elektronický časopis
- MeSH
- Surgery, Computer-Assisted MeSH
- General Surgery MeSH
- Robotics MeSH
- Medical Laboratory Science MeSH
- Conspectus
- Ortopedie. Chirurgie. Oftalmologie
- NML Fields
- chirurgie
- technika lékařská, zdravotnický materiál a protetika
- NML Publication type
- elektronické časopisy
AIM: This study explored the views of an international sample of registered nurses and midwives working in health and social care concerning socially assistive robots (SARs), and the relationship between dimensions of culture and rejection of the idea that SARs had benefits in these settings. METHODS: An online survey was used to obtain rankings of (among other topics) the extent to which SARs have benefits for health and social care. It also asked for free text responses regarding any concerns about SARs. RESULTS: Most respondents were overwhelmingly positive about SARs' benefits. A small minority strongly rejected this idea, and qualitative analysis of the objections raised by them revealed three major themes: things might go wrong, depersonalization, and patient-related concerns. However, many participants who were highly accepting of the benefits of SARs expressed similar objections. Cultural dimensions of long-term orientation and uncertainty avoidance feature prominently in technology acceptance research. Therefore, the relationship between the proportion of respondents from each country who felt that SARs had no benefits and each country's ratings on long-term orientation and uncertainty avoidance were also examined. A significant positive correlation was found for long-term orientation, but not for uncertainty avoidance. CONCLUSION: Most respondents were positive about the benefits of SARs, and similar concerns about their use were expressed both by those who strongly accepted the idea that they had benefits and those who did not. Some evidence was found to suggest that cultural factors were related to rejecting the idea that SARs had benefits.
- MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Surveys and Questionnaires MeSH
- Robotics * methods MeSH
- Social Support MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
BACKGROUND: As Artificial Intelligence and social robots are increasingly used in health and social care, it is imperative to explore the training needs of the workforce, factoring in their cultural background. OBJECTIVES: Explore views on perceived training needs among professionals around the world and how these related to country cultures. DESIGN: Cross-sectional, descriptive, mixed-methods international online survey. METHODS: Descriptive statistical analysis explored the ranking across countries and relationships with three Hofstede cultural dimensions. Thematic analysis was conducted on the open-ended text responses. RESULTS: A sample of N = 1284 participants from eighteen countries. Knowing the capabilities of the robots was ranked as the top training need across all participating countries and this was also reflected in the thematic analysis. Participants' culture, expressed through three Hofstede's dimensions, revealed statistically significant ranking differences. CONCLUSIONS: Future research should further explore other factors such as the level of digital maturity of the workplace. IMPACT STATEMENT: Training needs of health and social care staff to use robotics are fast growing and preparation should factor in patient safety and be based on the principles of person- and culture-centred care.
- MeSH
- Culture MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Cross-Sectional Studies MeSH
- Robotics * MeSH
- Artificial Intelligence MeSH
- Health Personnel MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
Přehledná zpráva o možnostech použití Z-robota a robota značky Porkert ve farmaceutickém malovýrobním nebo poloprovozním provozu
Úvod: V současné etapě rozvoje chirurgie dochází k robotizaci laparoskopických výkonů v abdominální chirurgii. Cílem autora je současný pohled na tento přechod a to jak z hlediska rozvoje chirurgie, tak i přínosu pro pacienta. Metoda: Na základě literárních pramenů a vlastních zkušeností s laparoskopickou chirurgií autor shromažďuje výsledky dostupných studií srovnávajících přínos laparoskopických operací oproti výkonům laparotomickým. Dále hodnotí současný stav s klinickým uplatněním robotického systému da Vinci. Za hlavní kritéria považuje rozvoj chirurgie jako oboru a terapeutický přínos pro pacienta. Výsledky a závěr: Laparoskopická cholecystektomie, fundoplikace při refluxní chorobě, bariatrické výkony a střevní resekce se staly metodou volby nebo variantou uvedenou v doporučených postupech chirurgické léčby. Laparoskopická apendektomie má omezenou indikaci, laparoskopická reparace kýly je doporučena těm, kteří upřednostňují rychlý nástup fyzické aktivity. Další výkony vyžadují dokončení probíhajících nebo nové randomizované studie k posouzení průkaznosti. Dlouhodobé výsledky laparoskopických operací se signifikantně od laparotomických neliší. Laparoskopický výkon zvýšil cenu původního laparotomického výkonu. Ta je v případě prokázaných lepších výsledků většinou akceptována. Hlavní a podstatný benefit laparoskopických výkonů je na straně pacienta. Ergonomie práce chirurga může být v průběhu laparoskopické operace s dlouhodobě vydržovanými pozicemi těla mnohdy horší než u otevřené operace a výkon je většinou časově náročnější. Robotická asistence v laparoskopické chirurgii je nově a rychle se rozvíjející technologií tohoto desetiletí. V současné době je ve svém vývojovém začátku. Miniinvazivní charakter je shodný s konvenčním laparoskopickým přístupem. Průkaz přínosu robotického systému pro pacienta je nutné provádět ve srovnání s konvenční laparoskopickou operační technikou a jejími výsledky na základě randomizovaných studií. Výhodou robotického systému je 3D zobrazení, výrazně zlepšená pohyblivost nástrojů, lepší ergonomie chirurga a odstranění přenosu třesu rukou na pracovní nástroj. Současnou nevýhodou robotického systému da Vinci je vysoká nákupní cena zařízení, drahý provoz daný zejména drahým instrumentariem a doposud neprůkazný přínos pro pacienta v oblasti břišní chirurgie. Podmínkou zhodnocení robotického systému v břišní chirurgii u nás je provedení pilotních projektů.
Introduction: Current developments in contemporary surgery include robotization of laparoscopic abdominal procedures. The author aims to give a contemporary view of the process of transition, both from a point of view of surgery prospects, as well as from a patient's benefit point of view. Method: Based on literature data and on the authors' own experience with laparoscopic surgery, the author collects results from available studies, evaluating pros of the laparoscopic procedures compared to the laparotomic ones. Furthermore, he assesses a current situation with a clinical use of the da Vinci robotic system. Development of the surgery field and a therapeutic benefit for a patient are considered the main criteria. Results and conclusion: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy, fundoplication for a reflux disorder, bariatric procedures and resection of the intestine have become a method of choice or an option listed as a recommended surgical treatment procedure. Laparoscopic appendectomy has restricted indications, laparoscopic reparation of a hernia is recommended for patients, for whom early physical activity is a priority. In order for other procedures to be evaluated, current or new randomized studies need to be completed. There are no significant differences between long-term results of either laparoscopic or laparotomic procedures. Laparoscopic procedures have increased a price of original laparotomic procedures. However, provided better results are evidenced, it is, in most cases, accepted. It is a patient, who benefits from the laparoscopic procedures the most. A surgeon's work ergonomy during laparoscopic procedures with prolonged static body positions may often be worse than during open surgery. Also the procedure itself is, in most cases, more time-demanding. Robot assistence in laparoscopic surgery is a new and fast developing technology of this decade. Currently, its development is in the initial phase. Miniinvasive features are identical with conventional laparoscopic procedures. In order to assess patient's benefits from a robotic system application, the system must be compared with a conventional laparoscopic technique and its results, using randomized studies. The pros of the robotic system include 3D visualization, significantly improved mobility of instruments, better surgeon's ergonomy and elimination of hand shake transition on an instrument. Current disadvantage of the da Vinci robotic system is a high purchase price of the device, costly use due to expensive instrumentation and, so far, not yet confirmed benefits for a patient during abdominal surgery. Pilot projects must be completed to assess the robotic system in abdominal surgery.
Autoři popisují první hybridní roboticky asistovanou kombinovanou operaci, kterou uskutečnili na svém pracovišti. V uvedeném případě byla provedena roboticky asistovaná aortobifemorální rekonstrukce s roboticky asistovanou plastikou kýly v jizvě v jedné době. Uvedený výkon nebyl dosud v literatuře publikován a ukazuje, že při určitých zkušenostech lze nabídnout pacientovi kromě minimálně invazivní léčby základního cévního onemocnění i souběžné miniinvazivní provedení přidruženého onemocnění s velmi dobrým efektem.
The authors describe their first hybrid, combined robot-assisted surgical procedure. The procedure included robot- assisted aorto-bifemoral reconstruction and robot-assisted incisional hernioplasty in one step. The procedure has not been published in the literature yet, and it indicates that, with certain experience, concomittant management of a secondary disorder may be performed together with a minimally invasive procedure for a primary condition, with a very good outcome.
Spray drying is commonly used for producing amorphous solid dispersions to improve drug solubility. The development of such formulations typically relies on comprehensive excipient and composition screening, which requires the preparation of many spray-dried powder samples. This is both labour-intensive and time-consuming when carried out manually. In the present work, the formulation screening task was automated by coupling a laboratory spray dryer operated in a semi-continuous mode with custom-made add-ons, allowing for rapid, computer-controlled production of formulation samples with systematically varying composition. The practical use of the spray drying robot in formulation development was demonstrated on a case study of poorly water-soluble model drugs simvastatin and ezetimibe. Six different polymers and several drug:polymer ratios were screened for the enhancement of dissolution properties. From a pool of 28 spray-dried samples, ternary compositions containing Eudragit L100-55 were identified as the most suitable ones for further processing and characterisation. The ability to populate the formulation design space rapidly and automatically made it possible to construct maps of physico-chemical properties such as glass transition temperature or dissolution rate. The spray drying robot thus enables the acceleration of early formulation development and a deeper understanding of composition-property relationships for multi-component spray dried powders.
- MeSH
- Polymers chemistry MeSH
- Drug Compounding MeSH
- Robotics * MeSH
- Solubility MeSH
- Spray Drying * MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
