Kalaharia uncinata (Schinz) Moldenke, is a tropical erect bushy shrub or subshrub of the Lamiaceae family. It is an endemic plant species of Southern Africa, widely used in the pharmacopoeia against upper respiratory tract infections. A previously conducted ethnobotanical survey revealed that it is believed to contain bioactive substances. However, no relevant phytochemical information was available. This study aimed to perform a phytochemical characterization of K. uncinata and also to discuss the potential bioactivity of the identified phytochemical constituents based on documented data. Ultra-performance liquid chromatography with electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS) was used for profiling and identification of the main phytochemical constituents from leaf extracts (MeOH 90 %, DCM, AcOEt, BuOH, hexane and residue) of K.uncinata. Twenty-four constituents, representing mainly flavonoids (14), followed by phenylethanoid glycosides (7), phenolic acids (2), and an iridoid glycoside (1) were tentatively identified. Most of the identified compounds are documented to have antiviral and anti-inflammatory properties, which could possibly be the rationale behind the use of K. uncinata against upper respiratory tract infections.

• Klíčová slova
• Kalaharia uncinata, Lamiaceae, UPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS, phytochemical profiling, upper respiratory tract infections,
• MeSH
• fytonutrienty chemie   MeSH
• glykosidy * MeSH
• hluchavkovité * MeSH
• tradiční lékařství MeSH
• vysokoúčinná kapalinová chromatografie metody   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Konžská demokratická republika MeSH
• Názvy látek
• fytonutrienty MeSH
• glykosidy * MeSH

The present study aimed to investigate the phytochemical profile of leaf methanol extracts of fourteen Smallanthus sonchifolius (yacon) landraces and their antioxidant, anticholinesterase and antidiabetic activities that could lead to the finding of more effective agents for the treatment and management of Alzheimer's disease and diabetes. For this purpose, antioxidant activity was assessed using different tests: ferric reducing ability power (FRAP), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH), nitric oxide (˙NO) and superoxide (O2˙-) scavenging and lipid peroxidation inhibition assays. Anticholinesterase activity was investigated by quantifying the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) inhibitory activities, whereas antidiabetic activity was investigated by α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibition tests. To understand the contribution of metabolites, phytochemical screening was also performed by high performance liquid chromatography-diode array detector (HPLC-DAD) system. Among all, methanol extract of PER09, PER04 and ECU44 landraces exhibited the highest relative antioxidant capacity index (RACI). ECU44 was found to be rich in 4,5-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid (CQA) and 3,5-di-O-CQA and displayed a good α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibition, showing the lowest IC50 values. Flavonoids, instead, seem to be involved in the AChE and BChE inhibition. The results of this study revealed that the bioactive compound content differences could be determinant for the medicinal properties of this plant especially for antioxidant and antidiabetic activities.

• Klíčová slova
• Smallanthus sonchifolius, anti-cholinesterase activity, anti-diabetic activity, antioxidant activity, phytochemical profile,
• MeSH
• alfa-amylasy antagonisté a inhibitory   MeSH
• Alzheimerova nemoc farmakoterapie   MeSH
• antioxidancia chemie   farmakologie   MeSH
• Asteraceae chemie   MeSH
• cholinesterasové inhibitory chemie   farmakologie   MeSH
• diabetes mellitus farmakoterapie   MeSH
• fenoly chemie   MeSH
• flavonoidy chemie   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• fytonutrienty aplikace a dávkování   chemie   MeSH
• hypoglykemika chemie   farmakologie   MeSH
• inhibitory glykosidových hydrolas chemie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• listy rostlin chemie   MeSH
• oxid dusnatý chemie   metabolismus   MeSH
• peroxidace lipidů účinky léků   MeSH
• rostlinné extrakty aplikace a dávkování   chemie   MeSH
• vysokoúčinná kapalinová chromatografie MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• alfa-amylasy MeSH
• antioxidancia MeSH
• cholinesterasové inhibitory MeSH
• fenoly MeSH
• flavonoidy MeSH
• fytonutrienty MeSH
• hypoglykemika MeSH
• inhibitory glykosidových hydrolas MeSH
• oxid dusnatý MeSH
• rostlinné extrakty MeSH

Essential oil from Thymus vulgaris L. has valuable therapeutic potential that is highly desired in pharmaceutical, food, and cosmetic industries. Considering these advantages and the rising market demand, induced polyploids were obtained using oryzalin to enhance essential oil yield. However, their therapeutic values were unexplored. So, this study aims to assess the phytochemical content, and antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities of tetraploid and diploid thyme essential oils. Induced tetraploids had 41.11% higher essential oil yield with enhanced thymol and γ-terpinene content than diploid. Tetraploids exhibited higher antibacterial activity against all tested microorganisms. Similarly, in DPPH radical scavenging assay tetraploid essential oil was more potent with half-maximal inhibitory doses (IC50) of 180.03 µg/mL (40.05 µg TE/mg) than diploid with IC50 > 512 µg/mL (12.68 µg TE/mg). Tetraploids exhibited more effective inhibition of in vitro catalytic activity of pro-inflammatory enzyme cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) than diploids at 50 µg/mL concentration. Furthermore, molecular docking revealed higher binding affinity of thymol and γ-terpinene towards tested protein receptors, which explained enhanced bioactivity of tetraploid essential oil. In conclusion, these results suggest that synthetic polyploidization using oryzalin could effectively enhance the quality and quantity of secondary metabolites and can develop more efficient essential oil-based commercial products using this induced genotype.

• MeSH
• dinitrobenzeny * MeSH
• fytonutrienty farmakologie   MeSH
• monoterpeny s cyklohexanovým kruhem * MeSH
• oleje prchavé * farmakologie   chemie   MeSH
• oleje rostlin * MeSH
• simulace molekulového dockingu MeSH
• sulfanilamidy * MeSH
• tetraploidie MeSH
• thymol farmakologie   MeSH
• Thymus (rostlina) * chemie   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• dinitrobenzeny * MeSH
• fytonutrienty MeSH
• gamma-terpinene MeSH Prohlížeč
• monoterpeny s cyklohexanovým kruhem * MeSH
• oleje prchavé * MeSH
• oleje rostlin * MeSH
• oryzalin MeSH Prohlížeč
• sulfanilamidy * MeSH
• thyme oil MeSH Prohlížeč
• thymol MeSH

Antioxidant phytochemicals play a key role in oxidative stress control and in the prevention of related disorders, such as premature aging, degenerative diseases, diabetes, and cancer. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential antioxidant activity and the phytochemical profile of Senecio clivicolus Wedd., a perennial shrub, belonging to the Asteraceae family. Despite the wide interest of this family, this specie has not been investigated yet. S. clivicolus aerial parts were extracted with 96% ethanol. Then, the ethanol extract was fractionated by liquid/liquid extraction using an increasing solvents polarity. Total polyphenol and terpenoid contents were measured. Moreover, the antioxidant activity was evaluated by six different complementary in vitro assays. The Relative Antioxidant Capacity Index (RACI) was used to compare data obtained by different tests. The sample showing the highest RACI was subjected to characterization and quantitation of its phenolic composition using LC-MS/MS analysis. The ethyl acetate fraction, investigated by LC-MS/MS analysis, showed 30 compounds, most of them are chlorogenic acid and flavonoid derivatives. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report about the evaluation of antioxidant activity and phytochemical profile of S. clivicolus, underlying the importance of this species as a source of health-promoting phytochemicals.

• Klíčová slova
• Asteraceae, DPPH, RACI, Senecio clivicolus, UHPLC-MS/MS, beta-carotene bleaching, flavonoids, health-promoting compounds, phenolic characterization, polyphenols,
• MeSH
• antioxidancia chemie   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• flavonoidy chemie   MeSH
• fytonutrienty chemie   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• kyselina chlorogenová analogy a deriváty   chemie   MeSH
• oxid dusnatý chemie   MeSH
• oxidace-redukce MeSH
• polyfenoly chemie   MeSH
• rostlinné extrakty chemie   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• rozpouštědla MeSH
• Senecio chemie   MeSH
• tandemová hmotnostní spektrometrie metody   MeSH
• terpeny chemie   MeSH
• vysokoúčinná kapalinová chromatografie metody   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• antioxidancia MeSH
• flavonoidy MeSH
• fytonutrienty MeSH
• kyselina chlorogenová MeSH
• oxid dusnatý MeSH
• polyfenoly MeSH
• rostlinné extrakty MeSH
• rozpouštědla MeSH
• terpeny MeSH

Cryptostephanus vansonii I. Verd., an endemic Amaryllidaceae species from Zimbabwe, was evaluated for its acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitory and cytotoxicity properties using Ellman's colorimetric method and the tetrazolium-based colorimetric assay against Vero monkey kidney cells, respectively. The plant extracts were also evaluated for their antibacterial activity against five bacteria. Furthermore, phytochemical profiles of the extracts were determined using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry analysis. A plant part-dependent AChE inhibitory activity was observed, in the order, root > rhizome > basal leaf > leaf. Overall, C. vansonii extracts exhibited better antibacterial activity against Gram-negative compared with Gram-positive bacteria. Cytotoxic effects were not detected in Vero monkey kidney cell lines suggesting the possible absence of toxophores in C. vansonii extracts. Similar to the trend in biological activity, a distinct plant part-dependent variation in hydroxybenzoates, hydroxycinnamates and flavonoids was observed in the plant extracts. In addition, 5-hydroxymetylfurfural and eucomic acid were detected in the different plant parts of C. vansonii. The results of the present study provide valuable AChE inhibition activity, toxicological and phytochemical profiles of C. vansonii. Further studies on isolation of bioactive compounds and their subsequent evaluation in other pharmacological and toxicological model systems are required. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

• Klíčová slova
• Amaryllidaceae, acetylcholinesterase inhibition, antibacterial, cytotoxicity, flavonoids, phenolic acids,
• MeSH
• acetylcholinesterasa metabolismus   MeSH
• antibakteriální látky farmakologie   MeSH
• Bacteria účinky léků   MeSH
• cholinesterasové inhibitory chemie   farmakologie   MeSH
• flavonoidy farmakologie   MeSH
• fytonutrienty farmakologie   MeSH
• liliovité chemie   MeSH
• listy rostlin chemie   MeSH
• rostlinné extrakty farmakologie   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• acetylcholinesterasa MeSH
• antibakteriální látky MeSH
• cholinesterasové inhibitory MeSH
• flavonoidy MeSH
• fytonutrienty MeSH
• rostlinné extrakty MeSH

BACKGROUND: Endophytic fungi (EF) reside within plants without causing harm and provide benefits such as enhancing nutrients and producing bioactive compounds, which improve the medicinal properties of host plants. Selecting plants with established medicinal properties for studying EF is important, as it allows a deeper understanding of their influence. Therefore, the study aimed to investigate the impact of EF after inoculating the medicinal plant Perilla frutescens, specifically focusing on their role in enhancing medicinal properties. RESULTS: In the current study, the impact of two EF i.e., Irpex lenis and Schizophyllum commune isolated from A. bracteosa was observed on plant Perilla frutescens leaves after inoculation. Plants were divided into four groups i.e., group A: the control group, group B: inoculated with I. lenis; group C: inoculated with S. commune and group D: inoculated with both the EF. Inoculation impact of I. lenis showed an increase in the concentration of chlorophyll a (5.32 mg/g), chlorophyll b (4.46 mg/g), total chlorophyll content (9.78 mg/g), protein (68.517 ± 0.77 mg/g), carbohydrates (137.886 ± 13.71 mg/g), and crude fiber (3.333 ± 0.37%). Furthermore, the plants inoculated with I. lenis showed the highest concentrations of P (14605 mg/kg), Mg (4964.320 mg/kg), Ca (27389.400 mg/kg), and Mn (86.883 mg/kg). The results of the phytochemical analysis also indicated an increased content of total flavonoids (2.347 mg/g), phenols (3.086 mg/g), tannins (3.902 mg/g), and alkaloids (1.037 mg/g) in the leaf extract of P. frutescens inoculated with I. lenis. Thus, overall the best results of inoculation were observed in Group B i.e. inoculated with I. lenis. GC-MS analysis of methanol leaf extract showed ten bioactive constituents, including 9-Octadecenoic acid (Z)-, methyl ester, and hexadecanoic acid, methyl ester as major constituents found in all the groups of P. frutescens leaves. The phenol (gallic acid) and flavonoids (rutin, kaempferol, and quercetin) were also observed to increase after inoculation by HPTLC analysis. The enhancement in the phytochemical content was co-related with improved anti-oxidant potential which was analyzed by DPPH (% Inhibition: 83.45 µg/ml) and FRAP (2.980 µM Fe (II) equivalent) assay as compared with the control group. CONCLUSION: Inoculation with I. lenis significantly enhances the uptake of nutritional constituents, phytochemicals, and antioxidant properties in P. frutescens, suggesting its potential to boost the therapeutic properties of host plants.

• Klíčová slova
• Endophytic fungi, Gene sequencing, Inoculation, Isolation, Nutrient up-take, Phytoconstituent profiling,
• MeSH
• antioxidancia * metabolismus   MeSH
• chlorofyl metabolismus   MeSH
• endofyty * metabolismus   MeSH
• fytonutrienty * chemie   metabolismus   farmakologie   MeSH
• listy rostlin * mikrobiologie   chemie   MeSH
• perila křovitá * chemie   metabolismus   MeSH
• Schizophyllum * metabolismus   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• antioxidancia * MeSH
• chlorofyl MeSH
• fytonutrienty * MeSH

Oxidative stress is involved in different diseases, such as diabetes and neurodegenerative diseases. The genus Azorella includes about 70 species of flowering plant species; most of them are commonly used as food and in particular as a tea infusion in the Andean region of South America in folk medicine to treat various chronic diseases. Azorella glabra Wedd. aerial parts were firstly analyzed for their in vitro antioxidant activity using different complementary assays. In particular, radical scavenging activity was tested against biological neutral radical DPPH; ferric reducing power and lipid peroxidation inhibitory capacity (FRAP and Beta-Carotene Bleaching tests) were also determined. The Relative Antioxidant Capacity Index (RACI) was used to compare data obtained by different assays. Then, the inhibitory ability of samples was investigated against α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzymes involved in diabetes and against acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase enzymes considered as strategy for the treatment of Parkinson's or Alzheimer's diseases. Moreover, the phytochemical profile of the sample showing the highest RACI (1.35) and interesting enzymatic activities (IC50 of 163.54 ± 9.72 and 215.29 ± 17.10 μg/mL in α-glucosidase and acetylcholinesterase inhibition, respectively) was subjected to characterization and quantification of its phenolic composition using LC-MS/MS analysis. In fact, the ethyl acetate fraction derived from ethanol extract by liquid/liquid extraction showed 29 compounds, most of them are cinnamic acid derivatives, flavonoid derivatives, and a terpene. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report about the evaluation of significant biological activities and phytochemical profile of A. glabra, an important source of health-promoting phytochemicals.

• Klíčová slova
• Apiaceae, Azorella glabra, Beta-Carotene Bleaching, DPPH, RACI, UHPLC-MS/MS, flavonoids, health-promoting compounds, phenolic characterization, polyphenols,
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Paulownia tomentosa, a member of the plant family Paulowniaceae and a rich source of biologically active secondary metabolites, is traditionally used in Chinese herbal medicine. Flavonoids, lignans, phenolic glycosides, quinones, terpenoids, glycerides, phenolic acids, and miscellaneous other compounds have been isolated from different parts of P. tomentosa plant. Recent interest in this species has focused on isolating and identifying of prenylated flavonoids, that exhibit potent antioxidant, antibacterial, and antiphlogistic activities and inhibit severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus papain-like protease. They show cytotoxic activity against various human cancer cell lines and inhibit the effects of human cholinesterase, butyrylcholinesterase, and bacterial neuraminidases. Most of the compounds considered here have never been isolated from any other species of plant. This review summarizes the information about the isolated compounds that are active, their bioactivities, and the structure-activity relationships that have been worked out for them.

• Klíčová slova
• Bignonia tomentosa, Flavonoid, Lignan, Paulownia tomentosa, Paulowniaceae, Phenolic glycosides,
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

Grasses are a valuable group of monocotyledonous plants, used as nourishing foods and as remedies against diseases for both humans and livestock. Phytochemical profiles of 13 medicinal grasses were quantified, using spectrophotometric methods and ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS), while the antioxidant activity was done using DPPH and ferric-reducing-power assays. The phytochemical analysis included the total soluble phenolic content, flavonoids, proanthocyanidins, iridoids and phenolic acids. Among the 13 grasses, the root methanolic extracts of Cymbopogon spp., Cymbopogon nardus and Cenchrus ciliaris contained the highest concentrations of total soluble phenolics (27-31 mg GAE/g DW) and flavonoids (4-13 mg CE/g DW). Condensed tannins and total iridoid content were highest (2.3 mg CCE/g DW and 3.2 mg HE/g DW, respectively) in Cymbopogon nardus. The most common phenolic compounds in the grass species included ρ-coumaric, ferulic, salicylic and vanillic acids. In the DPPH radical scavenging assay, the EC50 values ranged from 0.02 to 0.11 mg/mL for the different grasses. The best EC50 activity (lowest) was exhibited by Cymbopogon nardus roots (0.02 mg/mL) and inflorescences (0.04 mg/mL), Cymbopogon spp. roots (0.04 mg/mL) and Vetiveria zizanioides leaves (0.06 mg/mL). The highest ferric-reducing power was detected in the whole plant extract of Cynodon dactylon (0.085 ± 0.45; r2 = 0.898). The observed antioxidant activity in the various parts of the grasses may be due to their rich pool of phytochemicals. Thus, some of these grasses provide a source of natural antioxidants and phytochemicals that can be explored for their therapeutic purposes.

• Klíčová slova
• Poaceae, UHPLC, flavonoids, medicinal plants, phenolic acids, secondary metabolites,
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Metabolites of the edible and medicinal plant Arctium have been shown to possess beneficial activities. The phytochemical profile of Arctium lappa is well-explored and its fruits are known to contain mainly lignans, fatty acids, and sterols. But the fruits of other Arctium species have not been thoroughly investigated. Therefore, this study compares the metabolic profiles of the fruits of A. lappa, Arctium tomentosum, and Arctium minus. Targeted metabolomics led to the putative identification of 53 metabolites in the fruit extracts, the majority of these being lignans and fatty acids. Quantification of the major lignans showed that the year of collection had a significant effect on the lignan content. Furthermore, A. lappa fruits contained lesser amounts of arctigenin but greater amounts of arctigenin glycoside than A. minus fruits. Regarding the profile of fatty acids, A. minus fruits differed from the others in the presence of linolelaidic acid.

• Klíčová slova
• Arctium, burdock, Fatty acids, LC-MS, Lignans, Metabolomics,
• MeSH
• Arctium * chemie   MeSH
• furany analýza   metabolismus   MeSH
• fytonutrienty analýza   MeSH
• lignany * analýza   MeSH
• mastné kyseliny * analýza   metabolismus   MeSH
• metabolom MeSH
• metabolomika MeSH
• ovoce * chemie   MeSH
• rostlinné extrakty * analýza   chemie   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• srovnávací studie MeSH
• Názvy látek
• arctigenin MeSH Prohlížeč
• furany MeSH
• fytonutrienty MeSH
• lignany * MeSH
• mastné kyseliny * MeSH
• rostlinné extrakty * MeSH