Východiska: Na Klinice popálenin a rekonstrukční chirurgie FN Brno je metoda chemické nekrektomie pomocí 40% kyseliny benzoové používána k léčbě hlubokých popálenin extenzivně od založení pracoviště v roce 1982 do současnosti. Přesto, že má klinicky metoda jasné výhody pro pacienta i ošetřovatelský tým, chyběla validní data o vstřebávání kyseliny přes nekrózu a tedy o bezpečnosti pro pacienta. Materiál a metodika: Ve spolupráci s Oddělením klinické biochemie jsme se rozhodli vyšetřit u 22 pacientů hladiny kyseliny benzoové a kyseliny hippurové v séru a rovněž jsme stanovovali sérovou hladinu glycinu, který se při utilizaci kyseliny benzoové spotřebovává. Dále byl prováděn sběr moči, ve kterém se opět stanovovala kyselina hippurová a z odpadů do moči se dopočítalo celkové vstřebané resp. vyloučené množství kyseliny benzoové za 24 hodin. Výsledky: Zjistili jsme, že konstantně dochází k rychlému a většinou krátkodobému nárůstu plasmatické koncentrace kyseliny benzoové (max. 1,3 mmol/l) což je asi 5x méně, než je hladina spojovaná s již toxickými projevy (6,5 mmol/l). Totéž se děje u hladiny kyseliny hippurové. Hladina glycinu mírně poklesá, ale nikoli mimo rámec normálních hodnot. Diskuse: V diskusi jsou uvedeny některé typické a atypické průběhy hladin uvedených kyselin, korelace dynamiky resorpce a eliminace s rozsahem resorpční plochy a klinickým stavem pacienta. Je zhodnocena efektivita a bezpečnost metody. Závěr: Závěr sumarizuje všechna pozorování a hodnotí chemickou nekrektomii 40% kyselinou benzoovou jako selektivní a srovnatelně efektivní s metodami ostré nekrektomie. Metoda je levná, snadno proveditelná a snižuje podstatně krevní ztráty. Přitom toxicita vstřebané kyseliny benzoové je klinicky bezvýznamná.
Introduction: Chemical necrectomy of deep burns using 40% benzoic acid has been used extensively by the Department of Burns and Reconstructive Surgery at the University Hospital since its establishment in 1982. In spite of definite advantages for the patient and medical staff, hard data concerning benzoic acid absorption through skin necrosis and patient safety was missing. Material and methods: We examined 22 burn patients in collaboration with the University Hospital Brno, Department of Clinical Biochemistry. The plasmatic levels of benzoic acid, hippuric acids and glycine, which is consumed during the metabolism of benzoic acid, were measured. Urine samples were collected to determine the total amount of hippuric acid that is excreted. We were able to determine the total amount of absorbed and excreted benzoic acid from these values. Results: We consistently found that there was a rapid and short-term increase of plasmatic levels of benzoic acid (maximum 1.3 mmol/l). This value is about 5 times lower than the minimum toxic level of this acid (6.5 mmol/l). The same course has been observed in hippuric acid. The level of glycine dropped slightly, but was still within the normal range. Discussion: Typical and atypical courses of the levels of both acids were discussed as well as the correlation of the dynamics of elimination with the extent of benzoic acid application in relationship with the clinical status of the patient. The effectiveness and safety of this method was evaluated. Conclusion: After summarizing the observations, it was demonstrated that chemical necrectomy using 40% benzoic acid is a selective method comparable with other types of sharp necrectomy. Chemical necrectomy is inexpensive, easy to perform and also reduces blood loss. Toxicity of absorbed benzoic acid is clinically negligible. Furthermore, benzoic acid’s antimycotic and antibacterial properties prevent the development of wound infection.
- Klíčová slova
- chemická nekrektomie, kyselina hippurová,
- MeSH
- debridement * metody MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- glycin krev MeSH
- hippuráty krev moč MeSH
- kyselina benzoová * krev metabolismus terapeutické užití toxicita MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- longitudinální studie MeSH
- masti MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- popálení terapie MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- výsledek terapie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- Publikační typ
- klinické zkoušky MeSH
UVA photons are less energetic than UVB photons but they are more abundant in solar radiation. Modern tools have shown that UVA light has serious adverse effects on the skin. We investigated the effect of consuming Lonicera caerulea berries on UVA-induced damage in SKH-1 mice. The mice were fed a diet containing L. caerulea berries (10%, w/w) for 14 days before a single UVA (30 J/cm(2)) treatment. Effects on haematological and antioxidant parameters were evaluated 4 and 24h after irradiation. The bioavailability of L. caerulea phenolics was also assessed. Consuming the L. caerulea berry-enriched diet caused reduced malondialdehyde production and increased catalase activity and glutathione levels were found in skin and erythrocytes. UVA-induced NADPH:quinone oxidoreductase-1 and gamma-L-glutamate-L-cysteine ligase protein in skin were reduced in mice fed L. caerulea berries. Enhanced heme oxygenase-1 level in skin, interleukin-17 in plasma and reduced interleukin-12 levels in plasma were found in the mice on the experimental diet. Histological (pyknotic) changes in the nuclei of basal cells induced by UVA exposure were reduced in L. caerulea berry consuming animals. HLPC-MS analysis showed high concentrations of hippuric acid, one of the main metabolites of aromatic amino acids and phenolic compounds, in skin, liver, urine and faeces of mice consuming the berries. Taken together, consumption of L. caerulea berries affords protection from the adverse effects of a single UVA exposure mainly via modulation of antioxidant parameters.
- MeSH
- antioxidancia metabolismus MeSH
- dieta * MeSH
- enzymy metabolismus MeSH
- erytrocyty metabolismus účinky záření MeSH
- glutathion metabolismus MeSH
- hippuráty analýza moč MeSH
- interleukin-12 krev MeSH
- interleukin-17 krev MeSH
- játra chemie MeSH
- kůže metabolismus patologie účinky záření MeSH
- Lonicera chemie metabolismus MeSH
- malondialdehyd metabolismus MeSH
- myši bezsrsté MeSH
- myši MeSH
- ovoce chemie metabolismus MeSH
- ultrafialové záření * MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- myši MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
This study investigated the effect of one-week consumption of 165 g/day fresh blue honeysuckle berries (208 mg/day anthocyanins) in 10 healthy volunteers. At the end of intervention, levels of benzoic (median 1782 vs 4156), protocatechuic (709 vs 2417), vanillic (2779 vs 4753), 3-hydroxycinnamic (143 vs 351), p-coumaric (182 vs 271), isoferulic (805 vs 1570), ferulic (1086 vs 2395), and hippuric (194833 vs 398711 μg/mg creatinine) acids by LC/MS were significantly increased in the urine. Clinical chemistry safety markers were not altered. Oxidative stress markers, erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase (0.73 vs 0.88 U/g Hb) and catalase (2.5 vs 2.8 μkat/g Hb) activities, and erythrocyte/plasma thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (522 vs 612/33 vs 38 μmol/g Hb/protein) levels were significantly increased, without change in plasma antioxidant status. Nonsignificant changes of advanced oxidation protein products and oxidized LDL were observed. The results provide a solid base for further study of metabolite excretion and antioxidant parameters after ingestion of anthocyanins.
- MeSH
- anthokyaniny aplikace a dávkování MeSH
- antioxidancia metabolismus MeSH
- biologické markery moč MeSH
- chromatografie kapalinová MeSH
- cinnamáty moč MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- erytrocyty metabolismus MeSH
- glutathionperoxidasa krev MeSH
- hippuráty moč MeSH
- hmotnostní spektrometrie MeSH
- hydroxybenzoáty moč MeSH
- katalasa krev MeSH
- kyselina benzoová moč MeSH
- kyselina vanilová moč MeSH
- kyseliny kumarové moč MeSH
- látky reagující s kyselinou thiobarbiturovou metabolismus MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- lipoproteiny LDL krev MeSH
- Lonicera chemie MeSH
- metabolom * MeSH
- ovoce chemie MeSH
- oxidační stres účinky léků MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- klinické zkoušky MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
The voltammetric behavior of 4-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) and its acetylated metabolite on glassy carbon, carbon fiber or carbon paste electrodes was investigated in an aqueous supporting electrolyte. 4-Aminohippuric acid (4-AHA), 4-acetamidobenzoic acid (4-AMB) and 4-acetamidohippuric acid (4-Ac-AHA) can be separated on a capillary carbon paste electrode in 0.1 M lithium perchlorate. The oxidation potentials of PABA, 4-AHA, 4-AMB and 4-Ac-AHA were 0.70, 0.88, 1.06 and 1.10 V on capillary CPE, respectively. The electrooxidation process is used for simultaneous quantitative determination of acetylated metabolites in urine.
OBJECTIVE: Chemical necrectomy is an alternative to the surgical or sharp necrectomy for the removal of necrotic parts of the skin in the treatment of deep burns. The aim of our work was to monitor the dynamics of resorption and elimination of benzoic acid applied to the burnt skin. METHODS: The set consisted of 10 patients (9 men; 1 woman) aged 25-57 years with IIb-III-degree skin burns. 40% benzoic acid in white petrolatum was applied to the burnt area to the extent of 3-5% of TBSA (total body surface area) for a period of 48 hours. The concentrations of benzoic acid, hippuric acid, and glycine in the serum was monitored at the 10th, 20th, 60th, 120th, 240 th and 360 th minute thereafter and further at the 12th, 24th, 48th, and 72nd hour; the excretion of hippuric acid in urine was monitored in six 12-hour intervals. RESULTS: The highest concentration of benzoic acid in the serum was detected in the 60th minute sample (0.094+/-0.074 mmol/L) and of hippuric acid in the 120th minute sample (0.234+/-0.088 mmol/L) from the application of benzoic acid to the burnt skin. In the period between the 6th and 48th hour, the average concentration of benzoic acid in the serum ranged between 0.042 and 0.03 mmol/L. In this period there was also a significant decrease in serum glycine concentration (p<0.05). During the 48-hour application of benzoic acid to the burnt skin, 46.0-145 mmol of hippuric acid was excreted in urine. CONCLUSION: Chemical necrectomy with the use of 40% benzoic acid led only to a moderate increase of its concentration in the serum. After its resorption from the wound area it is transformed to hippuric acid, which is promptly excreted in urine.
- MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- glycin krev MeSH
- hippuráty krev moč MeSH
- kinetika MeSH
- kyselina benzoová farmakokinetika krev terapeutické užití MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- masti aplikace a dávkování MeSH
- nekróza patologie MeSH
- popálení farmakoterapie patologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- klinické zkoušky MeSH
A reference material for the biological monitoring of occupational exposure to toluene, benzene and phenol was prepared. O-cresol and hippuric acid (metabolites of toluene) are used for the biological monitoring of occupational exposure to toluene. Phenol, a metabolite of benzene, is used for the biological monitoring of exposure to benzene, but phenol can of course also be used as an indicator of exposure to phenol as well. The reference material (RM) used for the determination of these metabolites was prepared by freeze-drying pooled urine samples obtained from healthy persons occupationally exposed to toluene and those taking part in an inhalation experiment. Tests for homogeneity and stability were performed by determining urine concentrations of o-cresol, hippuric acid, creatinine and phenol. To investigate the stability of the RM, the urinary concentrations of o-cresol and phenol were monitored for eighteen months using GC and HPLC, while those of hippuric acid and creatinine were followed for five and six years, respectively, using HPLC. Analysis of variance showed that the concentrations did not change. The certified concentration values (and their uncertainties) of the substances in this reference material (phenol concentration c=6.46+/-0.58 mg l(-1); o-cresol concentration c=1.17+/-0.15 mg l(-1); hippuric acid concentration c=1328+/-30 mg l(-1); creatinine concentration c=0.82+/-0.10 g l(-1)) were evaluated via the interactive statistical programme IPECA.
- MeSH
- analýza moči metody normy MeSH
- benzen analýza MeSH
- chemické techniky analytické metody normy MeSH
- fenoly analýza MeSH
- financování organizované MeSH
- hippuráty analýza MeSH
- kalibrace MeSH
- kreatin moč MeSH
- kresoly analýza MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- moč chemie MeSH
- reprodukovatelnost výsledků MeSH
- toluen moč MeSH
- vysokoúčinná kapalinová chromatografie metody MeSH
- zmrazování MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- multicentrická studie MeSH
- MeSH
- krysa rodu rattus MeSH
- kyselina jodohippurová aplikace a dávkování diagnostické užití farmakokinetika MeSH
- ledviny metabolismus MeSH
- metabolická clearance MeSH
- radioisotopová renografie MeSH
- radionuklidy diagnostické užití farmakokinetika MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- krysa rodu rattus MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- MeSH
- biologické modely MeSH
- diagnostické zobrazování MeSH
- finanční podpora výzkumu jako téma MeSH
- krysa rodu rattus MeSH
- kyselina jodohippurová analogy a deriváty diagnostické užití farmakokinetika MeSH
- ledviny fyziologie MeSH
- radionuklidy diagnostické užití farmakokinetika MeSH
- vyšetření funkce ledvin ekonomika metody normy MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- krysa rodu rattus MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
