The phenolic composition, as well as the antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of two poorly investigated Achillea species, Achillea lingulata Waldst. and the endemic Achillea abrotanoides Vis., were studied. To obtain a more detailed phytochemical profile, four solvents with different polarities were used for the preparation of the plant extracts whose phenolic composition was analyzed using UHPLC-MS/MS (ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry). The results indicate that both of the investigated Achillea species are very rich in both phenolic acids and flavonoids, but that their profiles differ significantly. Chloroform extracts from both species had the highest yields and were the most chemically versatile. The majority of the examined extracts showed antimicrobial activity, while ethanolic extracts from both species were potent against all tested microorganisms. Furthermore, the antioxidant activity of the extracts was evaluated. It was found that the ethanolic extracts possessed the strongest antioxidant activities, although these extracts did not contain the highest amounts of detected phenolic compounds. In addition, several representatives of phenolic compounds were also assayed for these biological activities. Results suggest that ethanol is a sufficient solvent for the isolation of biologically active compounds from both Achillea species. Moreover, it was shown that the flavonoids naringenin and morin are mainly responsible for these antimicrobial activities, while caffeic, salicylic, chlorogenic, p-coumaric, p-hydroxybenzoic, and rosmarinic acid are responsible for the antioxidant activities of the Achillea extracts.

• MeSH
• antiinfekční látky chemie   izolace a purifikace   farmakologie   MeSH
• antioxidancia chemie   izolace a purifikace   farmakologie   MeSH
• bifenylové sloučeniny antagonisté a inhibitory   MeSH
• druhová specificita MeSH
• fenoly chemie   izolace a purifikace   farmakologie   MeSH
• flavonoidy chemie   izolace a purifikace   farmakologie   MeSH
• fytonutrienty chemie   izolace a purifikace   farmakologie   MeSH
• hydroxybenzoáty chemie   izolace a purifikace   farmakologie   MeSH
• mikrobiální testy citlivosti MeSH
• pikráty antagonisté a inhibitory   MeSH
• řebříček chemie   klasifikace   MeSH
• rostlinné extrakty chemie   MeSH
• rozpouštědla MeSH
• tandemová hmotnostní spektrometrie MeSH
• vysokoúčinná kapalinová chromatografie MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are highly considered in the ethiopathogenesis of different pathological conditions because they may cause significant damage to cells and tissues. In this paper, we focused on potential antioxidant properties of two medical plants such as the Agrimonia eupatoria L. and Cynara cardunculus L. Both plants have previously been studied for their pharmacological activities, especially as hepatoprotective and hypoglycemic activities. It has been suggested, that their effects are related to the antioxidant properties of polyphenols, which are dominant compounds of the plants' extracts. In the present study HPLC-MS analysis of water infusion was performed allowing the identification of several phenolic constituents. Furthermore, antioxidant effects of the two extracts were compared showing higher effects for agrimony extract compared to artichoke. Thus, agrimony was selected for the in vivo study using the skin flap viability model. In conclusion, our results provide evidence that the A. eupatoria extract may be a valuable source of polyphenols to be studied for the future development of supplements useful in the prevention of diseases linked to oxidative stress.

• MeSH
• Agrimonia chemie   MeSH
• antioxidancia chemie   farmakologie   MeSH
• buněčné linie účinky léků   metabolismus   MeSH
• Cynara chemie   MeSH
• fenoly chemie   farmakologie   MeSH
• katalasa metabolismus   MeSH
• krysa rodu rattus MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• oxidační stres účinky léků   MeSH
• poškození DNA účinky léků   MeSH
• reaktivní formy kyslíku metabolismus   MeSH
• rostlinné extrakty chemie   farmakologie   MeSH
• superoxiddismutasa metabolismus   MeSH
• viabilita buněk účinky léků   MeSH
• vysokoúčinná kapalinová chromatografie MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• krysa rodu rattus MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

Honey consumption is attributed to potentially advantageous effects on human health due to its antioxidant capacity as well as anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial activity, which are mainly related to phenolic compound content. Phenolic compounds are secondary metabolites of plants, and their content in honey is primarily affected by the botanical and geographical origin. In this study, a high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) method was applied to determine the phenolic profile of various honey matrices and investigate authenticity markers. A fruitful sample set was collected, including honey from 10 different botanical sources (n = 51) originating from Greece and Poland. Generic liquid-liquid extraction using ethyl acetate as the extractant was used to apply targeted and non-targeted workflows simultaneously. The method was fully validated according to the Eurachem guidelines, and it demonstrated high accuracy, precision, and sensitivity resulting in the detection of 11 target analytes in the samples. Suspect screening identified 16 bioactive compounds in at least one sample, with abscisic acid isomers being the most abundant in arbutus honey. Importantly, 10 markers related to honey geographical origin were revealed through non-targeted screening and the application of advanced chemometric tools. In conclusion, authenticity markers and discrimination patterns were emerged using targeted and non-targeted workflows, indicating the impact of this study on food authenticity and metabolomic fields.

• MeSH
• antioxidancia analýza   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• benzaldehydy analýza   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• cinnamáty analýza   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• flavonoidy analýza   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• hmotnostní spektrometrie metody   MeSH
• hydroxybenzoáty analýza   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• med analýza   MeSH
• metabolom * MeSH
• metabolomika metody   MeSH
• senzitivita a specificita MeSH
• správnost dat MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• validační studie MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Polsko MeSH
• Řecko MeSH

Onosma riedliana Binzet & Orcan, a traditionally used plant species, has been explored for its therapeutic potential in this study. The work presented here is the first report on the phenolic profile and biological activity of this species. Three extracts of varying polarity were prepared, with the methanolic extract containing the highest phenolic content (97.62 ± 0.20 mgGAE/g). Key phenolic compounds identified included pinoresinol, hesperidin, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, and p-coumaric acid. The methanolic extract exhibited exceptional antioxidant properties, rivaling Trolox as a positive control, primarily attributed to hesperidin and luteolin. Moreover, the ethyl acetate extract demonstrated remarkable inhibition of cholinesterase and tyrosinase enzymes, while the methanolic extract displayed potent activity against carbohydrate hydrolytic enzymes, α-amylase and α-glucosidase. Again, phenolic compounds were shown to be responsible for the inhibition of cholinesterases and tyrosinase, but not for α-amylase and α-glucosidase. These findings underscore Onosma riedliana's potential for incorporation into diverse pharmaceutical formulations, given its multifaceted bioactivity.

• MeSH
• alfa-amylasy MeSH
• alfa-glukosidasy MeSH
• antioxidancia farmakologie   MeSH
• fenoly farmakologie   MeSH
• hesperidin * MeSH
• inhibitory enzymů * farmakologie   MeSH
• methanol MeSH
• rostlinné extrakty farmakologie   MeSH
• tyrosinasa metabolismus   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

BACKGROUND: Total phenolic content, phenolic profile and antioxidant activity were determined in free and bound phenolic fractions of thermally treated brown and white teff grains. RESULTS: Phenolic content in raw brown and white teff (1540 and 992 mg gallic acid equivalent kg-1 ) as well as antioxidant activity (6.3 and 5.5 mmol trolox equivalent kg-1 ) were higher in free phenolic fractions. The most significant decrease in total phenolics was observed after application of the sous-vide method (35% for brown teff and 11% for white teff). Main free phenolics of heat-treated teff were ferulic, protocatechuic, p-coumaric and ellagic acids, rutin and epigallocatechin. Main bound phenolics were ferulic, gallic, sinapic and ellagic acids, catechin and epigallocatechin. The detrimental effect on free and bound quercetin and bound cinnamic acid concentrations was also examined during heat treatment. Thermally treated brown teff showed a high level of in vitro organic matter digestibility if water cooking and rice cooker (both 99.5%) and sous-vide (96.5%) methods were applied. CONCLUSION: The sous-vide method may be recommended as the most suitable hydrothermal treatment for grains of teff when compared with water cooking and rice cooker methods. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.

• MeSH
• antioxidancia chemie   metabolismus   MeSH
• biologické modely MeSH
• Eragrostis chemie   MeSH
• fenoly chemie   metabolismus   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• rostlinné extrakty chemie   metabolismus   MeSH
• trávení MeSH
• vaření MeSH
• vysoká teplota MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Agricultural intensification over the last 40 years has increased cereal yields, but there is very limited information on the effects of intensification practices (e.g., nondiverse rotations, mineral NPK fertilizer, and pesticides) on crop health and quality. Results from the study reported here suggest that the use of mineral NPK fertilizers reduces phenolic acid and flavonoid concentrations in leaves and increases the susceptibility of wheat to lodging and powdery mildew, when compared to composted FYM inputs. In contrast, the use of herbicides, fungicides, and growth regulators reduces lodging and foliar disease severity but had no effect on phenolic acid and flavonoid concentrations. The use of composted FYM inputs also resulted in a significant grain yield reduction and not substantially reduced the severity of opportunistic pathogens such as Septoria, which remain a major yield limiting factor unless fungicides are used and/or more Septoria resistant varieties become available.

• MeSH
• Ascomycota účinky léků   fyziologie   MeSH
• fenoly analýza   MeSH
• fungicidy průmyslové farmakologie   MeSH
• listy rostlin chemie   účinky léků   růst a vývoj   mikrobiologie   MeSH
• nemoci rostlin mikrobiologie   prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• podnebí MeSH
• průmyslová hnojiva analýza   MeSH
• pšenice chemie   účinky léků   růst a vývoj   mikrobiologie   MeSH
• semena rostlinná chemie   účinky léků   růst a vývoj   MeSH
• zemědělství metody   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• srovnávací studie MeSH

Various combinations of PEG-silica, phenyl-silica and C18 columns in a single-column or serial (tandem) arrangement in the first dimension and a monolithic Chromolith column in the second dimension were tested for comprehensive two-dimensional (2D) LCxLC separation of phenolic and flavone natural antioxidants. The combinations of different stationary phase chemistries provided low selectivity correlations between the first-dimension and the second-dimension separation systems. Improvement in system orthogonality, bandwidths suppression, more regular band distribution over the whole 2D retention plane and increased peak capacity in different 2D setups was achieved by using gradients with matching profiles running in parallel in the two dimensions over the whole 2D separation time range. Instead of two sampling loops, two alternating trapping XTerra columns were used for sample fraction transfer from the first-dimension column to the second dimension. Stronger retention on the XTerra columns in comparison to PEG-silica or phenyl-silica columns in the first dimension allowed using focusing of sample fractions in narrow zones on the top of a trapping column and back-flushing into the second dimension in a very low volume of the mobile phase. This fraction transfer modulation provided significant bandwidth suppression in the second dimension. 2D systems with optimized stationary phase selectivity, parallel gradients and fraction transfer modulation using two trapping columns were applied for the analysis of natural antioxidants in beer and wine samples.

• MeSH
• antioxidancia izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• chromatografie kapalinová metody   MeSH
• fenoly izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• financování organizované MeSH
• flavony izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• senzitivita a specificita MeSH

Barley (Hordeum vulgare) accumulates phenolic compounds (PhCs), which play a key role in plant defense against environmental stressors as antioxidants or UV screening compounds. The influence of light and atmospheric CO2 concentration ([CO2]) on the accumulation and localization of PhCs in barley leaves was examined for two varieties with different tolerances to oxidative stress. PhC localization was visualized in vivo using fluorescence microscopy. Close relationships were found between fluorescence-determined localization of PhCs in barley leaves and PhC content estimated using liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectroscopy detection. Light intensity had the strongest effect on the accumulation of PhCs, but the total PhC content was similar at elevated [CO2], minimizing the differences between high and low light. PhCs localized preferentially near the surfaces of leaves, but under low light, an increasing allocation of PhCs in deeper mesophyll layers was observed. The PhC profile was significantly different between barley varieties. The relatively tolerant variety accumulated significantly more hydroxycinnamic acids, indicating that these PhCs may play a more prominent role in oxidative stress prevention. Our research presents novel evidence that [CO2] modulates the accumulation of PhCs in barley leaves. Mesophyll cells, rather than epidermal cells, were most responsive to environmental stimuli in terms of PhC accumulation.

• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

This study investigated the effect of one-week consumption of 165 g/day fresh blue honeysuckle berries (208 mg/day anthocyanins) in 10 healthy volunteers. At the end of intervention, levels of benzoic (median 1782 vs 4156), protocatechuic (709 vs 2417), vanillic (2779 vs 4753), 3-hydroxycinnamic (143 vs 351), p-coumaric (182 vs 271), isoferulic (805 vs 1570), ferulic (1086 vs 2395), and hippuric (194833 vs 398711 μg/mg creatinine) acids by LC/MS were significantly increased in the urine. Clinical chemistry safety markers were not altered. Oxidative stress markers, erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase (0.73 vs 0.88 U/g Hb) and catalase (2.5 vs 2.8 μkat/g Hb) activities, and erythrocyte/plasma thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (522 vs 612/33 vs 38 μmol/g Hb/protein) levels were significantly increased, without change in plasma antioxidant status. Nonsignificant changes of advanced oxidation protein products and oxidized LDL were observed. The results provide a solid base for further study of metabolite excretion and antioxidant parameters after ingestion of anthocyanins.

• MeSH
• anthokyaniny aplikace a dávkování   MeSH
• antioxidancia metabolismus   MeSH
• biologické markery moč   MeSH
• chromatografie kapalinová MeSH
• cinnamáty moč   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• erytrocyty metabolismus   MeSH
• glutathionperoxidasa krev   MeSH
• hippuráty moč   MeSH
• hmotnostní spektrometrie MeSH
• hydroxybenzoáty moč   MeSH
• katalasa krev   MeSH
• kyselina benzoová moč   MeSH
• kyselina vanilová moč   MeSH
• kyseliny kumarové moč   MeSH
• látky reagující s kyselinou thiobarbiturovou metabolismus   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• lipoproteiny LDL krev   MeSH
• Lonicera chemie   MeSH
• metabolom * MeSH
• ovoce chemie   MeSH
• oxidační stres účinky léků   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• klinické zkoušky MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

This article presents the very first phytochemical investigation on new species Tripleurospermum insularum Inceer & Hayırlıoglu-Ayaz. The volatile profile of odorous parts of the plant was analysed by GC/MS, and compounds were identified in headspace and essential oil obtained from aerial parts, representing 70.81% and 92.44% in total, respectively. The major volatiles were n-alkanes (38.43-59.22%), while essential oil was also rich in globulol (13.45%) and β-sesquiphellandrene (9.29%). The content of phenolic compounds in methanolic extract and oil was 3621.62 and 14.4 mg GAE/100 g of dry plant, respectively. Moreover, potential medicinal effects were found in mean of antioxidant activity of this plant measured by using two different assays: radical-scavenging activity and ferric-reducing activity. Samples revealed values ranging from 0.33 to 146.80 μmol TE/100 g for DPPH assay, and from 2.29 to 5414.17 μmol AAE/100 g for FRAP assay.

• MeSH
• antioxidancia chemie   MeSH
• fenoly chemie   MeSH
• flavonoidy chemie   MeSH
• fytosteroly chemie   MeSH
• mastné kyseliny chemie   MeSH
• nadzemní části rostlin chemie   MeSH
• oleje prchavé chemie   MeSH
• oleje rostlin chemie   MeSH
• seskviterpeny chemie   MeSH
• Tripleurospermum chemie   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Turecko MeSH