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- MeSH
- bakteriemie farmakoterapie patofyziologie MeSH
- C-reaktivní protein analýza MeSH
- Corynebacterium diphtheriae izolace a purifikace MeSH
- infekční artritida * diagnóza farmakoterapie MeSH
- jaterní cirhóza MeSH
- koleno patologie MeSH
- korynebakteriální infekce * diagnóza farmakoterapie MeSH
- lidé bez domova MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- péče o pacienty v kritickém stavu MeSH
- sportovní úrazy MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- kazuistiky MeSH
Kazuistika popisuje případ rozvíjejícího se syndromu toxického šoku u mladé pacientky používající menstruační kalíšek. Klinický obraz je v úvodu stonání typický, včetně gastrointestinálních potíží a vyrážky. Průběh a manifestace syndromu je o něco mírnější a před plným rozvojem šokového stavu se kontaminovaný kalíšek extrahuje. Možnou příčinou mírnějšího průběhu je forma menstruační pomůcky, která podobně jako tampony, ale v menší míře, predisponuje ke kolonizaci stafylokoky se schopností produkovat toxiny.
A case report is presented of a young female patient with early toxic shock syndrome while using a menstrual cup. The clinical picture was typical of the early stage of the syndrome including gastrointestinal symptoms and rash. The course and manifestation of the syndrome were rather mild, with the contaminated cup being extracted before the full development of the shock condition. Such a milder course may be explained by the nature of the menstrual device, which, similarly to tampons but to a lesser extent, predisposes the user to colonisation by toxin-producing staphylococci.
- MeSH
- antibakteriální látky terapeutické užití MeSH
- biofilmy MeSH
- exantém etiologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mikrobiologické techniky MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- septický šok * diagnóza etiologie farmakoterapie moč patologie přenos MeSH
- Staphylococcus aureus izolace a purifikace patogenita MeSH
- vagina mikrobiologie MeSH
- výrobky dámské intimní hygieny * mikrobiologie škodlivé účinky MeSH
- výsledek terapie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- kazuistiky MeSH
PURPOSE OF THE STUDY The purpose of the study is to analyse the number of adult patients treated in our department for native joint septic arthritis and to outline guidelines for antibiotic therapy. MATERIAL AND METHODS From the beginning of 2003 to the end of 2020, a total of 36,342 surgeries were performed at our department. We retrospectively reviewed and analysed all surgeries for native joint septic arthritis (a total of 538 surgical interventions). The study included all adult patients who were operated for native joint septic arthritis in our department in 2003-2020. We included all revision surgeries for ongoing infection (excluding the management of post-infectious findings) as well as all operations performed in patients with multiple joint involvement. Based on the analysis of our data and review of published guidelines for antibiotic treatment of septic arthritis, we have outlined our own antibiotic therapy guidelines for the treatment of native joint septic arthritis. RESULTS From 2003 to 2020 we performed a total of 36,342 surgeries, of which 538 (1.5%) in 461 patients was indicated for native joint septic arthritis. The cohort consisted of 292 men (63%), who underwent 344 surgeries, and 169 women, in whom 194 surgeries were performed. The mean age of patients irrespective of the arthritis location was 62.4 years. Altogether, 19 patients (4.1%) suffered from multi-joint arthritis. The most frequently operated joint was the knee with 252 (54%) patients and 300 surgeries (56%), followed by the shoulder with 68 (14.7%) patients and 78 (14.5%) surgeries, the hip with 38 (8.2%) patients and 42 surgeries (8%), the carpal with 30 (6.5%) patients and 35 (6.5%) surgeries, the ankle with 25 patients (5.4%) - 31 (6%) surgeries, the small finger joints with 22 (4.75%) patients and 23 (4%) surgeries, the elbow with 14 (3%) patients and 14 (2.6%) surgeries, the sternoclavicular joint with 9 (1.9%) patients and 12 (2.2%) surgeries and the acromioclavicular joint with 3 patients and 3 (0.5 %) surgeries, respectively. DISCUSSION The management of septic arthritis relies heavily on early diagnosis, early surgical intervention and adequate antibiotic therapy. The diagnostic process and surgical treatment have their specifics related to the affected location, therefore, respective guidelines will be published separately for each location including the results. On the other side, antibiotic management is not dependent on the location and therefore the guidelines are included in this first analysis septic arthritis in the whole cohort. CONCLUSIONS Septic arthritis in adults in an ongoing issue with rising incidence. Early diagnosis, urgent and adequate surgical treatment, and optimal antibiotic therapy are preconditions for successful outcome. Key words: native joint septic arthritis, incidence, antibiotic therapy, guidelines.
- MeSH
- antibakteriální látky terapeutické užití MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- incidence MeSH
- infekční artritida * diagnóza farmakoterapie epidemiologie MeSH
- kolenní kloub MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- retrospektivní studie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
OBJECTIVES: To gain data on the current molecular epidemiology and resistance of MRSA in the Czech Republic. METHODS: Between September 2017 and January 2018, a total of 441 single-patient MRSA isolates were collected from 11 Czech hospitals and analysed by spa typing, SCCmec typing, antibiotic susceptibility testing, detection of the PVL toxin and the arcA gene. RESULTS: Of all MRSA isolates, 81.41% (n = 359) belonged to the CC5-MRSA clone represented by the spa types t003 (n = 136), t586 (n = 92), t014 (n = 81), t002 (n = 20) and other spa types (n = 30); a majority of the CC5 isolates (n = 348, 96.94%) carried SCCmec type II. The occurrence of CC5-MRSA was more likely in older inpatients and associated with a healthcare origin (P < 0.001). The CC5-MRSA isolates were resistant to more antimicrobial drugs compared with the other MRSAs (P < 0.001). Interestingly, t586 was detected in blood samples more often than the other spa types and, contrary to other spa types belonging to CC5-MRSA, t586 was not associated with patients of advanced age. Other frequently found lineages were CC8 (n = 17), CC398 (n = 11) and CC59 (n = 10). The presence of the PVL was detected in 8.62% (n = 38) of the MRSA isolates. CONCLUSIONS: The healthcare-associated CC5-MRSA-II lineage (t003, t586, t014) was found to be predominant in the Czech Republic. t586 is a newly emerging spa type in the Czech Republic, yet reported rarely in other countries. Our observations stress the need for MRSA surveillance in the Czech Republic in order to monitor changes in MRSA epidemiology.
- MeSH
- antibakteriální látky farmakologie MeSH
- genotyp MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- methicilin rezistentní Staphylococcus aureus * genetika MeSH
- mikrobiální testy citlivosti MeSH
- molekulární epidemiologie MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- stafylokokové infekce * epidemiologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
Tetanus is a disease caused by tetanotoxin produced in necrotic wounds by Clostridium tetani. It is a very rare disease in Czechia due to successful and effective population-wide vaccination programme, despite the fact that spores of C. tetani are permanently present in the environment. Groups with the highest risk of clinical tetanus include elderly people, immunocompromised individuals, residents of foreign origin with unclear vaccination history, and unvaccinated children. We present four case studies of severe and mild form of tetanus, wound infection with the presence of C. tetani without the development of clinical tetanus in a fully vaccinated individual, and unexpected risk of tetanus in an unvaccinated child. Due to the rare occurrence of tetanus in Czechia, the clinical awareness of the risk of tetanus decreases as well as the clinical experience with diagnosis of early or mild forms of tetanus. Communication skills during the management of contaminated wounds play a critical role in the decision who should get tetanus anatoxin only and who should get antitetanus immunoglobulin along with the active immunization by tetanus anatoxin. Key words: etanus, Clostridium tetani, vaccination, postexposure prophylaxis, vaccine hesitancy, contaminated wounds.
OBJECTIVES: To investigate the relationship between Clostridium (Clostridioides) difficile strain characteristics and C. difficile infection (CDI) outcome. METHODS: Between October and December 2017, 16 hospitals collected epidemiological data according to the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) surveillance protocol for CDI. C. difficile isolates were characterized by ribotyping, toxin genes detection and antibiotic susceptibility testing to metronidazole, vancomycin and moxifloxacin. RESULTS: The overall mean CDI incidence density was 4.5 [95% CI 3.6-5.3] cases per 10,000 patient-days. From the 433 CDI cases, 330 (76.2%) were healthcare-associated, 52 (12.0%) cases were community-associated or of unknown origin and 51 (11.8%) CDI cases recurrent; a complicated course of CDI was reported in 65 cases (15.0%). Eighty-eight (20.3%) of patients died and 59 of them within 30 days after the CDI diagnosis. From the 379 C. difficile isolates, the most prevalent PCR ribotypes were 001 (n = 127, 33.5%) and 176 (n = 44, 11.6%). A total of 186 (49.1%) isolates showed a reduced susceptibility to moxifloxacin (> 4 mg/L) and 96.4% of them had Thr82Ile in the GyrA. Nineteen isolates revealed reduced susceptibility to metronidazole and two isolates to vancomycin (> 2 mg/L). A fatal outcome was associated with a reduced susceptibility to moxifloxacin, the advanced age of the patients and a complicated course of CDI (p<0.05). No association between ribotype, binary toxin and a reduced susceptibility to moxifloxacin and complicated course or recurrent CDI was found. CONCLUSIONS: A reduced susceptibility to moxifloxacin, in causative C. difficile strains was associated with fatal outcome of the patients, therefore it is an important marker in surveillance of CDI.
- MeSH
- antibakteriální látky terapeutické užití MeSH
- Clostridioides difficile účinky léků MeSH
- feces mikrobiologie MeSH
- infekce spojené se zdravotní péčí MeSH
- klostridiové infekce farmakoterapie mikrobiologie mortalita MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mikrobiální testy citlivosti MeSH
- moxifloxacin terapeutické užití MeSH
- ribotypizace MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- multicentrická studie MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
PURPOSE OF THE STUDY This study aims to articulate regional guidelines for curative and suppressive antibiotic therapy of total joint replacement infections. MATERIAL AND METHODS When developing the standard, used as source materials were the published foreign guidelines for antibiotic therapy of prosthetic joint infections, the analysis of resistance of bacterial strains conducted in the Hospital in České Budějovice, a.s. and the assessment of strain resistance for the Czech Republic published by the European Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance Network (EARS-Net). Considered was also the availability of individual antibiotics in the Czech Republic and restricted prescription according to the Summary of Product Characteristics as specified in the State Institute for Drug Control marketing authorisation. The expert group composed of orthopaedists, microbiologists and infectious disease specialists elaborated the basic antibiotic guideline for choosing an appropriate antibiotic/antifungal drug based on the usual susceptibility, its dose and dosage interval for initial and continuation therapy. The comments of individual specialists were gradually incorporated therein and in case of doubts majority rule was applied. The drafted document was sent for peer reviews to clinical orthopaedic, infectious disease and microbiological centres, whose comments were also incorporated and the finalised document was submitted for evaluation to specialised medical societies. RESULTS The outcome is the submitted guideline for antibiotic curative and suppressive therapy suitable for managing the prosthetic joint infections, which was approved by the committee of the Czech Society for Orthopaedics and Traumatology andthe Society for Infectious Diseases of the Czech Medical Association of J. E. Purkyně. DISCUSION Curative therapy of total joint replacement infections consists primarily in surgical treatment and has to be accompanied by adequate antibiotic therapy administered initially intravenously and later orally over a sufficient period of time. Bearing in mind the wide spectrum of pathogens that can cause infections of a joint replacement and their capacity to form a biofilm on foreign materials, the correct choice of an antibiotic, its dose and dosage interval are essential for successful treatment. Such standard should respect regional availability of antibiotics, regional pathogen resistance/susceptibility and ensure the achievement of sufficiently high concentrations at the requested location including anti-biofilm activity. CONCLUSIONS The submitted guideline is not the only treatment option for joint total replacement infections, but it makes the decisionmaking easier when treating these complications in the form of infections. The final choice of an antibiotic, its dose and duration of therapy shall be based on a critical assessment of results of microbiological (blood culture and molecular genetic) tests and reflect the patient s clinical condition. Since these are multidisciplinary issues, we consider useful for this guideline to be commented upon and approved by the committee of both the Society for Orthopaedics and Infectious Diseases so that it can become the starting point for treatment. Key words: total joint replacement infection, TEP, ATB, antibiotic therapy, consensus meeting, guideline.
- MeSH
- antibakteriální látky terapeutické užití MeSH
- artroplastiky kloubů škodlivé účinky přístrojové vybavení MeSH
- infekce spojené s protézou diagnóza etiologie terapie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- protézy kloubů škodlivé účinky MeSH
- směrnice pro lékařskou praxi jako téma MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
Cíl: Jedním z faktorů ohrožujících současnou medicínu je šíření multirezistentních gramnegativních bakterií. V článku jsou shrnuty výsledky 6měsíční prevalenční studie zaměřené na kmeny K. pneumoniae a E. coli provedené v českých nemocnicích v rámci projektu EuSCAPE (European Survey on Carbapenemase-Producing Bacteria). Metodika: Do studie bylo zapojeno 10 nemocnic ze všech krajů České republiky. Během sledovaného období (1. listopad 2013 až 30. duben 2014) bylo shromažďováno deset prvozáchytů K. pneumoniae a E. coli necitlivých ke karba-penemům z klinických vzorků (krev, dolní cesty dýchací, moč, punktát, stěry z ran). Zároveň byl deponován první citlivý izolát zachycený od téhož pacienta a vybraného bakteriálního druhu. Byla stanovena citlivost k 15 různým antibiotikům podle metodiky EUCAST. Karbapenemázy byly identifikovány metodou MALDI-TOF MS hydrolýzy meropenemu. Kmeny produkující karbapenemázy byly podrobeny multilokusové sekvenační typizaci a byly identifikovány geny karpapenemáz. Výsledky: Během sledovaného období bylo shromážděno 30 izolátů (K. pneumoniae n = 28, E. coli n = 2) necitlivých ke karbapenemům. U pacienta přeloženého z Ukrajiny po zranění během revoluce na Majdanu byl identifikován sekvenční typ (ST) 11 K. pneumoniae produkující karbapenemázu NDM-1. Druhý izolát produkující karbapenemázu produkoval enzym OXA-48. Jednalo se o kmen K. pneumoniae ST101 identifikovaný u pacienta přijatého z komunity. Závěr: Tato prevalenční studie opět potvrdila nízkou prevalenci enterobakterií produkujících karbapenemázy (CPE) v České republice. Zároveň opět ukazuje na riziko spojené s importem CPE ze zemí s vysokou prevalencí nebo neznámou epidemiologickou situací..
Objective: One of the most important threats of current medicine is the spread of multiresistant Gram-negative bacteria. We report here data from a six-month prevalence study on carbapenemase-producing K. pneumoniae and E. coli performed in Czech hospitals participating on European Survey on Carbapenemase-Producing Enterobacteriaceae (EuSCAPE). Methods: Ten hospitals covering all regions of the Czech Republic were selected. During the study period (1st November 2013 to 30th April 2014), first ten carbapenem non-susceptible isolates of K. pneumoniae or E. coli isolated from non-surveillance specimens (i.e., blood, lower respiratory tract secretions, urine, puncture fluids, and wound secretions) of single successive patients were collected. Successive carbapenem-susceptible isolates of the same species were also preserved as controls. Susceptibility to 15 antibiotics was determined using EUCAST recommendations. Carbapenemase activity was detected by MALDI-TOF MS meropenem hydrolysis assay. Positive isolates were subjected for molecular typing (multi-locus sequence typing, identification of carbapenemase gene). Results: During the study period, thirty non-susceptible isolates (K. pneumoniae n = 28, E. coli n = 2) were identified in 5 hospitals. Only two of them were confirmed to be carbapenemase producers. A NDM-1-producing K. pneumoniae ST11 was recovered from a patient, transferred from Ukraine, being injured during a Maidan revolution. The second isolate, an OXA-48-producing K. pneumoniae, belonging to ST101, was recovered from a patient admitted to a hospital for an ischemic stroke. Conclusions: This study again confirmed that the Czech Republic still belongs to the countries with low prevalence of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (CPE). Cases of CPE are usually restricted to an import from high-prevalence countries or countries with unknown epidemiological situation.
- Klíčová slova
- karbapenemázy, MALDI-TOF,
- MeSH
- bakteriální léková rezistence MeSH
- bakteriální proteiny genetika MeSH
- beta-laktamasy genetika MeSH
- beta-laktamová rezistence * MeSH
- Enterobacteriaceae MeSH
- Escherichia coli * genetika izolace a purifikace MeSH
- genetické lokusy MeSH
- Klebsiella pneumoniae * genetika izolace a purifikace MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mikrobiální testy citlivosti MeSH
- nemocnice MeSH
- průřezové studie MeSH
- sekvenční analýza MeSH
- spektrometrie hmotnostní - ionizace laserem za účasti matrice MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- multicentrická studie MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
- MeSH
- Burkholderia cepacia * MeSH
- infekce bakteriemi rodu Burkholderia * epidemiologie mikrobiologie MeSH
- infekce spojené se zdravotní péčí * mikrobiologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nemocnice MeSH
- pacienti hospitalizovaní MeSH
- přenos infekční nemoci MeSH
- prospektivní studie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
