polyamine
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4 sv.
The combination of different nanomaterials has been investigated during the past few decades and represents an exciting challenge for the unexpected emerging properties of the resulting nano-hybrids. Spermidine (Spd), a biogenic polyamine, has emerged as a useful functional monomer for the development of carbon quantum dots (CQDs). Herein, an electrostatically stabilized ternary hybrid, constituted of iron oxide-DNA (the core) and spermidine carbon quantum dots (CQDSpds, the shell), was self-assembled and fully characterized. The as-obtained nano-hybrid was tested on HeLa cells to evaluate its biocompatibility as well as cellular uptake. Most importantly, besides being endowed by the magnetic features of the core, it displayed drastically enhanced fluorescence properties in comparison with parent CQDSpds and it is efficiently internalized by HeLa cells. This novel ternary nano-hybrid with multifaceted properties, ranging from fluorescence to superparamagnetism, represents an interesting option for cell tracking.
- MeSH
- biotechnologie MeSH
- fluorescence MeSH
- HeLa buňky MeSH
- kvantové tečky chemie metabolismus MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nanostruktury chemie MeSH
- polyaminy chemie metabolismus MeSH
- statická elektřina MeSH
- uhlík chemie metabolismus MeSH
- železité sloučeniny chemie metabolismus MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Plant height is among the most important agronomic traits influencing crop yield. Wheat lines carrying Rht genes are important in plant breeding due to their both higher yield capacity and better tolerance to certain environmental stresses. However, the effects of dwarf-inducing genes on stress acclimation mechanisms are still poorly understood. Under the present conditions, cadmium stress induced different stress responses and defence mechanisms in the wild-type and dwarf mutant, and the mutant with the Rht-B1c allele exhibited higher tolerance. In the wild type after cadmium treatment, the abscisic acid synthesis increased in the leaves, which in turn might have induced the polyamine and proline metabolisms in the roots. However, in the mutant line, the slight increment in the leaf abscisic acid content accompanied by relatively high salicylic acid accumulation was not sufficient to induce such a great accumulation of proline and putrescine. Although changes in proline and polyamines, especially putrescine, showed similar patterns, the accumulation of these compounds was antagonistically related to the phytochelatin synthesis in the roots of the wild type after cadmium stress. In the dwarf genotype, a favourable metabolic shift from the synthesis of polyamine and proline to that of phytochelatin was responsible for the higher cadmium tolerance observed.
634 s. : il.
Red light promotes germination after activating phytochrome phyB, which destabilizes the germination repressor PIF1. Early upon seed imbibition, canopy light, unfavorable for photosynthesis, represses germination by stabilizing PIF1 after inactivating phyB. Paradoxically, later upon imbibition, canopy light stimulates germination after activating phytochrome phyA. phyA-mediated germination is poorly understood and, intriguingly, is inefficient, compared to phyB-mediated germination, raising the question of its physiological significance. A genetic screen identified polyamine uptake transporter 2 (put2) mutants that overaccumulate polyamines, a class of antioxidant polycations implicated in numerous cellular functions, which we found promote phyA-mediated germination. In WT seeds, our data suggest that canopy light represses polyamines accumulation through PIF1 while red light promotes polyamines accumulation. We show that canopy light also downregulates PIF1 levels, through phyA; however, PIF1 reaccumulates rapidly, which limits phyA-mediated germination. High polyamines levels in decaying seeds bypass PIF1 repression of germination and stimulate phyA-mediated germination, suggesting an adaptive mechanism promoting survival when viability is compromised.
- MeSH
- Arabidopsis růst a vývoj metabolismus MeSH
- down regulace MeSH
- fytochrom A metabolismus MeSH
- klíčení MeSH
- mutace MeSH
- polyaminy metabolismus MeSH
- proteiny huseníčku genetika metabolismus MeSH
- světlo MeSH
- transkripční faktory bHLH metabolismus MeSH
- transportní systémy aminokyselin genetika metabolismus MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
The five-step synthesis of a polydentate building block combining a cyclen-based macrocycle (DO3A) with N-(2-aminoethyl)propane-1,3-diamine, which are linked through the xylylen moiety as a rigid C-spacer is described. These two molecular parts were coupled by subsequent bromine atom substitution in 1,4-bis(bromomethyl)benzene. First, N-(2-aminoethyl)propane-1,3-diamine was protected by phthaloyl moieties and then it was reacted with 1,4-bis(bromomethyl)benzene to form (2-phthalimidoethyl)(3-phthalimido-prop-1-yl)(4-bromomethylbenzyl)amine (2). This compound underwent a substitution reaction with DO3A in the form of its tert-butyl esters leading to the intermediate 1-{4-[(2-phthalimidoethyl)(3-phthalimidoprop-1-yl)aminomethyl]phenylmethyl}-4,7,10-tris(t-butoxy-carbonylmethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane (3). The phthaloyl as well as the t-butyl protecting groups were removed in the next two reaction steps to form the final product 1-{4-[(2-aminoethyl)(3-aminoprop-1-yl)aminomethyl]phenylmethyl}-4,7,10-tris(carboxy-methyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane (5). The intermediates 1-4 as well as the final product 5 were characterized by elemental analysis, mass spectrometry, and multinuclear (1H and 13C) and two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy. The final product 5 could serve as a potential building block in subsequent syntheses of binuclear complexes of lanthanides and/or transition metals.
