- MeSH
- klinické rozhodování metody MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- postižení MeSH
- stomatologická péče o děti MeSH
- systémy pro podporu klinického rozhodování * MeSH
- zubní lékařství MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Cílem tohoto článku je informovat o prevenci zubního kazu v ordinaci praktického lékaře. Dentální hygiena a dieta jsou pole, kde se může výrazně podílet praktický lékař na předcházení zubnímu kazu a jeho komplikacím. Je zde shrnuta etiologie, epidemiologie a diagnostika zubního kazu. Současně je zde publikována studie, ve které je ukázán stav chrupu pětiletých pacientů, přicházející na Stomatologickou kliniku dětí a dospělých 2. lékařské fakulty a FN v Motole a rozhodovací schéma při jejich ošetřování s důrazem na formu anestezie.
The aim of this article is to inform about the prevention of dental caries in the office of general practitioner. Dental hygiene and diet are the fields where the general practitioner can significantly contribute to prevent tooth decay and its complications. There are summarized etiology, epidemiology and diagnosis of dental caries. There is a published a study that shows dental status of five-year patients admitted to the Department of Stomatology 2nd Faculty of Medicine and the University Hospital Motol and a decision support system for the treatment of these patients with an emphasis on the form of anesthesia.
- MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- dorostové lékařství * metody trendy MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mezioborová komunikace MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- orální hygiena metody využití MeSH
- ordinace organizace a řízení trendy využití MeSH
- preventivní zubní lékařství MeSH
- role lékaře MeSH
- sacharidy škodlivé účinky MeSH
- sloučeniny fluoru terapeutické užití MeSH
- statistika jako téma MeSH
- stomatologická péče * metody organizace a řízení využití MeSH
- Streptococcus mutans MeSH
- zubní anestezie metody využití MeSH
- zubní kaz * diagnóza etiologie prevence a kontrola MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- Publikační typ
- přehledy MeSH
BACKGROUND: Plaster casts of individual patients are important for orthodontic specialists during the treatment process and their analysis is still a standard diagnostical tool. But the growing capabilities of information technology enable their replacement by digital models obtained by complex scanning systems. METHOD: This paper presents the possibility of using a digital camera as a simple instrument to obtain the set of digital images for analysis and evaluation of the treatment using appropriate mathematical tools of image processing. The methods studied in this paper include the segmentation of overlapping dental bodies and the use of different illumination sources to increase the reliability of the separation process. The circular Hough transform, region growing with multiple seed points, and the convex hull detection method are applied to the segmentation of orthodontic plaster cast images to identify dental arch objects and their sizes. RESULTS: The proposed algorithm presents the methodology of improving the accuracy of segmentation of dental arch components using combined illumination sources. Dental arch parameters and distances between the canines and premolars for different segmentation methods were used as a measure to compare the results obtained. CONCLUSION: A new method of segmentation of overlapping dental arch components using digital records of illuminated plaster casts provides information with the precision required for orthodontic treatment. The distance between corresponding teeth was evaluated with a mean error of 1.38% and the Dice similarity coefficient of the evaluated dental bodies boundaries reached 0.9436 with a false positive rate [Formula: see text] and false negative rate [Formula: see text].
- MeSH
- algoritmy * MeSH
- analogově digitální konverze MeSH
- datové soubory jako téma MeSH
- elektronické zdravotní záznamy * MeSH
- fotografování metody MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- osvětlení metody MeSH
- počítačové zpracování obrazu metody MeSH
- poměr signál - šum MeSH
- ukládání a vyhledávání informací MeSH
- zubní oblouk anatomie a histologie MeSH
- zubní odlitky - technika * MeSH
- zubní záznamy * MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
BACKGROUND: Diagnostic orthodontic and prosthetic procedures commence with an initial examination, during which a number of individual findings on occlusion or malocclusion are clarified. Nowadays we try to replace standard plaster casts by scanned objects and digital models. METHOD: Geometrically calibrated images aid in the comparison of several different steps of the treatment and show the variation of selected features belonging to individual biomedical objects. The methods used are based on geometric morphometrics, making a new approach to the evaluation of the variability of features. The study presents two different methods of measurement and shows their accuracy and reliability. RESULTS: The experimental part of the present paper is devoted to the analysis of the dental arch objects of 24 patients before and after the treatment using the distances between the canines and premolars as the features important for diagnostic purposes. Our work proved the advantage of measuring digitalized orthodontic models over manual measuring of plaster casts, with statistically significant results and accuracy sufficient for dental practice. CONCLUSION: A new method of computer imaging and measurements of a dental stone cast provides information with the precision required for orthodontic treatment. The results obtained point to the reduction in the variance of the distances between the premolars and canines during the treatment, with a regression coefficient RC=0.7 and confidence intervals close enough for dental practice. The ratio of these distances pointed to the nearly constant value of this measure close to 0.84 for the given set of 24 individuals.
- MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- ortodoncie metody MeSH
- počítačová simulace * MeSH
- regresní analýza MeSH
- sádrové obvazy MeSH
- software MeSH
- zuby anatomie a histologie chirurgie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- hodnotící studie MeSH
Úvod a cíl: Cílem studie bylo srovnat účinek laserové ablace v kontaktním a nekontaktním módu a zjistit, jaký vliv mají oba typy preparace na vazbu s ultrazvukově vrstveným materiálem, tedy především jaká je jeho modelovatelnost a jaká vzniká chemická i mechanická vazba u takovéto výplně. Metody: Parametry erbiového laseru pro kontaktní preparaci byly 250 mJ/pulz, opakovací frekvence 15 Hz, výkon 3,75 W. Pro bezkontaktní laserovou ablaci byly použity následující hodnoty: 600 mJ/pulz, 6 Hz, 3,6 W. Struktura skloviny a dentinu po laserové preparaci byla analyzována v rastrovacím elektronovém mikroskopu. Kavity byly vyplněny ultrazvukem aktivovaným kompozitním materiálem. Chemická a mechanická vazba byla pozorována rastrovacím elektronovým mikroskopem. Penetrační spára byla hodnocena kvantitativně stupněm penetrace barviva metylenové modři. Fischerův exaktní test (p < 0,05) byl použit pro statistické vyhodnocení výsledků. Výsledky: Kontaktní i nekontaktní mód vytváří dobře ohraničené kavity s jasně určeným rozhraním mezi sklovinou, dentinem a kompozitem v rozsahu 5167,31 μm versus 5356,31 μm. V řezech nejsou vidět defekty, ultrazvuková koncovka dobře navrství výplň do kavity. Penetrační spáry viditelné po průniku metylenové modři se pohybují v rozsahu 481,19 μm versus 611,94 μm. Rozdíl mezi oběma technikami není statisticky významný. Závěr: Kavity preparované laserem v kontaktním módu vyplněné ultrazvukem aktivovaným kompozitním materiálem chrání výplň před vznikem penetrační spáry.
Introduction: The comparison of tissue quality and its restoration after contact, and non-contact Er: YAG (2940 nm) laser radiation ablation was evaluated. Methods: Laser setting for contact ablation was 250 mJ/pulse, pulse repetition rate 15 Hz, average power 3.75 W. For non-contact ablation these values were: 600 mJ/pulse, 6 Hz, 3.6 W. Structure of enamel and dentin after laser ablation was analyzed in scanning electron microscope. All cavities were filled by sonic-activated composite resin. Chemical and mechanical bond was observed in scanning electron microscope. Microleakage was assessed quantitatively by the degree of methylene blue dye penetration. Fischer exact test (p < 0.05) was used for statistical evaluation. Results: Contact and non-contact laser treatments prepared similar cavities (5167.31 μm versus 5356.31 μm). Defocusing of non-contact therapy has direct influence on the dye penetration microleakage presence (481.19 μm versus 611.94 μm) but this increase was not statistical significant. Conclusion: Cavity prepared by contact mode with sonic-activated composite filling protects microleakage formation.
- MeSH
- dentinová adheziva MeSH
- laserová terapie * metody přístrojové vybavení MeSH
- lasery pevnolátkové * využití MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- molár třetí MeSH
- preparace zubní kavity * metody MeSH
- složené pryskyřice MeSH
- trvalá zubní náhrada MeSH
- výzkum MeSH
- zubní nástroje MeSH
- zubní sklovina MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Úvod a cíle práce: Sádrové studijní modely jsou standardem uchovávání dat pacienta ve 3D podobě. S rozvojem digitálních technologií se vyvinuly také možnosti, jak z digitálních dat vytvořit fyzický objekt – 3D tiskem. Cílem této práce bylo: (1) srovnat přesnost lineárních měření na sádrových studijních modelech a jejich 3D rekonstruovaných kopiích, (2) zhodnotit nové možnosti, výhody a nevýhody použití 3D tisku při použití ve stomatologii a (3) zjistit, do jaké míry mohou 3D tištěné modely nahradit tradiční modely. Materiál a metody: Deset sádrových studijních modelů ortodontického oddělení Stomatologické kliniky dětí a dospělých 2. LF UK a FN Motol bylo naskenováno a digitální data se použila pro open source 3D tiskárnu RepRap. Na modelech z tiskárny bylo provedeno měření stejných vzdáleností v rovinách x, y a z, jako na tradičních sádrových modelech. Získaná data se statisticky vyhodnotila. Výsledky: 3D tisk je vhodnou metodou k převodu digitálních dat do fyzické podoby. 3D repliky vykazují výhodnější vlastnosti než tradiční sádrové modely zejména z hlediska mechanické odolnosti a možnosti získání fyzického modelu jen v případě potřeby, především pro dlouhodobou kontrolu terapie u pacienta či pro forenzní řízení. Studie prokázala, že 3D tisky mohou být alternativou k tradičním sádrovým modelům a je možné na nich provést přesnou analýzu rozměrů zubních oblouků.
Introduction: Plaster casts present golden standard in keeping patients data in 3D. The aim of this work was (1) to compare linear measurements made on traditional plaster casts and 3D printed copies of dental plaster casts, (2) to find new possibilities of reconstruction of digital data, its reliability based on various criteria and (3) to determine whether 3D printed copies obtained using open source system RepRap can replace traditional plaster casts in dental practice. Material and methods: 10 dental plaster casts from the Orthodontic department, Department of stomatology for children and adults, 2nd Faculty of medicine, Charles University Prague, Czech Republic were scanned by inEos Blue scanner and printed on 3D printer RepRap. Linear measurements between selected points on the dental arches of upper and lower jaws on plaster casts and their 3D copies were recorded and statistically analyzed. Results: Use of 3D printed copies has many advantages over use of traditional plaster casts, mainly mechanical durability and keeping the data in digital form unless needed for example for forensic reasons. The precision and accuracy of the RepRap 3D printed copies of plaster casts were confirmed based on the statistical analysis. Our study proved that 3D printed copies can replace traditional plaster casts and it is possible to use them for detailed analysis.
- MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- ortodoncie MeSH
- síran vápenatý MeSH
- statistika jako téma MeSH
- tiskařství * metody MeSH
- zobrazování trojrozměrné * MeSH
- zubní modely * klasifikace MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
AIM: To compare aspects of wound healing after cleft lip surgery performed within one week of age and wound healing after surgery performed within 2 - 4 months of age, especially concentrations of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1 (TIMP-1) in tissue removed during surgery. METHODS: 34 tissue samples (26 boys and 8 girls) were removed during surgery within one week of age (n=19) or within 2 - 4 months of age (n=15). Tissue samples were separated into epidermis, dermis and mucous membrane. Proteins were extracted in cacodylic buffer for 24 h at a temperature 2 - 8 ºC. Total protein concentrations were examined using a modification of the Lowry method. Samples were examined using ELISA kit Amersham Biotrak Activity Assay (GE Healthcare UK) for detection of MMP-9 and TIMP-1 concentrations. RESULTS: MMP-9: early surgery - epidermis 2.168 ± 3.303 μg/g of protein (mean ± SD), dermis 1.251 ± 1.848 µg/g, 2 - 4 months surgery - epidermis 0.347 ± 0.212 μg/g, dermis 0.555 ± 0.276 µg/g. TIMP-1: early surgery - epidermis 1.762 ± 2.162 μg/g, dermis 1.628 ± 0.822 µg/g, mucous membrane 2.066 ± 1.717 µg/g, 2 - 4 months surgery - epidermis 1.881 ± 2.810 μg/g, dermis 3.117 ± 1.540 µg/g, mucous membrane 4.833 ± 6.550 µg/g. CONCLUSIONS: There were no significant differences in concentrations of protein MMP-9 in epidermis and dermis and TIMP-1 in epidermis and mucous membrane according to time of surgery. Significantly decreased levels of TIMP-1 in dermis were found in samples obtained from early surgery compared to levels in samples obtained from 2 - 4 months surgery.
- MeSH
- hojení ran * MeSH
- kojenec MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- matrixová metaloproteinasa 9 analýza MeSH
- novorozenec MeSH
- ret chemie MeSH
- rozštěp rtu chirurgie MeSH
- tkáňový inhibitor metaloproteinasy 1 MeSH
- Check Tag
- kojenec MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- novorozenec MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- srovnávací studie MeSH
The purpose of this study is (1) to introduce a new approach for edge detection in orthopantograms (OPGs) and an improved automatic parameter selector for common edge detectors, (2) to present a comparison between our novel approach with common edge detectors and (3) to provide faster outputs without compromising quality. A new approach for edge detection based on statistical measures was introduced: (1) a set of N edge detection results is calculated from a given input image and a selected type of edge detector, (2) N correspondence maps are constructed from N edge detection results, (3) probabilities and average probabilities are computed, (4) an overall correspondence is evaluated for each correspondence map and (5) the correspondence map providing the best overall correspondence is taken as the result of edge detection procedure. A comparison with common edge detectors (the Roberts, Prewitt, Sobel, Laplacian of the Gaussian and Canny methods) with various parameter settings (304 combinations for each test image) was carried out. The methods were assessed objectively [edge mismatch error (EME), modified Hausdorff distance (MHD) and principal component analysis] and subjectively by experts in dentistry and based on time demands. The suitability of the new approach for edge detection in OPGs was confirmed by experts. The current conventional methods in edge detection in OPGs are inadequate (none of the tested methods reach an EME value or MHD value below 0.1). Our proposed approach for edge detection shows promising potential for its implementation in clinical dentistry. It enhances the accuracy of OPG interpretation and advances diagnosis and treatment planning.
- MeSH
- algoritmy MeSH
- analýza hlavních komponent MeSH
- anatomická značka radiografie MeSH
- artefakty MeSH
- časové faktory MeSH
- cysty čelistí radiografie MeSH
- extrakce zubů MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- normální rozdělení MeSH
- počítačové zpracování obrazu statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- pravděpodobnost MeSH
- rentgendiagnostika panoramatická statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- rentgenový obraz - interpretace počítačová metody MeSH
- zubní kaz radiografie MeSH
- zuby přespočetné radiografie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- srovnávací studie MeSH
OBJECTIVES: To compare traditional plaster casts, digital models and 3D printed copies of dental plaster casts based on various criteria. To determine whether 3D printed copies obtained using open source system RepRap can replace traditional plaster casts in dental practice. To compare and contrast the qualities of two possible 3D printing options--source system RepRap and commercially available 3D printing. DESIGN AND SETTINGS: A method comparison study on 10 dental plaster casts from the Orthodontic department, Department of Stomatology, 2nd medical Faulty, Charles University Prague, Czech Republic. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Each of 10 plaster casts were scanned by inEos Blue scanner and the printed on 3D printer RepRap [10 models] and ProJet HD3000 3D printer [1 model]. Linear measurements between selected points on the dental arches of upper and lower jaws on plaster casts and its 3D copy were recorded and statistically analyzed. RESULTS: 3D printed copies have many advantages over traditional plaster casts. The precision and accuracy of the RepRap 3D printed copies of plaster casts were confirmed based on the statistical analysis. Although the commercially available 3D printing enables to print more details than the RepRap system, it is expensive and for the purpose of clinical use can be replaced by the cheaper prints obtained from RepRap printed copies. CONCLUSIONS: Scanning of the traditional plaster casts to obtain a digital model offers a pragmatic approach. The scans can subsequently be used as a template to print the plaster casts as required. Using 3D printers can replace traditional plaster casts primarily due to their accuracy and price.
OBJECTIVE: Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) is a treatment method commonly used in physiotherapy for musculoskeletal disorders. The aim of this study was to monitor the function of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) and surrounding tissues and compare the objective measurements of the effect of LLLT. BACKGROUND DATA: LLLT has been considered effective in reducing pain and muscular tension; thus improving the quality of patients' lives. MATERIALS AND METHODS: TMJ function was evaluated by cephalometric tracing analysis, orthopantomogram, TMJ tomogram, and computer face-bow record. Interalveolar space between central incisors before and after therapy was measured. Patients evaluated pain on the Visual Analog Scale. LLLT was performed in five treatment sessions (energy density of 15.4 J/cm(2)) by semiconductive GaAlAs laser with an output of 280 mW, emitting radiation wavelength of 830 mm. The laser supplied a spot of ~0.2 cm(2). RESULTS: Baseline comparisons between the healthy patients and patients with low-level laser application show that TMJ pain during function is based on anatomical and function changes in TMJ areas. Significant differences were seen in the posterior and anterior face height. The results comparing healthy and impaired TMJ sagittal condyle paths showed that patients with TMJ pain during function had significantly flatter nonanatomical movement during function. After therapy, the unpleasant feeling was reduced from 27.5 to 4.16 on the pain Visual Analog Scale. The pain had reduced the ability to open the mouth from 34 to 42 mm. CONCLUSIONS: The laser therapy was effective in the improvement of the range of temporomandibular disorders (TMD) and promoted a significant reduction of pain symptoms.
- MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- kefalometrie MeSH
- laserová terapie s nízkou intenzitou světla MeSH
- lasery polovodičové terapeutické užití MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- nemoci temporomandibulárního kloubu diagnóza radioterapie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH