- MeSH
- Hypersensitivity MeSH
- Chromium MeSH
- Glycopeptides diagnostic use MeSH
- Guinea Pigs MeSH
- Check Tag
- Guinea Pigs MeSH
Anastomotický leak je v kolorektální chirurgii závažnou komplikací. Problematikou poruch hojení střevní anastomózy se zabývá řada experimentálních prací zejména ve smyslu aplikovaného výzkumu. Design zvířecích modelů je přitom různorodý a výsledky jednotlivých prací jsou těžko porovnatelné. Tato práce pojednává souhrnně o hlavních bodech problematiky plánování zvířecích modelů střevních anastomóz, které jsou jednotlivě rozebrány. Hlavní částí textu je popis modelu defektní střevní anastomózy prasete. Anastomóza je v modelu konstruována s lokalizovanou protruzí sliznice. Zvířata jsou pooperačně sledována 3 týdny, monitorovány jsou jak klinický stav, tak změny vitálních hodnot, laboratorních parametrů, je prováděno v definovaných bodech CT vyšetření. Na konci observačního období jsou odebrány vzorky, hodnocen makroskopický nález v dutině břišní, skórování adhezí, známky leaku či poruch pasáže. Histologicky jsou preparáty hodnoceny jak standardními metodami analyzujícími vaskularitu, zánětlivou infiltraci a podíl kolagenu, tak metodami vyvinutými de novo pro potřeby experimentu, jako je analýza integrity střevní stěny v místě slizniční protruze. Experimentálního modelu si ceníme pro možnost systematické a podrobné analýzy stavu zhojení anastomózy v kombinaci s podrobným observačním protokolem, jež vytvářejí klinicky relevantní výsledky.
Anastomotic leak is a serious complication in colorectal surgery. The problem of intestinal anastomosis healing disorders is dealt with by a number of experimental studies, especially in applied research. The design of animal models is diverse and the results of individual studies are difficult to compare. This paper summarizes the main issues of planning animal models of intestinal anastomoses, which are discussed individually. The main part of the text is a description of the defective intestinal anastomosis model of the pig. The anastomosis is constructed in the model with a localized mucosal protrusion. The animals are monitored for 3 weeks postoperatively, the clinical condition and changes in vital values and laboratory parameters are monitored, and CT examinations are performed at defined points. At the end of the observation period, samples are taken, macroscopic findings in the abdominal cavity are evaluated, adhesions are scored, and signs of leakage or passage disorders are assessed. The preparations are evaluated histologically both by standard methods analyzing vascularity, inflammatory infiltration and the proportion of collagen, and by methods developed de novo for the needs of the experiment, such as the analysis of the integrity of the intestinal wall at the site of the mucosal protrusion. We value the experimental model for the possibility of a systematic and detailed analysis of the healing state of the anastomosis in combination with a detailed observation protocol, which produces clinically relevant results.
- MeSH
- Colon, Descending surgery pathology MeSH
- Models, Animal * MeSH
- Anastomotic Leak * pathology prevention & control MeSH
- Swine MeSH
- Intestine, Large surgery pathology MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Check Tag
- Animals MeSH
- Publication type
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is severe medical condition occurring in critically ill patients and with mortality of 33-52 % is one of the leading causes of death in critically ill patients. To better understand pathophysiology of ARDS and to verify novel therapeutical approaches a reliable animal model is needed. Therefore we have developed modified lavage model of ARDS in the pig. After premedication (ketamine and midazolam) 35 healthy pigs were anesthetized (propofol, midazolam, morphin, pipecuronium) and orotracheally intubated and ventilated. Primary ARDS was induced by repeated cycles of lung lavage with a detergent Triton X100 diluted in saline (0.03 %) heated to 37 °C preceded by pre-oxygenation with 100 % O(2). Single cycle included two subsequent lavages followed by detergent suction. Each cycle was followed by hemodynamic and ventilation stabilization for approx. 15 min, with eventual administration of vasopressors according to an arterial blood pressure. The lavage procedure was repeated until the paO(2)/FiO(2) index after stabilization remained below 100 at PEEP 5 cm H(2)O. In 33 pigs we have achieved the desired degree of severe ARDS (PaO(2)/FiO(2)<100). Typical number of lavages was 2-3 (min. 1, max. 5). Hemodynamic tolerance and the need for vasopressors were strongly individual. In remaining two animals an unmanageable hypotension developed. For other subjects the experimental ARDS stability was good and allowed reliable measurement for more than 10 h. The present model of the ARDS is clinically relevant and thus it is suitable for further research of the pathophysiology and management of this serious medical condition.
- MeSH
- Bronchoalveolar Lavage adverse effects methods MeSH
- Disease Models, Animal * MeSH
- Lung pathology MeSH
- Swine MeSH
- Sus scrofa MeSH
- Respiratory Distress Syndrome etiology pathology MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Check Tag
- Female MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
The pig represents a useful, large experimental model for biomedical research. Recently, it has been used in different areas of biomedical research. The aim of this study was to review the basic anatomical structures of the head region in the pig in relation to their use in current research. Attention was focused on the areas that are frequently affected by pathological processes in humans: the oral cavity with teeth, salivary gland, orbit, nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses, maxilla, mandible and temporomandibular joint. Not all of the structures have an equal morphology in the pig and human, and these morphological dissimilarities must be taken into account before choosing the pig as an experimental model for regenerative medicine.
- MeSH
- Skull anatomy & histology pathology physiopathology MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Disease Models, Animal * MeSH
- Nose Diseases pathology physiopathology therapy MeSH
- Orbital Diseases pathology physiopathology therapy MeSH
- Nose anatomy & histology pathology physiopathology MeSH
- Swine anatomy & histology MeSH
- Stomatognathic Diseases pathology physiopathology therapy MeSH
- Mouth anatomy & histology pathology physiopathology MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
- Review MeSH
- Comparative Study MeSH
Based on the World Health Organization statistics, cardiovascular diseases represent the major cause of death worldwide. Although a wide range of treatment approaches and pharmaceuticals is available, the therapy is often not effective enough and therefore health risks for the patient persist. Thus, it is still essential to test new drug candidates for the treatment of various pathophysiological conditions related to cardiovascular system. In vivo models represent indispensable part of preclinical testing of such substances. Anesthetized guinea pig as a whole-body model allows to evaluate complex reactions of cardiovascular system to tested substance. Moreover, action potential of guinea pig cardiomyocyte is quite comparable to that of human. Hence, the results from this model are then quite well translatable to clinical medicine. Aim of this paper was to summarize the methodology of this model, including its advantages and/or limitations and risks, based on the effects of two substances with adrenergic activity on the ECG parameters. The model of anesthetized guinea pig proved to be valuable and suitable for testing of drugs with cardiovascular effects.
- MeSH
- Electrocardiography * MeSH
- Cardiovascular System * drug effects MeSH
- Myocardial Contraction * drug effects physiology MeSH
- Blood Pressure drug effects MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Disease Models, Animal MeSH
- Guinea Pigs MeSH
- Drug Evaluation, Preclinical * MeSH
- Heart drug effects physiology MeSH
- Heart Rate MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Guinea Pigs MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
Oxidative phosphorylation is a key process of intracellular energy transfer by which mitochondria produce ATP. Isolated mitochondria serve as a biological model for understanding the mitochondrial respiration control, effects of various biologically active substances, and pathophysiology of mitochondrial diseases. The aim of our study was to evaluate pig brain mitochondria as a proper biological model for investigation of activity of the mitochondrial electron transport chain. Oxygen consumption rates of isolated pig brain mitochondria were measured using high-resolution respirometry. Mitochondrial respiration of crude mitochondrial fraction, mitochondria purified in sucrose gradient, and mitochondria purified in Percoll gradient were assayed as a function of storage time. Oxygen flux and various mitochondrial respiratory control ratios were not changed within two days of mitochondria storage on ice. Leak respiration was found higher and Complex I-linked respiration lower in purified mitochondria compared to the crude mitochondrial fraction. Damage to both outer and inner mitochondrial membrane caused by the isolation procedure was the greatest after purification in a sucrose gradient. We confirmed that pig brain mitochondria can serve as a biological model for investigation of mitochondrial respiration. The advantage of this biological model is the stability of respiratory parameters for more than 48 h and the possibility to isolate large amounts of mitochondria from specific brain areas without the need to kill laboratory animals. We suggest the use of high-resolution respirometry of pig brain mitochondria for research of the neuroprotective effects and/or mitochondrial toxicity of new medical drugs.
- MeSH
- Models, Biological * MeSH
- Cell Respiration MeSH
- Citrate (si)-Synthase metabolism MeSH
- Oxygen metabolism MeSH
- Mitochondrial Membranes metabolism MeSH
- Mitochondria metabolism MeSH
- Brain metabolism MeSH
- Sus scrofa MeSH
- Electron Transport MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Check Tag
- Animals MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
