song complexity
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Recently, Pearse et al. explored the macroecology of passerine song using a large citizen science database of bird songs and machine learning techniques. They used standard deviation of frequency (SDF) as a surrogate for song complexity, finding only weak support for correlation between SDF and life-history traits such as monogamy and sexual dimorphism. Their finding that song complexity increases toward more productive environments and warmer areas seemingly contradicts several previous multitaxonomic studies. By comparing SDF scores with traditionally used song complexity metrics (syllable repertoire size and the number of syllable types per song), we found no evidence of any correlation. This may help to explain the discrepancy between their findings and findings of previous studies. While we agree that simple metrics that can be quantified and compared between multiple, highly variable species are crucial for progress in large-scale analysis of birdsong complexity, the biological relevance of SDF remains unclear and more research is needed to clarify its relevance for further studies of birdsong complexity.
- MeSH
- benchmarking MeSH
- vokalizace zvířat * MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- zvláštnosti životní historie * MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- komentáře MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
The Pithoviridae giant virus family exhibits the largest viral particle known so far, a prolate spheroid up to 2.5 μm in length and 0.9 μm in diameter. These particles show significant variations in size. Little is known about the structure of the intact virion due to technical limitations with conventional electron cryo-microscopy (cryo-EM) when imaging thick specimens. Here we present the intact structure of the giant Pithovirus sibericum particle at near native conditions using high-voltage electron cryo-tomography (cryo-ET) and energy-filtered cryo-EM. We detected a previously undescribed low-density outer layer covering the tegument and a periodical structuring of the fibres in the striated apical cork. Energy-filtered Zernike phase-contrast cryo-EM images show distinct substructures inside the particles, implicating an internal compartmentalisation. The density of the interior volume of Pithovirus particles is three quarters lower than that of the Mimivirus. However, it is remarkably high given that the 600 kbp Pithovirus genome is only half the size of the Mimivirus genome and is packaged in a volume up to 100 times larger. These observations suggest that the interior is densely packed with macromolecules in addition to the genomic nucleic acid.
UNLABELLED: Listening to music is experimentally associated with positive stress reduction effect on human organisms. However, the opinions of therapists about this complementary non-invasive therapy are still different. PURPOSE: The aim of our study was to investigate the effect of selected passive music therapy frequencies without vocals on selected cardio-vagal and complexity indices of short-term heart rate variability (HRV) in healthy youth, in terms of calming the human. MAIN METHODS: 30 probands (15 male, averaged age: 19.7+/-1.4 years, BMI: 23.3+/-3.8 kg/m2) were examined during protocol (Silence baseline, Music 1 (20-1000 Hz), Silence 1, Music 2 (250-2000 Hz), Silence 2, Music 3 (1000-16000 Hz), and Silence 3). Evaluated HRV parameters in time, spectral, and geometrical domains represent indices of cardio-vagal and emotional regulation. Additionally, HRV complexity was calculated by approximate entropy and sample entropy (SampEn) and subjective characteristics of each phase by Likert scale. RESULTS: the distance between subsequent R-waves in the electrocardiogram (RR intervals [ms]) and SampEn were significantly higher during Music 3 compared to Silence 3 (p=0.015, p=0.021, respectively). Geometrical cardio-vagal index was significantly higher during Music 2 than during Silence 2 (p=0.006). In the subjective perception of the healthy youths evaluated statistically through a Likert scale, the phases of music were perceived significantly more pleasant than the silent phases (p<0.001, p=0.008, p=0.003, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Our findings revealed a rise of cardio-vagal modulation and higher complexity assessed by short-term HRV indices suggesting positive relaxing effect music especially of higher frequency on human organism.
- MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- elektrokardiografie MeSH
- hudba * psychologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- nervus vagus MeSH
- srdce MeSH
- srdeční frekvence fyziologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
1. elektronické vydání 1 online zdroj (116 stran)
- Klíčová slova
- Přírodní vědy,
- MeSH
- biologická evoluce MeSH
- genetická zdatnost MeSH
- molekulární biologie MeSH
- molekulární evoluce MeSH
- NLK Obory
- biologie
- genetika, lékařská genetika
Nanoparticles functionalized with specific biological recognition molecules play a major role for sensor response enhancement in surface plasmon resonance (SPR) based biosensors. The functionalization procedure of such nanoparticles is crucial, since it influences their interactions with the environment and determines their applicability to biomolecular detection in complex matrices. In this work we show how the ζ-potential (Zpot) of bio-functionalized gold spherical NPs (Bio-NPs) is related to the SPR sensor response enhancement of an immune-sandwich-assay for the detection of the carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), a cancer marker for colorectal carcinomas. In particular, we prepare bio-functional nanoparticles by varying the amount of peptide (either streptavidin or antibody against CEA) bound on their surface. Specific and non-specific sensor responses, reproducibility, and colloidal stability of those bio-functional nanoparticles are measured via SPR and compared to ζ-potential values. Those parameters are first measured in buffer solution, then measured again when the surface of the biosensor is exposed to blood plasma, and finally when the nanoparticles are immersed in blood plasma and flowed overnight on the biosensor. We found that ζ-potential values can guide the design of bio-functional NPs with improved binding efficiency and reduced non-specific sensor response, suitable reproducibility and colloidal stability, even in complex matrixes like blood plasma.
- MeSH
- hematologické testy metody MeSH
- karcinoembryonální antigen * krev MeSH
- krevní plazma chemie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nádorové biomarkery analýza MeSH
- nanočástice analýza MeSH
- peptidy analýza MeSH
- povrchová plasmonová rezonance metody MeSH
- zlato analýza MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Aspirin supplemented with quercetin was reported to enhance the therapeutic effects of aspirin in a rat model of preeclampsia. In this study, the underlying mechanisms were further explored. Preeclampsia was induced by L-NAME (50 mg/kg/day) via oral gavage from gestation day (GD)14 to GD19. Aspirin (1.5 mg/kg/day) administration was performed using aspirin mixed with rodent dough from GD0 to GD19. The administration of quercetin (2 mg/kg/day) was performed by intraperitoneal infusion from GD0 to GD19. Protein levels were evaluated using ELISA or Western blot, and microRNA (miRNA) level was evaluated by RT-PCR. Aspirin supplemented with quercetin ameliorated the increase of systolic blood pressure (SBP), proteinuria, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels, and improved the pregnancy outcomes in preeclampsia rats. Aspirin supplemented with quercetin inhibited miR-155 expression in preeclampsia rats. The decreased miR-155 level in placenta further increased the protein level of SOCS1 and inhibited the phosphorylation of p65. In this study, we demonstrated that aspirin supplemented with quercetin enhanced the effects of aspirin for the treatment of preeclampsia.
- MeSH
- Aspirin škodlivé účinky MeSH
- krysa rodu rattus MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mikro RNA * metabolismus MeSH
- NG-nitroargininmethylester farmakologie MeSH
- placenta metabolismus MeSH
- preeklampsie * chemicky indukované farmakoterapie prevence a kontrola MeSH
- quercetin farmakologie terapeutické užití MeSH
- těhotenství MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- krysa rodu rattus MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- těhotenství MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Recent outbreaks of foodborne illnesses have shown that foodborne bacterial pathogens present a significant threat to public health, resulting in an increased need for technologies capable of fast and reliable screening of food commodities. The optimal method of pathogen detection in foods should: (i) be rapid, specific, and sensitive; (ii) require minimum sample preparation; and (iii) be robust and cost-effective, thus enabling use in the field. Here we report the use of a SPR biosensor based on ultra-low fouling and functionalizable poly(carboxybetaine acrylamide) (pCBAA) brushes for the rapid and sensitive detection of bacterial pathogens in crude food samples utilizing a three-step detection assay. We studied both the surface resistance to fouling and the functional capabilities of these brushes with respect to each step of the assay, namely: (I) incubation of the sensor with crude food samples, resulting in the capture of bacteria by antibodies immobilized to the pCBAA coating, (II) binding of secondary biotinylated antibody (Ab2) to previously captured bacteria, and (III) binding of streptavidin-coated gold nanoparticles to the biotinylated Ab2 in order to enhance the sensor response. We also investigated the effects of the brush thickness on the biorecognition capabilities of the gold-grafted functionalized pCBAA coatings. We demonstrate that pCBAA-compared to standard low-fouling OEG-based alkanethiolate self-assemabled monolayers-exhibits superior surface resistance regarding both fouling from complex food samples as well as the non-specific binding of S-AuNPs. We further demonstrate that a SPR biosensor based on a pCBAA brush with a thickness as low as 20 nm was capable of detecting E. coli O157:H7 and Salmonella sp. in complex hamburger and cucumber samples with extraordinary sensitivity and specificity. The limits of detection for the two bacteria in cucumber and hamburger extracts were determined to be 57 CFU/mL and 17 CFU/mL for E. coli and 7.4 × 10(3) CFU/mL and 11.7 × 10(3)CFU/mL for Salmonella sp., respectively. In addition, we demonstrate the simultaneous detection of E. coli and Salmonella sp. in hamburger sample using a multichannel SPR biosensor having appropriate functional coatings.
- MeSH
- biosenzitivní techniky * MeSH
- Escherichia coli O157 izolace a purifikace patogenita MeSH
- imobilizační protilátky chemie MeSH
- kontaminace potravin MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- limita detekce MeSH
- nemoci přenášené potravou diagnóza mikrobiologie MeSH
- potravinářská mikrobiologie * MeSH
- povrchová plasmonová rezonance MeSH
- zlato chemie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Members of the genus Gnaphosa belong to the largest gnaphosid spiders. They are particularly interesting in nature conservation as their distribution is mainly restricted to disappearing natural non-forest habitats. In Europe, several Gnaphosa species groups occur. The exclusively Palaearctic group G. bicolor is characterised by a retrolaterally-shifted embolus, which occupies at least part of the middle one-third of the palpal bulb; females have laterally expanded epigyne and often have very elongated median epigynal ducts (Ovtsharenko et al. 1992). So far four species of this group have been identified in Europe, with a fifth species found in Central Asia (G. tarabaevi Ovtsharenko, Platnick Song, 1992). Two of the European species, G. bicolor (Hahn, 1831) and G. badia (L. Koch, 1866), are well known and their taxonomy and nomenclature is stable, but the same does not hold true for the other two.
BACKGROUND: We investigated the features of the genomic rearrangements in a cohort of 50 male individuals with proteolipid protein 1 (PLP1) copy number gain events who were ascertained with Pelizaeus-Merzbacher disease (PMD; MIM: 312080). We then compared our new data to previous structural variant mutagenesis studies involving the Xq22 region of the human genome. The aggregate data from 159 sequenced join-points (discontinuous sequences in the reference genome that are joined during the rearrangement process) were studied. Analysis of these data from 150 individuals enabled the spectrum and relative distribution of the underlying genomic mutational signatures to be delineated. METHODS: Genomic rearrangements in PMD individuals with PLP1 copy number gain events were investigated by high-density customized array or clinical chromosomal microarray analysis and breakpoint junction sequence analysis. RESULTS: High-density customized array showed that the majority of cases (33/50; ~ 66%) present with single duplications, although complex genomic rearrangements (CGRs) are also frequent (17/50; ~ 34%). Breakpoint mapping to nucleotide resolution revealed further previously unknown structural and sequence complexities, even in single duplications. Meta-analysis of all studied rearrangements that occur at the PLP1 locus showed that single duplications were found in ~ 54% of individuals and that, among all CGR cases, triplication flanked by duplications is the most frequent CGR array CGH pattern observed. Importantly, in ~ 32% of join-points, there is evidence for a mutational signature of microhomeology (highly similar yet imperfect sequence matches). CONCLUSIONS: These data reveal a high frequency of CGRs at the PLP1 locus and support the assertion that replication-based mechanisms are prominent contributors to the formation of CGRs at Xq22. We propose that microhomeology can facilitate template switching, by stabilizing strand annealing of the primer using W-C base complementarity, and is a mutational signature for replicative repair.
- MeSH
- body zlomu chromozomu MeSH
- duplikace genu MeSH
- genetická predispozice k nemoci MeSH
- genetické asociační studie MeSH
- genom lidský MeSH
- genomika metody MeSH
- genová přestavba * MeSH
- jednonukleotidový polymorfismus MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mutace * MeSH
- myelinový proteolipidový protein genetika MeSH
- nestabilita genomu MeSH
- srovnávací genomová hybridizace MeSH
- variabilita počtu kopií segmentů DNA * MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural MeSH
Objective: The current process for reporting infectious disease in Korea is a complex workflow based on manual entry and verification of data and requires transmission of report via obsolete technologies such as FAX. As such, it incurs unnecessary time and efiort that hinder real time monitoring of epidemic outbreak. Further, the lack of standardized coding of data in the report makes it dificult to manage and analyze the data from difierent sources. We propose an interoperable infectious disease reporting system based on HL7 standards that simplifies the reporting workfiow and enables near real time reporting in Korea. Method: We first analyze the current process of infectious disease reporting in Korea and identify its shortcomings in detail. Next we analyze KRFID (Korea Report Form of Infectious Disease) and related regulations to draw a data architecture design. Finally we take existing HL7 CDA implementation guides such as PHIN and Healthcare Associated Infection (HAI) Reports Template and conduct a comparative analysis to derive our design of CDA. Result: The final design of CDA consists of Patient and Infection sections. The Patient section includes 4 entries and the Patient section has 6 entries. KRFID is composed of 24 data items, of which 14 are included in the CDA header and the other in the body. The value of each entry is encoded using either SNOMED-CT or LOINC. Conclusion: The system we developed enables fast reporting by eliminating unnecessary workload and delays. In the reporting process, the steps for manual entry, printing a form, and sending it via FAX at healthcare providers can be omitted and the procedure in which employees at Regional Health Centers manually enter data through KCDC web portal can also be removed. The system also ofiers interoperability by using international standards. Specifically, we adopted HL7 CDA for the report form and LOINC and SNOMED-CT for encoding data. Finally, due to the regulatory requirement that all infectious disease reports should be documented and archived, the adoption of CDA as the electronic format of KRFID satisfies the regulation as well as the need for real time monitoring of infectious diseases in Korea. Objective: The current process for reporting infectious disease in Korea is a complex workflow based on manual entry and veri cation of data and requires transmission of report via obsolete technologies such as FAX. As such, it incurs unnecessary time and effort that hinder real time monitoring of epidemic outbreak. Further, the lack of standardized coding of data in the report makes it difficult to manage and analyze the data from different sources. We propose an interoperable infectious disease reporting system based on HL7 standards that simpli es the reporting work ow and enables near real time reporting in Korea. Method: We rst analyze the current process of infectious disease reporting in Korea and identify its shortcomings in detail. Next we analyze KRFID (Korea Report Form of Infectious Disease) and related regulations to draw a data architecture design. Finally we take existing HL7 CDA implementation guides such as PHIN and Healthcare Associated Infection (HAI) Reports Template and conduct a comparative analysis to derive our design of CDA. Result: The nal design of CDA consists of Patient and Infection sections. The Patient section includes 4 entries and the Patient section has 6 entries. KRFID is composed of 24 data items, of which 14 are included in the CDA header and the other in the body. The value of each entry is encoded using either SNOMED-CT or LOINC. Conclusion: The system we developed enables fast reporting by eliminating unnecessary workload and delays. In the reporting process, the steps for manual entry, printing a form, and sending it via FAX at healthcare providers can be omitted and the procedure in which employees at Regional Health Centers manually enter data through KCDC web portal can also be removed. The system also o ers interoperability by using international standards. Speci cally, we adopted HL7 CDA for the report form and LOINC and SNOMED-CT for encoding data. Finally, due to the regulatory requirement that all infectious disease reports should be documented and archived, the adoption of CDA as the electronic format of KRFID satis es the regulation as well as the need for real time monitoring of infectious diseases in Kor ea.
- MeSH
- informační systémy MeSH
- lékařská informatika * MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- referenční standardy * MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Korejská republika MeSH