In the Czech Hydrometeorological Institute (CHMI) there exists a unique set of meteorological measurements consisting of the values of vertical atmospheric levels of beta and gamma radiation. In this paper a stochastic data-driven model based on nonlinear regression and on nonhomogeneous Poisson process is suggested. In the first part of the paper, growth curves were used to establish an appropriate nonlinear regression model. For comparison we considered a nonhomogeneous Poisson process with its intensity based on growth curves. In the second part both approaches were applied to the real data and compared. Computational aspects are briefly discussed as well. The primary goal of this paper is to present an improved understanding of the distribution of environmental radiation as obtained from the measurements of the vertical radioactivity profiles by the radioactivity sonde system.

• MeSH
• atmosféra chemie   MeSH
• beta částice MeSH
• chemické modely MeSH
• monitorování radiace MeSH
• nelineární dynamika MeSH
• Poissonovo rozdělení MeSH
• regresní analýza MeSH
• záření gama MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

Pozadí: Česká republika patří mezi země s vysokou úmrtnostní na ischemickou chorobu srdeční (ICHS). Cílem bylo analyzovat specifickou úmrtnost na ICHS podle věku, období a kohorty narození u mužů v České republice. Design a metody: Analyzovala se národní data úmrtnosti mužů (30-74 let) v České republice v letech 1980-2004. K hodnocení vlivu věku, období a kohorty na úmrtnost se použil Poissonův regresní model. Výsledky: Úmrtnost na ICHS u mužů adekvátně popisoval model zahrnující věk, období a kohortu (p=0,121). Poměr úmrtností věkových skupin 45-49 k 40-44 byl o 17 % nižší než odpovídající poměr věkových skupin 40-44 k 35-39. Poměr relativních rizik v obdobích 1995-1999 k 1990-1994 byl o 19 % nižší než odpovídající poměr v obdobích 1990-1994 k 1985-1989. Poměry relativních rizik mezi sousedícími kohortami kolísaly kolem hodnoty 1. Závěry: Riziko úmrtnosti na ICHS bylo u mužů v České republice významně závislé na věku (riziko se zvyšovalo s věkem), kalendářním období (riziko se snížilo v posledních letech) a kohortě narození (riziko se snižovalo s kohortou narození). Zásadní pozitivní změna ve vývoji úmrtnosti na ICHS nastala po pádu komunismu v roce 1989 a u mužů po 40. roce věku.

Background: The Czech Republic belongs to countries with high coronary heart disease (CHD) mortality. The aim was to analyze age, period and cohort specific CHD mortality in men from the Czech Republic. Design and Methods: National data on mortality of men (30-74 yrs.) in the Czech Republic in 1980-2004 were explored. The Poisson regression model was applied to evaluate age, period and cohort effects on mortality. Results: An adequate fit of CHD men's mortality provided the age-period-cohort model (p=0.121). The ratio of mortality of the age group 45-49 to 40-44 was by 17 % lower than that of the age group 40-44 to 35-39. The ratio of the relative risk of period 1995-1999 to 1990-1994 was by 19 % lower than that of the period 1990-1994 to 1985-1989. The ratios of the relative risks between adjoining birth cohort-groups were close to 1. Conclusions: The fatal CHD risk in Czech men was significantly depended on age (the risk increasing with age), calendar period (the risk reduced in the recent years), and birth cohort (the risk decreasing with birth cohort). The crucial positive change in the CHD mortality trend was observed after the collapse of communism in 1989, and in men past age 40 years.

• Klíčová slova
• kardiovaskulární, úmrtnost,
• MeSH
• časové faktory MeSH
• financování organizované MeSH
• ischemická choroba srdeční epidemiologie   mortalita   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• lineární modely MeSH
• Poissonovo rozdělení MeSH
• riziko MeSH
• věkové faktory MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH

OBJECTIVE: Pelvic exenteration is a radical surgery for advanced or recurrent pelvic tumors, requiring careful patient selection and a multi-disciplinary approach. Despite advancements, it remains high-risk, with limited data on outcomes. The present meta-analysis evaluates survival, mortality, and trends to clarify its role in gynecologic oncology. METHODS: A systematic search was conducted in January 2025 to identify studies on pelvic exenteration outcomes for gynecologic malignancies. Studies with at least 10 patients reporting 5-year overall survival or 30-day mortality were included. Data extracted included patient and surgical characteristics, and a scoring system based on study design, sample size, and center volume was used to include high-quality studies (score ≥3). Poisson regression models were used to analyze the associations between predictors and outcomes, with results expressed as incidence rate ratios and a 95% CI. RESULTS: A total of 46 studies involving 4417 patients met the inclusion criteria. Most patients underwent pelvic exenteration for cervical cancer (N = 3183). Positive pelvic and aortic nodal involvement were key predictors of reduced 5-year overall survival, decreasing by 3.9% and 5.9% per 1% increase in nodal positivity, respectively. Pelvic wall involvement also significantly reduced survival by 15.9%. The 30-day mortality rate was 5.1%, with sepsis (27.2%) being the leading cause of death. Peri-operative mortality decreased significantly over time, with each year of publication associated with a 2.6% decrease in incidence rate. However, pelvic sidewall involvement and total exenteration increased 30-day mortality by 11.5% and 0.7%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Pelvic exenteration remains a viable but high-risk option for select patients with advanced gynecologic malignancies. Pre-operative assessment and multi-disciplinary planning are essential for optimizing outcomes.

• MeSH
• exenterace pánve * mortalita   metody   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nádory ženských pohlavních orgánů * chirurgie   mortalita   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• metaanalýza MeSH
• systematický přehled MeSH

AIM: This work describes the human papillomavirus (HPV) prevalence and the HPV type distribution in a large series of vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia (VAIN) grades 2/3 and vaginal cancer worldwide. METHODS: We analysed 189 VAIN 2/3 and 408 invasive vaginal cancer cases collected from 31 countries from 1986 to 2011. After histopathological evaluation of sectioned formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded samples, HPV DNA detection and typing was performed using the SPF-10/DNA enzyme immunoassay (DEIA)/LiPA25 system (version 1). A subset of 146 vaginal cancers was tested for p16(INK4a) expression, a cellular surrogate marker for HPV transformation. Prevalence ratios were estimated using multivariate Poisson regression with robust variance. RESULTS: HPV DNA was detected in 74% (95% confidence interval (CI): 70-78%) of invasive cancers and in 96% (95% CI: 92-98%) of VAIN 2/3. Among cancers, the highest detection rates were observed in warty-basaloid subtype of squamous cell carcinomas, and in younger ages. Concerning the type-specific distribution, HPV16 was the most frequently type detected in both precancerous and cancerous lesions (59%). p16(INK4a) overexpression was found in 87% of HPV DNA positive vaginal cancer cases. CONCLUSIONS: HPV was identified in a large proportion of invasive vaginal cancers and in almost all VAIN 2/3. HPV16 was the most common type detected. A large impact in the reduction of the burden of vaginal neoplastic lesions is expected among vaccinated cohorts.

• MeSH
• DNA virů analýza   MeSH
• imunoenzymatické techniky MeSH
• infekce papilomavirem komplikace   epidemiologie   virologie   MeSH
• inhibitor p16 cyklin-dependentní kinasy metabolismus   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• lidský papilomavirus 16 izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• mezinárodní spolupráce MeSH
• nádory vaginy komplikace   epidemiologie   virologie   MeSH
• Papillomaviridae izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• Poissonovo rozdělení MeSH
• prekancerózy epidemiologie   virologie   MeSH
• prevalence MeSH
• průřezové studie MeSH
• regresní analýza MeSH
• retrospektivní studie MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• spinocelulární karcinom komplikace   epidemiologie   virologie   MeSH
• výsledek terapie MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

BACKGROUND: A wide variety of interventions exists in physical therapy (PT), but knowledge about their use across different geographical regions is limited. This study investigated the use of PT interventions in people with multiple sclerosis (MS) across Europe. It aimed to determine whether regions differ in applying interventions, and explore whether factors other than regions play a role in their use. METHODS: In an online cross-sectional survey, 212 respondents from 115 European workplaces providing PT services to people with MS representing 26 countries (four European regions) participated. Cluster analysis, Pearson Chi-squared test and a Poisson regression model were used to analyze the data. RESULTS: Thirteen of 45 listed PT interventions were used by more than 75% of centers, while nine interventions were used by less than 25%. For 12 interventions, regions differed markedly in their use. Cluster analysis of centers identified four clusters similar in their intervention use. Cluster assignment did not fully align with regions. While center region was important, center size, number and gender of physical therapists working in the center, and time since qualification also played a role. Cluster analysis exploring the use of the interventions provided the basis for a categorization of PT interventions in line with their primary focus: 1. Physical activity (fitness/endurance/resistance) training; 2. Neuroproprioceptive "facilitation/inhibition"; 3. Motor/skill acquisition (individualized therapy led); 4. Technology based interventions. CONCLUSIONS: To our knowledge this is the first study that has explored this topic in MS. The results broaden our understanding of the different PT interventions used in MS, as well as the context of their use.

• MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• průřezové studie MeSH
• regresní analýza MeSH
• roztroušená skleróza terapie   MeSH
• shluková analýza MeSH
• techniky fyzikální terapie * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Evropa MeSH

• MeSH
• biologické modely MeSH
• biologie MeSH
• lineární modely MeSH
• software MeSH

• Konspekt
• Biologické vědy
• NLK Obory
• biologie
• statistika, zdravotnická statistika
• knihovnictví, informační věda a muzeologie
• NLK Publikační typ
• kolektivní monografie

Users of typical antipsychotic drugs have an increased risk of serious ventricular arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death. However, less is known regarding the cardiac safety of the atypical antipsychotic drugs, which have largely replaced the older agents in clinical practice. METHODS: We calculated the adjusted incidence of sudden cardiac death among current users of antipsychotic drugs in a retrospective cohort study of Medicaid enrollees in Tennessee. The primary analysis included 44,218 and 46,089 baseline users of single typical and atypical drugs, respectively, and 186,600 matched nonusers of antipsychotic drugs. To assess residual confounding related to factors associated with the use of antipsychotic drugs, we performed a secondary analysis of users of antipsychotic drugs who had no baseline diagnosis of schizophrenia or related psychoses and with whom nonusers were matched according to propensity score (i.e., the predicted probability that they would be users of antipsychotic drugs). RESULTS: Current users of typical and of atypical antipsychotic drugs had higher rates of sudden cardiac death than did nonusers of antipsychotic drugs, with adjusted incidence-rate ratios of 1.99 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.68 to 2.34) and 2.26 (95% CI, 1.88 to 2.72), respectively. The incidence-rate ratio for users of atypical antipsychotic drugs as compared with users of typical antipsychotic drugs was 1.14 (95% CI, 0.93 to 1.39). Former users of antipsychotic drugs had no significantly increased risk (incidence-rate ratio, 1.13; 95% CI, 0.98 to 1.30). For both classes of drugs, the risk for current users increased significantly with an increasing dose. Among users of typical antipsychotic drugs, the incidence-rate ratios increased from 1.31 (95% CI, 0.97 to 1.77) for those taking low doses to 2.42 (95% CI, 1.91 to 3.06) for those taking high doses (P<0.001). Among users of atypical agents, the incidence-rate ratios increased from 1.59 (95% CI, 1 .03 to 2.46) for those taking low doses to 2.86 (95% CI, 2.25 to 3.65) for those taking high doses (P=0.01). The findings were similar in the cohort that was matched for propensity score. CONCLUSIONS: Current users of typical and of atypical antipsychotic drugs had a similar, dose-related increased risk of sudden cardiac death. 2009 Massachusetts Medical Society

• MeSH
• antipsychotika aplikace a dávkování   škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• duševní poruchy farmakoterapie   MeSH
• financování organizované MeSH
• incidence MeSH
• kohortové studie MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• náhlá srdeční smrt epidemiologie   etiologie   MeSH
• Poissonovo rozdělení MeSH
• regresní analýza MeSH
• retrospektivní studie MeSH
• riziko MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• vztah mezi dávkou a účinkem léčiva MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH

OBJECTIVE: Bladder exstrophy (BE) is a rare but severe birth defect affecting the lower abdominal wall and genitourinary system. The objective of the study is to examine the total prevalence, trends in prevalence, and age-specific mortality among individuals with BE. STUDY DESIGN: We conducted a retrospective cohort study. Data were analyzed from 20 birth defects surveillance programs, members of the International Clearinghouse for Birth Defects Surveillance and Research in 16 countries. Live births, stillbirths, and elective terminations of pregnancy for fetal anomaly (ETOPFA) diagnosed with BE from 1974 to 2014. Pooled and program-specific prevalence of BE per 100,000 total births was calculated. The 95% confidence intervals (CI) for prevalence were estimated using Poisson approximation of binomial distribution. Time trends in prevalence of BE from 2000 to 2014 were examined using Poisson regression. Proportion of deaths among BE cases was calculated on the day of birth, day 2 to 6, day 7 to 27, day 28 to 364, 1 to 4 years, and ≥5 years. Mortality analysis was stratified by isolated, multiple, and syndromic case status. RESULTS: The pooled total prevalence of BE was 2.58 per 100,000 total births (95% CI = 2.40, 2.78) for study years 1974 to 2014. Prevalence varied over time with a decreasing trend from 2000 to 2014. The first-week mortality proportion was 3.5, 17.3, and 14.6% among isolated, multiple, and syndromic BE cases, respectively. The majority of first-week mortality occurred on the first day of life among isolated, multiple, and syndromic BE cases. The proportion of first-week deaths was higher among cases reported from programs in Latin America where ETOPFA services were not available. CONCLUSION: Prevalence of BE varied by program and showed a decreasing trend from 2000 to -2014. Mortality is a concern among multiple and syndromic cases, and a high proportion of deaths among cases occurred during the first week of life. KEY POINTS: · Total prevalence of BE was 2.58 per 100,000 births.. · Prevalence decreased from 2000 to 2014.. · The first-week mortality was 9.3%..

• MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• ekstrofie močového měchýře * epidemiologie   MeSH
• kojenec MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• novorozenec MeSH
• Poissonovo rozdělení MeSH
• předškolní dítě MeSH
• prevalence MeSH
• retrospektivní studie MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• kojenec MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• novorozenec MeSH
• předškolní dítě MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

• MeSH
• biometrie MeSH
• biostatistika MeSH
• Publikační typ
• učebnice MeSH

• Konspekt
• Statistika
• NLK Obory
• statistika, zdravotnická statistika

The present study assesses the short-term association between black smoke (BS) and sulphur dioxide (SO2) levels in urban air and the daily number of emergency room admissions for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in Nis, Serbia. Generalised linear models extending Poisson regression were fitted controlling for time trend, seasonal variations, days of the week, temperature, relative humidity, air pressure, precipitation, rainfall, snowfall, overcast, and wind velocity. The emergency room admissions for all ages for COPD were significantly associated with previous-day level of BS and lag 0-2 (1,60% and 2,26% increase per 10 microg/m3, respectively). After controlling for SO2, single lagged (lag 1 and lag 2) as well as mean lagged values of BS (up to lag 0-3) were significantly associated with COPD emergencies. No effect was found for SO2, even after controlling for black smoke. The present findings support the conclusion that current levels of ambient BS may have an effect on the respiratory health of susceptible persons.

• MeSH
• chronická obstrukční plicní nemoc MeSH
• hospitalizace statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• kouř analýza   škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• látky znečišťující vzduch analýza   škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• oxid siřičitý analýza   škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• počasí MeSH
• Poissonovo rozdělení MeSH
• urgentní služby nemocnice MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Srbsko MeSH