- Publikační typ
- abstrakt z konference MeSH
The alkaline comet assay, or single cell gel electrophoresis, is one of the most popular methods for assessing DNA damage in human population. One of the open issues concerning this assay is the identification of those factors that can explain the large inter-individual and inter-laboratory variation. International collaborative initiatives such as the hCOMET project - a COST Action launched in 2016 - represent a valuable tool to meet this challenge. The aims of hCOMET were to establish reference values for the level of DNA damage in humans, to investigate the effect of host factors, lifestyle and exposure to genotoxic agents, and to compare different sources of assay variability. A database of 19,320 subjects was generated, pooling data from 105 studies run by 44 laboratories in 26 countries between 1999 and 2019. A mixed random effect log-linear model, in parallel with a classic meta-analysis, was applied to take into account the extensive heterogeneity of data, due to descriptor, specimen and protocol variability. As a result of this analysis interquartile intervals of DNA strand breaks (which includes alkali-labile sites) were reported for tail intensity, tail length, and tail moment (comet assay descriptors). A small variation by age was reported in some datasets, suggesting higher DNA damage in oldest age-classes, while no effect could be shown for sex or smoking habit, although the lack of data on heavy smokers has still to be considered. Finally, highly significant differences in DNA damage were found for most exposures investigated in specific studies. In conclusion, these data, which confirm that DNA damage measured by the comet assay is an excellent biomarker of exposure in several conditions, may contribute to improving the quality of study design and to the standardization of results of the comet assay in human populations.
- MeSH
- biologické markery krev MeSH
- kometový test metody MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- poškození DNA genetika fyziologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
Erectile dysfunction (ED) and diabetes mellitus (DM) share common pathophysiological risk factors including endothelial dysfunction which together with hyperglycemia contribute to the increased oxidative/glycooxidative stress. A reduced NO concentration is insufficient for relaxation processes in the penis. Chronic inflammation and endoglin are involved in the regulation of endothelial function. Adiponectin from the adipose tissue has anti-inflammatory effects. Our study aimed to investigate the relation between erectile function in patients with and without DM and the oxidative stress, hormone adiponectin, and endothelial dysfunction marker endoglin. Men (n=32) with ED evaluated by the International Index of Erectile function (IIEF-5) questionnaire (17 without DM (NDM); 15 with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM)) and 31 controls were included. Advanced glycation end products (AGEs), 8-isoprostanes (8-isoP), protein carbonyls, antioxidant capacity, adiponectin and endoglin were determined in the blood. DM patients compared to NDM patients and controls, had increased levels of glucose, C-reactive protein, triacylglycerols, 8-isoP, AGEs, endoglin and BMI. IIEF-5 score, NO and adiponectin levels were decreased. We are the first to find out that endoglin shows a negative correlation with erectile function in NDM, but not in DM patients. Endoglin can be considered as endothelial dysfunction marker in nondiabetic men suffering from ED.
- MeSH
- adiponektin krev MeSH
- diabetes mellitus 2. typu diagnóza epidemiologie krev MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- endoglin krev MeSH
- erektilní dysfunkce diagnóza epidemiologie krev MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- oxidační stres fyziologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- srovnávací studie MeSH
- Publikační typ
- abstrakt z konference MeSH
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) and depressive disorders (DD) are two of the most prevalent health problems in the world. Although CVD and depression have different origin, they share some common pathophysiological characteristics and risk factors, such as the increased production of proinflammatory cytokines, endothelial dysfunction, blood flow abnormalities, decreased glucose metabolism, elevated plasma homocysteine levels, oxidative stress and disorder in vitamin D metabolism. Current findings confirm the common underlying factors for both pathologies, which are related to dramatic dietary changes in the mid-19th century. By changing dietary ratio of omega-6 to omega-3 fatty acids from 1:1 to 15-20:1 some changes in metabolism were induced, such as increased pro-inflammatory mediators and modulations of different signaling pathways following pathophysiological response related to both, cardiovascular diseases and depressive disorders.
- MeSH
- depresivní poruchy epidemiologie metabolismus patofyziologie MeSH
- dietní tuky aplikace a dávkování škodlivé účinky MeSH
- kardiovaskulární nemoci epidemiologie metabolismus patofyziologie MeSH
- kyseliny mastné omega-3 aplikace a dávkování metabolismus MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mediátory zánětu metabolismus MeSH
- oxidační stres fyziologie MeSH
- signální transdukce fyziologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
The physiological function of butyrylcholinesterase (EC 3.1.1.8, BChE) is not clearly understood, but a role was suggested in the fat utilization process, resulting in positive correlation between plasma triglyceride (TG) levels and BChE activity. Consequently we tested the hypothesis that regular intake of betaine, a natural compound intervening in the liver TG metabolism could influence the BChE activity. The BChE activity was estimated spectrophotometrically in plasma of rats fed with betaine enriched standard (B) or high-fat diet (HFB). The results confirmed decreased TG plasma levels after betaine treatment independently on the type of diet (0.15+/-0.03 (B) vs. 0.27+/-0.08 (control) mmol/l; p=0.003 and 0.13+/-0.03 (HFB) vs. 0.27+/-0.08 (control) mmol/l; p=0.005). The BChE activity increased significantly with betaine administration, however the change was more distinct in the HFB group (0.84+/-0.34 (HFB) vs. 0.22+/-0.04 (control) O.D./min/mg; p<0.001 and 0.41+/-0.11 (B) vs. 0.22+/-0.04 (control) O.D./min/mg; p=0.001). In conclusion, betaine intake led to elevated BChE activity in plasma and this effect was potentiated by the HF diet. Since betaine is in general used as a supplement in the treatment of liver diseases accompanied by TG overload, its impact on the BChE activity in the role of the liver function marker should be taken into account.
- MeSH
- aktivace enzymů účinky léků fyziologie MeSH
- betain aplikace a dávkování MeSH
- butyrylcholinesterasa krev MeSH
- dieta s vysokým obsahem tuků škodlivé účinky MeSH
- krysa rodu rattus MeSH
- nemoci jater krev enzymologie etiologie MeSH
- potkani Wistar MeSH
- triglyceridy krev MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- krysa rodu rattus MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Výrazná zmena stravovacích návykov ľudí po priemyselnej a poľnohospodárskej revolúcii na konci 18. a začiatku 19. storočia priniesla so sebou prudký nárast kardiovaskulárnych ochorení a neskôr aj psychických porúch, ktorých patofyziológia má spoločného menovateľa. Je to zmena pomeru konzumovaných polynenasýtených mastných kyselín (MK). Najvýznamnejšia omega-6 MK v potrave je kyselina linolová (C18:2), z ktorej sa syntetizuje účinkom enzýmov desaturáz a elongázy kyselina arachidónová (C20:4). Zdroj pre syntézu omega-3 MK v potrave je kyselina alfa-linolénová (C 18:3). Z nej sa syntetizujú omega-3 MK, kyselina eikozapentaénová (C20:5) a dokozahexaénová (C22:6). Pomer omega-6 ku omega-3 MK sa zmenil po zmene stravovacích návykov z hodnoty 1 : 1 na 15-16 : 1. Zvýšená hladina omega-6 MK sa prejavuje, okrem iných tkanív, aj v bunkách nervového systému. Prostredníctvom tvorby pro-zápalových eikozánoidov z kyseliny arachidónovej sa spúšťajú zápalové reakcie. Okrem toho sa mení fluidita membrán nervových buniek s dopadom na funkciu membrán. To ovplyvňuje membránové kanály pre transport rôznych látok vrátane neurotransmitérov, prenos signálu, aktivitu membránových receptorov a všeobecne funkciu nervových buniek. Ochrana buniek metabolitmi, ktoré sa tvoria z omega-3 MK (proti-zápalové eikozánoidy resolvíny, protektíny), sa pri obrátenom pomere omega-6 ku omega-3 MK znižuje. Preto je potrebné znížiť pomer omega-6 : omega-3 MK minimálne na 2 : 1, čo by zabezpečila zvýšená konzumácia rýb 2-3krát týždenne. V prípade užívania potravinových doplnkov sa odporúča pre psychické poruchy zloženie omega-3 MK v pomere eikozapentaénová kyselina: dokozahexaénová kyselina - 3 : 2 pri minimálnom dennom príjme 250 mg omega-3 mastných kyselín (eikozapentaénová + dokozahexaénová kyselina). Z prehľadu vyplýva významný vplyv správnych stravovacích návykov na zdravý duševný vývin detí, adolescenmtov aj dospelých.
Significant change in eating habits of people after industrial and agricultural revolutions in the late 18th and early 19th century has brought about a sharp increase in cardiovascular diseases and later also psychiatric disorders, which pathophysiology has a common denominator. It is the change in the ratio of consumed polyunsaturated fatty acids (FA). The most important omega-6 FA in the diet is linoleic acid (C18:2), from which arachidonic acid (C20:4) is synthesized by desaturases and elongases. The source for synthesis of omega-3 fatty acids in the diet is alpha-linolenic acid (C18:3). From it omega-3 fatty acids are synthesized such as eicosapentaenoic acid (C20:5) and docosahexaenoic (C22:6). The ratio of omega-6 to omega-3 fatty acids has changed after changing the eating habits from the value of 1 : 1 to 15-16 : 1. Besides other tissues, the increased level of omega-6 FA can be found, also in the cells of the nervous system. Through the formation of proinflammatory eicosanoids from arachidonic acid, inflammatory reactions commence. In addition, the fluidity of nerve cell membranes changes affecting the function of the membranes. This affects membrane channels for the transport of various substances, including neurotransmitters, signal transduction, membrane receptors activity and the function of nerve cells in general. Cell protection by metabolites, which are formed from omega-3 fatty acids (anti-inflammatory eicosanoids, re-solvins, protectins) decreases at the inverse ratio of omega-6 to omega-3 fatty acids.<(p> It is therefore necessary to reduce the ratio of omega-6 : omega-3 fatty acids to at least 2:1, which could ensure the increased consumption of fish 2-3 times per week. In case of food supplements taken for psychological disorder, the recommended ratio of omega-3 fatty acids eicosapentaenoicacid: docosahexaenoic acid is 3 : 2 with minimal daily intake of 250 mg of omega-3 fatty acids (eicosapentaenoic acid + docosahexaenoic acid). The survey implicates a significant effect of good eating habits on the mental development of health.
- MeSH
- depresivní poruchy * dietoterapie farmakoterapie MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- duševní zdraví * MeSH
- fyziologie výživy MeSH
- hyperkinetická porucha * dietoterapie farmakoterapie MeSH
- klinické zkoušky jako téma MeSH
- kyselina eikosapentaenová aplikace a dávkování fyziologie terapeutické užití MeSH
- kyseliny dokosahexaenové aplikace a dávkování fyziologie terapeutické užití MeSH
- kyseliny mastné omega-3 * fyziologie škodlivé účinky terapeutické užití MeSH
- kyseliny mastné omega-6 * fyziologie terapeutické užití MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mastné kyseliny * fyziologie terapeutické užití MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- potravní doplňky MeSH
- ryby MeSH
- schizofrenie * dietoterapie farmakoterapie MeSH
- těhotenství MeSH
- výživové doporučené dávky MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- těhotenství MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
Macrocyclic glycopeptides are becoming popular in chiral analytical chemistry due to a wide spectrum of their applications. Teicoplanin columns provide a highest separation selectivity of amino acid enantiomers, especially of underivatized amino acids. Chiral stationary phases can be also used for determination of amino acid enantiomers in biological samples.
- MeSH
- aminokyseliny * analýza chemie MeSH
- biogenní aminy * analýza chemie MeSH
- chemické techniky analytické MeSH
- elektroforéza kapilární metody využití MeSH
- klinické laboratorní techniky MeSH
- molekulární struktura MeSH
- teikoplanin * chemie MeSH
- vysokoúčinná kapalinová chromatografie * metody využití MeSH
- Publikační typ
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Oxidative stress is a phenomenon associated with imbalance between production of free radicals and reactive metabolites (e.g. superoxide and hydrogen peroxide) and the antioxidant defences. Oxidative stress in individuals with Down syndrome (DS) has been associated with trisomy of the 21st chromosome resulting in DS phenotype as well as with various morphological abnormalities, immune disorders, intellectual disability, premature aging and other biochemical abnormalities. Trisomy 21 in patients with DS results in increased activity of an important antioxidant enzyme Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD) which gene is located on the 21st chromosome along with other proteins such as transcription factor Ets-2, stress inducing factors (DSCR1) and precursor of beta-amyloid protein responsible for the formation of amyloid plaques in Alzheimer disease. Mentioned proteins are involved in the management of mitochondrial function, thereby promoting mitochondrial theory of aging also in people with DS. In defence against toxic effects of free radicals and their metabolites organism has built antioxidant defence systems. Their lack and reduced function increases oxidative stress resulting in disruption of the structure of important biomolecules, such as proteins, lipids and nucleic acids. This leads to their dysfunctions affecting pathophysiology of organs and the whole organism. This paper examines the impact of antioxidant interventions as well as positive effect of physical exercise on cognitive and learning disabilities of individuals with DS. Potential therapeutic targets on the molecular level (oxidative stress markers, gene for DYRK1A, neutrophic factor BDNF) after intervention of natural polyphenols are also discussed.
- MeSH
- antioxidancia terapeutické užití MeSH
- cvičení MeSH
- Downův syndrom farmakoterapie genetika metabolismus patofyziologie psychologie MeSH
- fenotyp MeSH
- genetická predispozice k nemoci MeSH
- kognice účinky léků MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mozek účinky léků metabolismus patofyziologie MeSH
- oxidační stres účinky léků MeSH
- učení účinky léků MeSH
- výsledek terapie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
Our purpose in this randomized, double blind, placebo controlled study was to find out the possible effect of a polyphenolic pine bark extract, Pycnogenol® (Pyc) on the level of 8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanine (8-oxoG) as representative of oxidative damage to DNA and on the DNA repair ability of elderly people. According to our results, three months of Pyc administration had no effect on the level of oxidative damage to DNA or on repair ability, but we found a relationship between the level of 8-oxoG and repair ability of DNA in this group. To conclude, even if the positive effect of Pyc was not confirmed in the case of elderly people it is important to highlight the necessity of further investigations about the mechanisms of Pyc acting on different age groups.
- MeSH
- artróza kolenních kloubů metabolismus MeSH
- borovice MeSH
- dvojitá slepá metoda MeSH
- financování organizované MeSH
- flavonoidy farmakologie MeSH
- guanin analogy a deriváty metabolismus MeSH
- kometový test MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- oprava DNA účinky léků MeSH
- oxidační stres účinky léků MeSH
- poškození DNA účinky léků MeSH
- randomizované kontrolované studie jako téma MeSH
- rostlinné extrakty farmakologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
