threshold behavior Dotaz Zobrazit nápovědu
Škála bolestivého chování (ŠBCH) pro pozorování bolestivého chování zahrnuje ctyri desetistupnové numerické stupnice: Mimika bolesti, Motorika bolesti, Paralingvální vokalizace a Verbalizace bolesti. Standardizace ŠBCH probehla na souboru 100 pacientu Centra bolesti pri Klinice rehabilitace FN v Motole. Reliabilita ŠBCH (Cronbachova Alfa) je 0,85, shoda mezi posuzovateli je 0,86. ŠBCH koreluje s testy bolesti, s názory na bolest (Mysterium, Vlastní vina), s úzkostí, depresí a s utrpením. Nekoreluje s prahem bolesti a s únavou a konflikty v práci a v rodine. ŠBCH diferencuje mezi zamestnanými a invalidními duchodci.
The Pain Behavior Scale (PBS) for pain behavior observation involves four ten-point numeric scales: Facial Expression, Body Movements, Non-Verbal Component of Voice, and Verbal Expression of Pain. One hundred patients of the Pain Center of Rehabilitation Department, Motol University Hospital in Prague were used for PBS standardization. Cronbach's Alpha is 0,85, between observer agreement is 0,86. PBS correlates with tests of pain, pain beliefs (Mystery, Self-Blame), anxiety, depression and suffering. Correlations with pain threshold, fatigue and conflicts at work and in family are not significant. PBS differentiates between employed patients and disabled patients (non-working, living with insurance support).
- MeSH
- adaptace psychologická fyziologie MeSH
- bolest komplikace psychologie MeSH
- chování fyziologie MeSH
- práh bolesti fyziologie psychologie MeSH
- Publikační typ
- přehledy MeSH
In recent years, epidemiological data has shown an increasing number of young people who deliberately self-injure. There have also been parallel increases in the number of people with tattoos and those who voluntarily undergo painful procedures associated with piercing, scarification, and tattooing. People with self-injury behaviors often say that they do not feel the pain. However, there is no information regarding pain perception in those that visit tattoo parlors and piercing studios compared to those who don't. The aim of this study was to compare nociceptive sensitivity in four groups of subjects (n=105, mean age 26 years, 48 women and 57 men) with different motivations to experience pain (i.e., with and without multiple body modifications) in two different situations; (1) in controlled, emotionally neutral conditions, and (2) at a "Hell Party" (HP), an event organized by a piercing and tattoo parlor, with a main event featuring a public demonstration of painful techniques (burn scars, hanging on hooks, etc.). Pain thresholds of the fingers of the hand were measured using a thermal stimulator and mechanical algometer. In HP participants, information about alcohol intake, self-harming behavior, and psychiatric history were used in the analysis as intervening variables. Individuals with body modifications as well as without body modifications had higher thermal pain thresholds at Hell Party, compared to thresholds measured at control neutral conditions. No such differences were found relative to mechanical pain thresholds. Increased pain threshold in all HP participants, irrespectively of body modification, cannot be simply explained by a decrease in the sensory component of pain; instead, we found that the environment significantly influenced the cognitive and affective component of pain.
- MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- měření bolesti metody psychologie MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- piercing psychologie MeSH
- práh bolesti fyziologie psychologie MeSH
- tetování psychologie MeSH
- vysoká teplota škodlivé účinky MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Isolated REM sleep behavior disorder (iRBD) is an early stage of synucleinopathy with most patients progressing to Parkinson's disease (PD) or related conditions. Quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) in PD has identified pathological iron accumulation in the substantia nigra (SN) and variably also in basal ganglia and cortex. Analyzing whole-brain QSM across iRBD, PD, and healthy controls (HC) may help to ascertain the extent of neurodegeneration in prodromal synucleinopathy. 70 de novo PD patients, 70 iRBD patients, and 60 HCs underwent 3 T MRI. T1 and susceptibility-weighted images were acquired and processed to space standardized QSM. Voxel-based analyses of grey matter magnetic susceptibility differences comparing all groups were performed on the whole brain and upper brainstem levels with the statistical threshold set at family-wise error-corrected p-values <.05. Whole-brain analysis showed increased susceptibility in the bilateral fronto-parietal cortex of iRBD patients compared to both PD and HC. This was not associated with cortical thinning according to the cortical thickness analysis. Compared to iRBD, PD patients had increased susceptibility in the left amygdala and hippocampal region. Upper brainstem analysis revealed increased susceptibility within the bilateral SN for both PD and iRBD compared to HC; changes were located predominantly in nigrosome 1 in the former and nigrosome 2 in the latter group. In the iRBD group, abnormal dopamine transporter SPECT was associated with increased susceptibility in nigrosome 1. iRBD patients display greater fronto-parietal cortex involvement than incidental early-stage PD cohort indicating more widespread subclinical neuropathology. Dopaminergic degeneration in the substantia nigra is paralleled by susceptibility increase, mainly in nigrosome 1.
- MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mozek diagnostické zobrazování patologie MeSH
- Parkinsonova nemoc * komplikace MeSH
- porucha chování v REM spánku * diagnostické zobrazování MeSH
- substantia nigra diagnostické zobrazování patologie MeSH
- synukleinopatie * komplikace patologie MeSH
- železo MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
The optimal acceptance threshold hypothesis provides a general predictive framework for testing behavioural responses to discrimination challenges. Decision-makers should respond to a stimulus when the perceived difference between that stimulus and a comparison template surpasses an acceptance threshold. We tested how individual components of a relevant recognition cue (experimental eggs) contributed to behavioural responses of chalk-browed mockingbirds, Mimus saturninus, a frequent host of the parasitic shiny cowbird, Molothrus bonariensis. To do this, we recorded responses to eggs that varied with respect to two components: colour, ranging from bluer to browner than the hosts' own eggs, and spotting, either spotted like their own or unspotted. Although tests of this hypothesis typically assume that decisions are based on perceived colour dissimilarity between own and foreign eggs, we found that decisions were biased toward rejecting browner eggs. However, as predicted, hosts tolerated spotted eggs more than unspotted eggs, irrespective of colour. These results uncover how a single component of a multicomponent cue can shift a host's discrimination threshold and illustrate how the optimal acceptance threshold hypothesis can be used as a framework to quantify the direction and amount of the shift (in avian perceptual units) of the response curve across relevant phenotypic ranges. This article is part of the theme issue 'The coevolutionary biology of brood parasitism: from mechanism to pattern'.
- MeSH
- barva MeSH
- hnízdění * MeSH
- ovum MeSH
- podněty * MeSH
- rozhodování MeSH
- rozpoznávání (psychologie) MeSH
- vnímání barev * MeSH
- zpěvní ptáci parazitologie fyziologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Surgical procedures associated with tissue injury are often followed by increased sensitivity to innocuous and noxious stimuli in the vicinity of the surgical wound. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 receptor (TRPV1) containing nociceptors in this process, by their functional inactivation using a high-concentration intradermal injection of capsaicin in a rat plantar incision model. Paw withdrawal responses to mechanical stimuli (von Frey filaments 10-367mN) and to radiant heat applied on plantar skin were tested in animals treated with capsaicin or the vehicle 6 days and 24h before or 2h after the incision was made. In the vehicle-treated animals, mechanical and thermal sensitivity increased significantly 1-96h following the incision. Capsaicin applied 24h before the surgery was most effective and significantly diminished the development of post-incisional mechanical allodynia and hyperalgesia. Thermal hypoalgesia was present in the incised paw after the capsaicin treatment. Capsaicin application 6 days before the incision induced thermal hypoalgesia before the incision but did not prevent completely the thermal hyperalgesia after the incision, while there was also a reduction of mechanical hypersensitivity. Application of the capsaicin injection after the incision showed its first effect at 2h after the injection and at 24h the effect was comparable with the 6 days pretreatment. Our results show an important role of TRPV1-containing nociceptors in the development of post-surgical hypersensitivity and suggest that local, high-concentration capsaicin treatment could be used to reduce it.
- MeSH
- chování zvířat účinky léků MeSH
- financování organizované MeSH
- kapsaicin aplikace a dávkování MeSH
- kationtové kanály TRPV metabolismus MeSH
- krysa rodu rattus MeSH
- měření bolesti účinky léků MeSH
- modely nemocí na zvířatech MeSH
- nociceptory radiografie účinky léků MeSH
- pooperační bolest metabolismus prevence a kontrola MeSH
- potkani Wistar MeSH
- práh bolesti účinky léků MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- krysa rodu rattus MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
