UNLABELLED: Infection control measures to prevent viral and bacterial infection spread are critical to maintaining a healthy environment. Pathogens such as viruses and pyogenic bacteria can cause infectious complications. Viruses such as SARS-CoV-2 are known to spread through the aerosol route and on fomite surfaces, lasting for a prolonged time in the environment. Developing technologies to mitigate the spread of pathogens through airborne routes and on surfaces is critical, especially for patients at high risk for infectious complications. Multifunctional coatings with a broad capacity to bind pathogens that result in inactivation can disrupt infectious spread through aerosol and inanimate surface spread. This study uses C-POLAR, a proprietary cationic, polyamine, organic polymer with a charged, dielectric property coated onto air filtration material and textiles. Using both SARS-CoV-2 live viral particles and bovine coronavirus models, C-POLAR-treated material shows a dramatic 2-log reduction in circulating viral inoculum. This reduction is consistent in a static room model, indicating simple airflow through a static C-POLAR hanging can capture significant airborne particles. Finally, Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria are applied to C-POLAR textiles using a viability indicator to demonstrate eradication on fomite surfaces. These data suggest that a cationic polymer surface can capture and eradicate human pathogens, potentially interrupting the infectious spread for a more resilient environment. IMPORTANCE: Infection control is critical for maintaining a healthy home, work, and hospital environment. We test a cationic polymer capable of capturing and eradicating viral and bacterial pathogens by applying the polymer to the air filtration material and textiles. The data suggest that the simple addition of cationic material can result in the improvement of an infectious resilient environment against viral and bacterial pathogens.

• MeSH
• Aerosols MeSH
• Bacteria drug effects   growth & development   MeSH
• Coronavirus, Bovine drug effects   MeSH
• COVID-19 * prevention & control   MeSH
• Fomites microbiology   virology   MeSH
• Gram-Negative Bacteria drug effects   MeSH
• Cations * chemistry   pharmacology   MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Polymers * pharmacology   chemistry   MeSH
• SARS-CoV-2 * drug effects   MeSH
• Cattle MeSH
• Textiles microbiology   virology   MeSH
• Animals MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Cattle MeSH
• Animals MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH

Neonatal hypoxic-ischemic (HI) brain insult is a major cause of neonatal mortality and morbidity. To assess the underlying pathological mechanisms, we mapped the spatiotemporal changes in polyamine, amino acid, and neurotransmitter levels, following HI insult (by the Rice-Vannucci method) in the brains of seven-day-old rat pups. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging of chemically modified small-molecule metabolites by 4-(anthracen-9-yl)-2-fluoro-1-methylpyridin-1-ium iodide revealed critical HI-related metabolomic changes of 22 metabolites in 14 rat brain subregions, much earlier than light microscopy detected signs of neuronal damage. For the first time, we demonstrated excessive polyamine oxidation and accumulation of 3-aminopropanal in HI neonatal brains, which was later accompanied by neuronal apoptosis enhanced by increases in glycine and norepinephrine in critically affected brain regions. Specifically, putrescine, cadaverine, and 3-aminopropanal increased significantly as early as 12 h postinsult, mainly in motor and somatosensory cortex, hippocampus, and midbrain, followed by an increase in norepinephrine 24 h postinsult, which was predominant in the caudate putamen, the region most vulnerable to HI. The decrease of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and the continuous dysregulation of the GABAergic system together with low taurine levels up to 36 h sustained progressive neurodegenerative cellular processes. The molecular alterations presented here at the subregional rat brain level provided unprecedented insight into early metabolomic changes in HI-insulted neonatal brains, which may further aid in the identification of novel therapeutic targets for the treatment of neonatal HI encephalopathy.

• MeSH
• Rats MeSH
• Metabolomics MeSH
• Brain * metabolism   MeSH
• Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain * metabolism   pathology   MeSH
• Neurons metabolism   MeSH
• Neurotransmitter Agents * metabolism   MeSH
• Animals, Newborn * MeSH
• Polyamines * metabolism   MeSH
• Rats, Sprague-Dawley MeSH
• Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization methods   MeSH
• Animals MeSH
• Check Tag
• Rats MeSH
• Animals MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH

Čtvrté vydání učebního textu pro posluchače Farmaceutické fakulty UK. Text doplňuje přednášku z obecné biochemie. Obsah: metabolismus sacharidů, citrátový cyklus a dýchací řetězec, fotosyntéza, metabolismus lipidů, metabolismus aminokyselin a dusíkatých látek, metabolismus porfyrinů, buněčná signalizace přes membránové receptory.; Pracovní sešit slouží jako podklad a doplněk k přednáškám z obecné biochemie pro posluchače druhého ročníku Farmaceutické fakulty UK oboru farmacie i oboru zdravotnická bioanalytika.

• Keywords
• Přírodní vědy,
• MeSH
• Biochemistry MeSH
• Cells MeSH

• NML Fields
• biochemie
• cytologie, klinická cytologie

This review comprehensively describes the recent advances in the synthesis and pharmacological evaluation of steroid polyamines squalamine, trodusquemine, ceragenins, claramine, and their diverse analogs and derivatives, with a special focus on their complete synthesis from cholic acids, as well as an antibacterial and antiviral, neuroprotective, antiangiogenic, antitumor, antiobesity and weight-loss activity, antiatherogenic, regenerative, and anxiolytic properties. Trodusquemine is the most-studied small-molecule allosteric PTP1B inhibitor. The discovery of squalamine as the first representative of a previously unknown class of natural antibiotics of animal origin stimulated extensive research of terpenoids (especially triterpenoids) comprising polyamine fragments. During the last decade, this new class of biologically active semisynthetic natural product derivatives demonstrated the possibility to form supramolecular networks, which opens up many possibilities for the use of such structures for drug delivery systems in serum or other body fluids.

• MeSH
• Anti-Infective Agents chemical synthesis   chemistry   pharmacology   MeSH
• Biological Products chemistry   pharmacology   MeSH
• Cholestanols chemistry   MeSH
• Cholestanes chemistry   MeSH
• Angiogenesis Inhibitors chemical synthesis   chemistry   pharmacology   MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Neuroprotective Agents chemical synthesis   chemistry   pharmacology   MeSH
• Antineoplastic Agents chemical synthesis   chemistry   pharmacology   MeSH
• Spermine analogs & derivatives   chemistry   MeSH
• Steroids chemical synthesis   chemistry   pharmacology   MeSH
• Triterpenes chemical synthesis   chemistry   pharmacology   MeSH
• Aquatic Organisms chemistry   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Review MeSH

Despite unfavorable Antarctic conditions, such as cold temperatures, freeze-thaw cycles, high ultraviolet radiation, dryness and lack of nutrients, microorganisms were able to adapt and surprisingly thrive in this environment. In this study, eight cold-adapted Flavobacterium strains isolated from a remote Antarctic island, James Ross Island, were studied using a polyphasic taxonomic approach to determine their taxonomic position. Phylogenetic analyses based on the 16S rRNA gene and 92 core genes clearly showed that these strains formed two distinct phylogenetic clusters comprising three and five strains, with average nucleotide identities significantly below 90% between both proposed species as well as between their closest phylogenetic relatives. Phenotyping revealed a unique pattern of biochemical and physiological characteristics enabling differentiation from the closest phylogenetically related Flavobacterium spp. Chemotaxonomic analyses showed that type strains P4023T and P7388T were characterized by the major polyamine sym-homospermidine and a quinone system containing predominantly menaquinone MK-6. In the polar lipid profile phosphatidylethanolamine, an ornithine lipid and two unidentified lipids lacking a functional group were detected as major lipids. These characteristics along with fatty acid profiles confirmed that these species belong to the genus Flavobacterium. Thorough genomic analysis revealed the presence of numerous cold-inducible or cold-adaptation associated genes, such as cold-shock proteins, proteorhodopsin, carotenoid biosynthetic genes or oxidative-stress response genes. Genomes of type strains surprisingly harbored multiple prophages, with many of them predicted to be active. Genome-mining identified biosynthetic gene clusters in type strain genomes with a majority not matching any known clusters which supports further exploratory research possibilities involving these psychrotrophic bacteria. Antibiotic susceptibility testing revealed a pattern of multidrug-resistant phenotypes that were correlated with in silico antibiotic resistance prediction. Interestingly, while typical resistance finder tools failed to detect genes responsible for antibiotic resistance, genomic prediction confirmed a multidrug-resistant profile and suggested even broader resistance than tested. Results of this study confirmed and thoroughly characterized two novel psychrotrophic Flavobacterium species, for which the names Flavobacterium flabelliforme sp. nov. and Flavobacterium geliluteum sp. nov. are proposed.

• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH

A rod-shaped and Gram-stain-negative bacterial strain 9AT, was isolated from an air sample collected at King George Island, maritime Antarctica. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence reveals that strain 9AT belongs to the genus Hymenobacter and shows the highest similarity to Hymenobacter coccineus CCM 8649T (96.8 %). The DNA G+C content based on the draft genome sequence is 64.9 mol%. Strain 9AT is strictly aerobic, psychrophilic, catalase-positive, oxidase-positive and non-motile. Growth is observed at 0-20 °C (optimum 10 °C), pH 6.0-8.0 (optimum pH 7.0), and in the absence of NaCl. The predominant menaquinone of strain 9AT is MK-7 and the major fatty acids comprise Summed Feature 3 (C16 : 1 ω7c and/or C16 : 1 ω6c; 25.2 %), iso-C15 : 0 (23.2 %), C16 : 1 ω5c (11.6 %), Summed Feature 4 (anteiso-C17 : 1 B/iso-C17 : 1 I) (9.6 %) and anteiso-C15 : 0 (9.6 %). The polar lipid profile consists of the major lipid phosphatidylethanolamine and moderate to minor amounts of phosphatidylserine, unidentified aminolipids, aminophospholipids, aminophosphoglycolipids, polar lipids lacking a functional group and an unidentified phospholipid and a glycolipid. In the polyamine pattern sym-homospermidine is predominant. On the basis of the results obtained, strain 9AT is proposed as a novel species of the genus Hymenobacter, for which the name Hymenobacter caeli sp. nov. is suggested. The type strain is 9AT (=CCM 8971T=LMG 32109T=DSM 111653T).

• MeSH
• Bacteroidetes classification   genetics   isolation & purification   MeSH
• DNA, Bacterial genetics   MeSH
• Phylogeny MeSH
• Genome, Bacterial MeSH
• Air Microbiology * MeSH
• Islands * MeSH
• Likelihood Functions MeSH
• RNA, Ribosomal, 16S genetics   MeSH
• Base Composition MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Geographicals
• Antarctic Regions MeSH
• Islands * MeSH

Vysokoškolský pracovní sešit, který se zaměřuje na obecnou biochemii, konkrétně na biochemické dráhy v buňce.; Pracovní sešit slouží jako podklad a doplněk k přednáškám z obecné biochemie pro posluchače druhého ročníku Farmaceutické fakulty UK oboru farmacie i oboru zdravotnická bioanalytika.

• MeSH
• Biochemistry MeSH
• Cells MeSH

• Conspectus
• Biochemie. Molekulární biologie. Biofyzika
• Učební osnovy. Vyučovací předměty. Učebnice
• NML Fields
• biochemie
• cytologie, klinická cytologie
• NML Publication type
• pracovní sešity
• učebnice vysokých škol

In recent years, research on spermine (Spm) has turned up a lot of new information about this essential polyamine, especially as it is able to counteract damage from abiotic stresses. Spm has been shown to protect plants from a variety of environmental insults, but whether it can prevent the adverse effects of drought has not yet been reported. Drought stress increases endogenous Spm in plants and exogenous application of Spm improves the plants' ability to tolerate drought stress. Spm's role in enhancing antioxidant defense mechanisms, glyoxalase systems, methylglyoxal (MG) detoxification, and creating tolerance for drought-induced oxidative stress is well documented in plants. However, the influences of enzyme activity and osmoregulation on Spm biosynthesis and metabolism are variable. Spm interacts with other molecules like nitric oxide (NO) and phytohormones such as abscisic acid, salicylic acid, brassinosteroids, and ethylene, to coordinate the reactions necessary for developing drought tolerance. This review focuses on the role of Spm in plants under severe drought stress. We have proposed models to explain how Spm interacts with existing defense mechanisms in plants to improve drought tolerance.

• MeSH
• Adaptation, Physiological drug effects   MeSH
• Stress, Physiological drug effects   MeSH
• Droughts * MeSH
• Oxidative Stress drug effects   MeSH
• Plants drug effects   metabolism   MeSH
• Spermine biosynthesis   pharmacology   MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
• Review MeSH

Phytophthora is arguably one of the most damaging genera of plant pathogens. This pathogen is well suited to transmission via the international plant trade, and globalization has been promoting its spread since the 19th century. Early detection is essential for reducing its economic and ecological impact. Here, a shotgun proteomics approach was utilized for Phytophthora analysis. The collection of 37 Phytophthora isolates representing 12 different species was screened for species-specific peptide patterns. Next, Phytophthora proteins were detected in planta, employing model plants Solanum tuberosum and Hordeum vulgare. Although the evolutionarily conserved sequences represented more than 10% of the host proteome and limited the pathogen detection, the comparison between qPCR and protein data highlighted more than 300 protein markers, which correlated positively with the amount of P. infestans DNA. Finally, the analysis of P. palmivora response in barley revealed significant alterations in plant metabolism. These changes included enzymes of cell wall metabolism, ROS production, and proteins involved in trafficking. The observed root-specific attenuation in stress-response mechanisms, including the biosynthesis of jasmonates, ethylene and polyamines, and an accumulation of serotonin, provided the first insight into molecular mechanisms behind this particular biotic interaction.

• MeSH
• Chromatography, Liquid MeSH
• Stress, Physiological MeSH
• Mass Spectrometry MeSH
• Hordeum enzymology   metabolism   microbiology   MeSH
• Plant Leaves metabolism   microbiology   MeSH
• Metabolic Networks and Pathways MeSH
• Plant Diseases microbiology   MeSH
• Peptides metabolism   MeSH
• Phytophthora infestans genetics   isolation & purification   MeSH
• Polymerase Chain Reaction MeSH
• Proteome metabolism   MeSH
• Proteomics MeSH
• Reactive Oxygen Species metabolism   MeSH
• Plant Proteins metabolism   MeSH
• Solanum tuberosum metabolism   microbiology   MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH