Introduction: This study proposes an algorithm for preprocessing VCG records to obtain a representative QRS loop. Methods: The proposed algorithm uses the following methods: Digital filtering to remove noise from the signal, wavelet-based detection of ECG fiducial points and isoelectric PQ intervals, spatial alignment of QRS loops, QRS time synchronization using root mean square error minimization and ectopic QRS elimination. The representative QRS loop is calculated as the average of all QRS loops in the VCG record. The algorithm is evaluated on 161 VCG records from a database of 58 healthy control subjects, 69 patients with myocardial infarction, and 34 patients with bundle branch block. The morphologic intra-individual beat-to-beat variability rate is calculated for each VCG record. Results and Discussion: The maximum relative deviation is 12.2% for healthy control subjects, 19.3% for patients with myocardial infarction, and 17.2% for patients with bundle branch block. The performance of the algorithm is assessed by measuring the morphologic variability before and after QRS time synchronization and ectopic QRS elimination. The variability is reduced by a factor of 0.36 for healthy control subjects, 0.38 for patients with myocardial infarction, and 0.41 for patients with bundle branch block. The proposed algorithm can be used to generate a representative QRS loop for each VCG record. This representative QRS loop can be used to visualize, compare, and further process VCG records for automatic VCG record classification.
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
This article presents an overview of existing approaches to perform vectorcardiographic (VCG) diagnostics of ischemic heart disease (IHD). Individual methodologies are divided into categories to create a comprehensive and clear overview of electrical cardiac activity measurement, signal pre-processing, features extraction and classification procedures. An emphasis is placed on methods describing the electrical heart space (EHS) by several features extraction techniques based on spatiotemporal characteristics or signal modelling and signal transformations. Performance of individual methodologies are compared depending on classification of extent of ischemia, acute forms - myocardial infarction (MI) and myocardial scars localization. Based on a comparison of imaging methods, the advantages of VCG over the standard 12-leads ECG such as providing a 3D orthogonal leads imaging, better performance, and appropriate computer processing are highlighted. The issues of electrical cardiac activity measurements on body surface, the lack of VKG databases supported by a more accurate imaging method, possibility of comparison with the physiology of individual cases are outlined as potential reserves for future research.
- MeSH
- elektrokardiografie metody MeSH
- infarkt myokardu * MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- myokard MeSH
- počítačové zpracování signálu MeSH
- srdce fyziologie MeSH
- vektorkardiografie * metody MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
Úvod: Rozsáhlé resekční výkony na játrech jsou spojeny s rizikem vývoje jaterního selhání. V rámci indikace k operačnímu výkonu je využívána řada přímých i nepřímých metod k hodnocení funkce jaterního parenchymu i předpokládaného poresekčního rezidua. Řešená problematika: Morfologické metody odhadují funkci zejména na základě informace o objemu budoucího rezidua, laboratorní testy posuzují spíše globální funkci a nemusejí vždy korelovat s prognózou pacientů. Ze scintigrafické diagnostiky mají potenciál postupy založené na sledování akumulace derivátů iminodioctové kyseliny (IDA), zejména se jedná o stanovení hepatální extrakční frakce a výpočet rychlosti nárůstu aktivity v jaterním parenchymu. Druhý uvedený postup umožňuje identifikovat pacienty v potenciálním riziku jaterního selhání po resekčním výkonu i díky literárně definovaným hraničním hodnotám. Závěr: Scintigrafické metody mohou být využity v odhadu funkčního stavu budoucího rezidua jater, a tím i sloužit v algoritmu indikace pacientů k rozsáhlým resekčním výkonům. Z možných vyšetření umožňuje identifikovat pacienty v riziku jaterního selhání po operačním výkonu zejména výpočet rychlosti akumulace derivátu IDA v jaterním parenchymu.
Introduction: Extensive resections in liver parenchyma can lead to the liver dysfunction or liver failure due to the insufficient postoperative remnant. Indication process involves direct and indirect methods for the assessment of liver function. Topic solved: Morphological imaging methods estimate the liver remnant function mainly based on the volume calculations. Laboratory tests asses rather global function and they may not always correlate with the patient’s prognosis. Scintigraphic methods include monitoring of accumulation of iminodiacetic acid derivatives (IDA), especially determination of hepatic extraction fraction (HEF) and calculation of IDA uptake rate in liver parenchyma. Conclusion: Scintigraphic methods can be used for the estimation of the liver remnant function during the indication for the extensive liver resections. Especially the calculation of IDA uptake rate in liver parenchyma is potent to identify patients in a higher risk of future liver failure.
BACKGROUND: Solitary fibrous tumour of the liver is a rare mesenchymal tumour, occurring usually in women and with various symptomatology. The symptoms mostly result from pressure of the tumour mass on surrounding organs. Due to unknown biological behaviour and gradual increase of tumour volume, surgical resection is mostly the preferred treatment option. CASE: A 75-year-old woman with a history of endometrial cancer, presenting with an incidental finding of a liver mass, initially considered of infectious origin (either echinococcosis or cysticercosis). Further diagnostics did not clarify the aetiology, a surgical revision was rejected at the time. The subsequent follow-up was interrupted by the development of symptoms of gastrointestinal and renal obstruction, which led to a complete surgical removal of the tumour, sized 30 × 25 × 20 cm. A histopathological examination showed a CD34 and STAT6 positivity, leading to a diagnosis of a giant solitary fibrous tumour of the liver. The patient recovered well, without any signs of recurrence. CONCLUSION: The solitary fibrous tumour of the liver is a rare, often incidental finding. It is considered benign, but malignant growth was also reported. A gradual growth mostly results in pressure on other organs. A surgical resection is the treatment of choice. Transarterial embolization is another treatment possibility. Due to indeterminate malignant potential a regular follow-up is necessary, including tumour markers and imaging methods.
- MeSH
- játra patologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nádorové biomarkery MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- solitární fibrózní tumory * diagnóza chirurgie patologie MeSH
- transkripční faktor STAT6 MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- kazuistiky MeSH
Endofibrosis is a rare disease that predominantly affects athletes and is caused by a gradual occlusion of the (usually iliac) artery due to a thickening of the intima. From our experience, we report in this article two cases with the entity of endofibrosis in females around 30 years old. The first case presented with acute limb ischemia, and the second one was with pain in the leg during exercise. In addition, both cases are professional cyclists. They were eventually diagnosed with endofibrosis and underwent surgical procedures. They are now pursuing their professional career successfully. Last but not least, endofibrosis might be classified as an occupational disease, particularly, in the case of professional athletes or cyclists.
- Publikační typ
- kazuistiky MeSH
BACKGROUND: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), often associated with obesity and metabolic syndrome, manifests itself as steatosis, hepatic fibrosis, cirrhosis, or even end-stage liver disease. NAFLD causes inflammation, insulin resistance and cardiovascular complications. The current study aimed to evaluate the beneficial effects of bariatric surgery on biochemical parameters of hepatic functions in obese patients by comparing them before and one-year after the surgery. METHODS: A total of 72 morbidly obese patients underwent bariatric surgery between 2016 and 2018. The incidence of diabetes mellitus in this group was 29%, median body weight was 124.5 kg (109.0-140.0) and mean body mass index (BMI) was 44.38 ± 6.770 kg/m2. The used surgical procedures included gastric bypass, sleeve gastrectomy, laparoscopic gastric plication, and single anastomosis duodeno-ileal bypass-sleeve gastrectomy. Biochemical parameters including ALT/AST ratio (AAR), NAFLD fibrosis score (NFS), hepatic fibrosis index (FIB-4) and Fatty Liver Index (FLI) were evaluated in all patients at the time of surgery and one year after the intervention. RESULTS: Significant improvement after the intervention was observed in 64 patients. A significant reduction in body weight (P<0.0001), waist circumference (P<0.0001), and body mass index (P<0.0001) were observed. NAFLD liver fibrosis index changed significantly (P<0.0001), suggesting a trend of improvement from advanced fibrosis towards stages 0-2. The FIB-4 fibrosis index indicated significant improvement (P=0.0136). Besides, a significant decline in hepatic steatosis (P<0.0001) was observed after bariatric surgery as compared to the pre-surgery fatty liver conditions. CONCLUSION: Among the strategies to overcome NAFLD-associated impediments, bariatric surgery can be considered effective in reducing obesity and metabolic co-morbidities. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04569396).
- MeSH
- bariatrická chirurgie * škodlivé účinky MeSH
- fibróza MeSH
- jaterní cirhóza komplikace MeSH
- játra MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- morbidní obezita * komplikace patologie chirurgie MeSH
- následné studie MeSH
- nealkoholová steatóza jater * etiologie chirurgie MeSH
- prospektivní studie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Použití silikonového a latexového drénu je nedílnou součástí chirurgické praxe. Klinika i přehled světové literatury ukazují, že silikonový drén se vyznačuje mnohem nižší mírou fibrotické reakce tkáně kolem drénu. Schopnost latexového neboli pryžového či lidově nazývaného gumového drénu indukovat ve svém okolí tvorbu vaziva se s výhodou využívá v situacích, kdy je žádoucí cílené vytváření jizevnaté tkáně. Tato vlastnost u silikonových drénů absentuje. V dnešní době je však u většiny pracovišť pravidlem používání drénů téměř výlučně silikonových, které se zakládá na prevenci alergie na latex. Článek se věnuje popisu rozdílné a vzájemně nezaměnitelné reakce tkaniva na silikon a latex. Následně se také zabývá otázkou, jestli je soumrak používání latexového drénu v moderní medicíně doopravdy progresem, nebo spíše zpátečnictvím.
The use of silicone and latex drains is an integral part of surgical practice. Experience and the review of the world literature show that silicone drain is characterized by a much lower rate of fibrotic reaction of the tissue around the drain. The ability of a latex, or rubber, or popularly called rubber drain, to induce the formation of ligaments in its surroundings is advantageously used in situations where the targeted formation of scar tissue is desired. This feature is absent in silicone drains. However, nowadays the rule in most surgical departments is to use almost exclusively silicone drains, which is based on prevention of latex allergy. This article is devoted to the description of the different and mutually irreplaceable use of silicone and latex drains. Subsequently, he also discusses the question of whether the twilight of the use of latex drains in modern medicine is really progress, or rather retrogression.
