH
• Biomechanical Phenomena MeSH
• Walking * physiology   MeSH
• Adult MeSH
• Electromyography * MeSH
• Buttocks MeSH
• Isometric Contraction physiology   MeSH
• Muscle, Skeletal * MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Thigh MeSH
• Muscle Contraction MeSH
• Weight-Bearing * MeSH
• Check Tag
• Adult MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Male MeSH
• Publication type
• Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH

Práce se zabývá výsledky pilotního výzkumu, který zjišťuje rozdíly v zatížení u bipedální a kvadrupedální chůze. Šetření bylo zaměřeno na ověření vhodného metodického postupu pro měření širšího vzorku populace, stanovení vhodných rychlostí, potřebných délek měřených úseků a sklonu terénů. Z výsledků vyplynuly základní rozdíly v zatížení mezi oběma typy chůze a možnost srovnání s uznávanými doporučeními pro udržení nebo zlepšení fyzické kondice u běžné populace. Dosažené výsledky případové studie s jedním probandem byly zajímavé zejména z pohledu nárůstu množství rozdílů mezi oběma typy chůze se zvýšením rychlostí a obtížností terénu.

The work deals with the results of a pilot research to aimed at the diff erences in load of bipedal and quadrupedal walking. The aim of the investigation was to verify appropriate methodological procedures for measuring a wider sample of population, determining the appropriate speed, the required length of the measured sections and of terrain gradient. Consecutively we could learn the fundamental diff erences of load intensity and work out the recommendations to maintain or improve physical fi tness of the gene ral population. The results of our study with one proband were particularly attractive in terms of diff erences between the two types of walking with increasing speed and level of terrain.

• Keywords
• intenzita, výdej energie,
• MeSH
• Walking physiology   MeSH
• Energy Metabolism MeSH
• Ergometry methods   utilization   MeSH
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Pilot Projects MeSH
• Dependent Ambulation physiology   classification   MeSH
• Athletic Performance MeSH
• Sports MeSH
• Statistics as Topic MeSH
• Physical Exertion MeSH
• Exercise Test methods   utilization   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Male MeSH

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to assess the relative load of the midfoot and the metatarsals of both feet when schoolchildren walked with backpacks of different loads. METHODS: A group of 12 healthy girls (9.9 ± 0.8 years; 33.8 ± 6.7 kg, 1.40 ± 0.10 m) walked barefoot to assess plantar pressures during gait without load (L0%) and with a loaded backpack equal to 10% (L10%) and 20% (L20%) of their body weight. A Footscan® system (RSscan International, Belgium) was used to determine the contact area and relative pressure impulse in the midfoot and metatarsals on the dominant (DL) and non-dominant legs (NL). RESULTS: The effect of load was significant for the contact area of the midfoot for both NL (p = 0.013) and DL (p = 0.001). In the metatarsals, there was significantly greater relative impulse during L10% compared to L0% in the first (p = 0.041) and second (p = 0.050) metatarsals of the DL. Comparing the NL and DL showed significantly greater relative impulse on the DL in the fourth metatarsal during L10% (p = 0.023), greater contact area in the fifth metatarsal during L0% (p = 0.050), and greater impulse in the midfoot during L20% (p = 0.028) on the NL. CONCLUSIONS: The school backpack load influences relative plantar pressure distribution, especially in the midfoot. Further, our findings suggest greater propulsion of the DL and supporting function of the NL.

• MeSH
• Biomechanical Phenomena MeSH
• Walking * MeSH
• Child MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Schools * MeSH
• Pressure MeSH
• Weight-Bearing MeSH
• Check Tag
• Child MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Female MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH

Cíl: Cílem studie bylo analyzovat efekt různých podmínek dvojího úkolu na rychlost chůze u starších dospělých s kognitivním poklesem a porovnat s kontrolní skupinou kognitivně intaktních jedinců. Soubor a metodika: Celkem bylo do průřezové studie zařazeno 50 účastníků (25 probandů s kognitivním poklesem dle Montreal Cognitive Assessment [MoCA] ≤ 25 v průměrném věku 69,6 ± 9,4 let; 25 kognitivně intaktních probandů s MoCA ≥ 26 v průměrném věku 59,5 ± 7,0 let). Pro analýzu vlivu obtížnosti jednotlivých úkolů s největším projevem interference byl vypočítán efekt dvojího úkolu (dual-task effect; DTE) na rychlost chůze v šesti podmínkách náhodného pořadí. Byl hodnocen za komfortní a maximální rychlosti chůze v kombinaci s vizuálně-verbálním Stroopovým testem a motorickým úkolem. Výsledky: Náklady dvojího úkolu (negativní DTE) během 10minutového testu chůze (10MWT) v kombinaci s vizuálně-verbálním Stroopovým testem s prioritizací na maximální rychlost chůze byly dle Wilcoxonova párového testu u skupiny starších jedinců s kognitivním poklesem statisticky významně vyšší (p < 0,001) než zpomalení na základě motorického úkolu při komfortní a maximální rychlosti. Dle Mann-Whitneyho testu bylo také prokázáno, že náklady na dvojí úkol při maximální rychlosti chůze během kognitivního úkolu jsou u starších jedinců s kognitivním poklesem významně vyšší (p = 0,017). Závěr: Zvýšené interferenční účinky spojené se snížením rychlosti chůze nejvíce vykazovala situace v kombinaci kognitivně-motorické zátěže za účinků rozdělené pozornosti. Může tak poskytnout nový směr v detekci starších dospělých s vysokým rizikem demence pro potencionální klinické využití.

Aim: The aim of the study was to analyze the effect of different dual task conditions on walking speed in older adults with cognitive decline and to compare this with a control group of cognitively intact subjects. Patients and methods: A total of 50 participants were included in this cross-sectional study (25 probands with cognitive decline according to the Montreal Cognitive Assessment [MoCA] ≤ 25 at a mean age of 69.6 ± 9.4 years; 25 cognitively intact probands with MoCA ≥ 26 at a mean age of 59.5 ± 7.0 years). To analyze the effect of single-task difficulty with the greatest interference, the dual-task effect (DTE) on walking speed was calculated in six random-order conditions assessed under comfortable walking speed, and at maximal walking speed in combination with the visual-verbal Stroop test and the motor task. Results: The dual-task cost (negative DTE) during the 10 Meter Walk Test (10MWT) combined with the visual-verbal Stroop test with prioritization to maximal walking speed was statistically significantly higher (P < 0.001) than the motor task-based slowing at comfortable and maximal speed according to the Wilcoxon paired test for the group of older people with cognitive decline. According to the Mann-Whitney test, the dual-task cost at maximum walking speed during the cognitive task was also shown to be significantly higher (P = 0.017) in older people with cognitive decline. Conclusion: Increased interference effects associated with reduced walking speed were most pronounced in situations with combined cognitive-motor load under divided attention effects. Thus, it may provide a new direction in the detection of older adults at a high risk of dementia for potential clinical use.

• Keywords
• dvojí úkol,
• MeSH
• Cognition Disorders pathology   MeSH
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Cross-Sectional Studies MeSH
• Walking Speed * MeSH
• Aged MeSH
• Statistics as Topic MeSH
• Mental Status and Dementia Tests * MeSH
• Check Tag
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Male MeSH
• Aged MeSH
• Female MeSH
• Publication type
• Clinical Study MeSH

INTRODUCTION: The subject of this study was the creation of a new type of laboratory walking stress test for the Special Forces of the Army of the Czech Republic. This study developed a test model that has been validated in practice and that reflects the fact that the performance of endurance without and with a load varies considerably. Especially, if we focus on operators, as their activities are always performed with loads/full gear (equipment, weapons, equipment, etc.). MATERIALS AND METHODS: 24 men/operators from the Special Forces of the Army of the Czech Republic volunteered for this study. The maximal exercise test/spiroergometry was designed to include performance at a load of 55 kg/121 lb, a constant speed of 5.3 km/h, and an increase in incline angle of 1 degree after each elapsed minute. The test was performed on a treadmill under standard time, location, and temperature conditions. During the test, the following values were recorded: VO2 = oxygen consumption indicating the intensity of the exercise was monitored, VO2/kg = oxygen consumption converted to body weight, VO2/HR = pulse oxygen (the amount of oxygen converted in one heartbeat), HR = heart rate, VE = ventilation, volume of air exhaled in 1 min, breathe frequency (BF) = respiratory rate in 1 min. RESULTS: Out of the total number of 24 respondents, the study found these mean values of variables. The variable mapping the oxygen consumption, which indicates the intensity of VO2 loading, was 3.8, with the lowest value being 3.2 and the highest being 4.5. After converting oxygen consumption to bodyweight, VO2/kg was 46, the lowest value of 38.8, and the highest 53.0 were measured for this variable. Pulse oxygen, i.e., the amount of oxygen calculated per heart contraction VO2/HR, was 20.5, the lowest value 16.0, and the highest 26.0. The average HR heart rate was 183.5, with the lowest value being recorded at 164 and the highest value is 205. Ventilation, i.e., the amount of exhaled air per minute in VE, was measured at 144.9, the lowest value was 114.7, and the highest was 176.6. The BF in 1 min was 58.5, the lowest value 35, and the highest 70. The mean time load was 10:20 min, the shortest test length was 7:25 min, and the longest was 13:23 min. These values correspond to the degree of inclination of the ascent, i.e., the mean value was 10 degrees, the smallest achieved slope was 7 degrees, and the largest 13 degrees. CONCLUSION: The designed weighted walking test proved to be fully functional and effective in measurement. The further established protocol corresponds to the requirements of the current needs of the Special Forces of the Army of the Czech Republic. Last but not least, the walking stress test is applied for the external and internal selection and screening of operators. Data obtained from testing were used to develop deployment requirements for patrol/nuclear combat missions.

• MeSH
• Walking MeSH
• Exercise * physiology   MeSH
• Oxygen MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Oxygen Consumption * physiology   MeSH
• Heart Rate MeSH
• Exercise Test MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Male MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Geographicals
• Czech Republic MeSH

Režimová opatření jsou základní složkou terapie diabetes mellitus 2. typu. Primárním cílem je redukce hmotnosti alespoň o 5 kg tempem přibližně 1 kg za měsíc. Významným prostředkem redukce je fyzická aktivita, v našem případě chůze, kterou je vhodné pacientovi podrobně naplánovat. Je třeba brát ohled na jeho pravděpodobnou aktuální nevýkonnost a dávky stanovit tak, aby jejich výše pacienta neodradila. Zátěž je pak třeba postupně navyšovat.

Weight reduction regimens are a basic part of the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. The primary objective is a loss of at least 5 kg at a rate of 1 kg per month. The physical activity, in cour case walking, is a significant tool of a weight redustion and it should be appropriately planned. Patient´s assumed current low performance should be taken into account and adequate level shloud be assigned so that the patient wouldn´t be discouraged. The load should then be gradually titrated.

• Keywords
• fyzická aktivita,
• MeSH
• Walking MeSH
• Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 complications   prevention & control   MeSH
• Diabetes Mellitus MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Obesity prevention & control   therapy   MeSH
• Aged MeSH
• Treatment Outcome MeSH
• Body Weight Changes MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Aged MeSH
• Female MeSH
• Publication type
• Case Reports MeSH