- Publikační typ
- abstrakt z konference MeSH
- Publikační typ
- abstrakt z konference MeSH
- Publikační typ
- abstrakt z konference MeSH
We compare two types of pancreatic carcinoma samples obtained by EUS-guided fine needle biopsy (EUS-FNB) in terms of the success rates and clinical validity of analysis of two most commonly investigated DNA/RNA pancreatic cancer markers, KRAS mutations and miR-21 expression. 118 patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma underwent EUS-FNB. The collected sample was divided, one part was stored in a stabilizing solution as native aspirate (EUS-FNA) and second part was processed into the cytological smear (EUS-FNC). DNA/RNA extraction was followed by analysis of KRAS mutations and miR-21 expression. For both sample types, the yields of DNA/RNA extraction and success rates of KRAS mutation and miRNA expression were evaluated. Finally, the resulting KRAS mutation frequency and miR-21 prognostic role were compared to literature data from tissue resections. The overall amount of isolated DNA/RNA from EUS-FNC was lower compared to the EUS-FNA, average yield 10 ng vs 147 ng for DNA and average yield 164 vs. 642 ng for RNA, but the success rates for KRAS and miR-21 analysis was 100% for both sample types. The KRAS-mutant detection frequency in EUS-FNC was 12% higher than in EUS-FNA (90 vs 78%). The prognostic role of miR-21 was confirmed in EUS-FNC (p = 0.02), but did not reach statistical significance in EUS-FNA (p = 0.06). Although both types of EUS-FNB samples are suitable for DNA/RNA extraction and subsequent DNA mutation and miRNA expression analysis, reliable results with clinical validity were only obtained for EUS-FNC.
- MeSH
- biopsie tenkou jehlou pod endosonografickou kontrolou MeSH
- cytodiagnostika metody MeSH
- DNA analýza MeSH
- duktální karcinom pankreatu diagnóza MeSH
- fixace tkání metody MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mikro RNA analýza MeSH
- mutace MeSH
- nádorové biomarkery analýza MeSH
- nádory slinivky břišní diagnóza MeSH
- odběr biologického vzorku metody MeSH
- protoonkogenní proteiny p21(ras) genetika MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- srovnávací studie MeSH
Introduction: Patients with locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) are undergoing neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (NCRT) prior to surgery. Although in some patients the NCRT is known to prevent local recurrence, it is also accompanied by side effects. Accordingly, there is an unmet need to identify predictive markers allowing to identify non-responders to avoid its adverse effects. We monitored circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) as a potential liquid biopsy-based biomarker. We have investigated ctDNA changes plasma during the early days of NCRT and its relationship to the overall therapy outcome. Methods and Patients: The studied cohort included 36 LARC patients (stage II or III) undergoing NCRT with subsequent surgical treatment. We have detected somatic mutations in tissue biopsies taken during endoscopic examination prior to the therapy. CtDNA was extracted from patient plasma samples prior to therapy and at the end of the first week. In order to optimize the analytical costs of liquid-biopsy testing, we have utilized a two-level approach in which first a low-cost detection method of denaturing capillary electrophoresis was used followed by examination of initially negative samples by a high-sensitivity BEAMING assay. The ctDNA was related to clinical parameters including tumor regression grade (TRG) and TNM tumor staging. Results: We have detected a somatic mutation in 33 out of 36 patients (91.7%). Seven patients (7/33, 21.2%) had ctDNA present prior to therapy. The ctDNA positivity before treatment reduced post-operative disease-free survival and overall survival by an average of 1.47 and 1.41 years, respectively (p = 0.015, and p = 0.010). In all patients, ctDNA was strongly reduced or completely eliminated from plasma by the end of the first week of NCRT, with no correlation to any of the parameters analyzed. Conclusions: The baseline ctDNA presence represented a statistically significant negative prognostic biomarker for the overall patient survival. As ctDNA was reduced indiscriminately from circulation of all patients, dynamics during the first week of NCRT is not suited for predicting the outcome of LARC. However, the general effect of rapid ctDNA disappearance apparently occurring during the initial days of NCRT is noteworthy and should further be studied.
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Publikační typ
- abstrakt z konference MeSH
- Publikační typ
- abstrakt z konference MeSH
Malignant transformation in gliomas is frequently supplemented by somatic mutations in isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 and isocitrate dehydrogenase 2 genes. It has recently emerged that mutations in these genes are associated with prolonged survival and should be used as prognostic factor in management of brain cancer patients. There are several approaches in use for the detection of isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 and 2 mutations; however, these often exhibit shortcomings such as convoluted protocols with long processing time, complex (and costly) dedicated fluorescent probes, and/or demand on amounts of input DNA. Therefore, a simple and rapid method would be highly desired. Here, we present development and validation of simple and reliable isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 and 2 mutation detection assay using denaturing capillary electrophoresis. The detection sensitivity in terms of the limiting mutated allele fraction detectable estimated from a series of dilution runs was 2.9%. The method was validated by comparing to results obtained by a widely accepted detection technique, the multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification, on a set of 85 brain tumors. The concordance of both methods was 100%, but denaturing capillary electrophoresis assay required fivefold lower input of DNA (1 versus 5 μL of DNA at concentrations typically between 10 and 30 ng/μL).
- MeSH
- alely MeSH
- elektroforéza kapilární metody MeSH
- isocitrátdehydrogenasa genetika MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mutace * MeSH
- nádory mozku diagnóza enzymologie genetika MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- hodnotící studie MeSH
- Publikační typ
- abstrakt z konference MeSH
Gliomy představují heterogenní skupinu primárních mozkových nádorů, jejichž prognóza a léčba se mohou významně lišit. WHO klasifikace je založena na morfologických kritériích, což se ukazuje jako nedostatečné. Nicméně v poslední době se do popředí stále více dostávají molekulárně genetické markery, které ovlivňují prognózu, terapeutickou účinnost a celkové přežití daleko více než samotná histologická kritéria. Především mutace IDH1/2 a kodelece 1p/19q představují v současné době nejvýznamnější molekulární znaky pro stanovení prognózy u gliomů nižších stupňů. U anaplastických astrocytomů hraje významnou roli v prognóze exprese ATRX, u oligodendrogliomů je to vedle kodelece 1p/19q mutace promotoru TERT. Glioblastomy i nadále představují terapeuticky obtížně ovlivnitelné onemocnění, hlavním markerem prognózy zůstává metylace promotoru MGMT a případně mutace EGFRvIII. V nedávné době byla odhalena i role jednobodových polymorfizmů –SNP. Jedná se o záměny bazí, které se vyskytují i ve zdravé populaci. V současné době známe více takovýchto polymorfních úseků, u kterých byl vysledován vztah k predispozici nebo prognóze pacientů s gliomy.
Gliomas represent a heterogenous group of primary brain tumors that can significantly vary in prognosis and treatment. The WHO Brain Tumors classification is based on morphological criteria that seem inadequate as they do not reflect new molecular markers. These new markers affect prognosis, overall survival and treatment more than histological diagnosis. IDH1/2 mutation and 1p/19q codeletion are the most important molecular markers predicting patient prognosis in lower grade gliomas and secondary glioblastomas. IDH1/2 mutation is a marker of better prognosis than wild type IDH. Similarly, ATRX plays an important role in anaplastic astrocytomas and loss of ATRX expression positively affects treatment response in these tumors. Clinical studies suggest that 1p/19q codeletion is the most relevant prognostic marker in oligodendroglial tumors, probably because of tumor chemosensitivity. Besides 1p/19q codeletion, TERT promoter mutation is another important factor in overall survival. Patients with gliomas carrying combined IDH1/2 mutation and 1p/19q codeletion have the best prognosis compared to those with wild type IDH. Glioblastomas are highly malignant glial tumors. Despite the progress in understanding of tumor formation and development, they are still difficult to treat. Nevertheless, MGMT promoter methylation in GBM is the most important predictor of good treatment response. A specific EGFRvIII mutation is another potential treatment target. Recently, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) were found as another, in this case inherited, factor that can have an impact on a patient´s prognosis and treatment response. In particular, rs55705857 in anaplastic oligodendroglioma G allele carriers have much better prognosis in comparison to those who carry A allele. These new findings confirm that the prognosis is affected by multiple factors, including inherited predisposition.
- Klíčová slova
- difuzní astrocytom, anaplastický oligodendrogliom, ATRX, MGMT, anaplastický astrocytom,
- MeSH
- astrocytom etiologie genetika MeSH
- chromozomální delece MeSH
- DNA modifikační methylasy MeSH
- DNA nádorová MeSH
- DNA-helikasy MeSH
- enzymy opravy DNA MeSH
- epigeneze genetická MeSH
- erbB receptory MeSH
- glioblastom etiologie genetika MeSH
- gliom * etiologie genetika MeSH
- isocitrátdehydrogenasa MeSH
- jaderné proteiny MeSH
- jednonukleotidový polymorfismus genetika MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- lidské chromozomy, pár 1 genetika MeSH
- lidské chromozomy, pár 19 genetika MeSH
- mutace MeSH
- nádorové biomarkery * genetika MeSH
- nádorové supresorové proteiny MeSH
- nádory mozku etiologie genetika MeSH
- oligodendrogliom etiologie genetika MeSH
- prognóza * MeSH
- telomerasa MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
