AIM: Cutaneous T-cell lymphomas (CTCL) can be described as chronic skin inflammation lesions with the content of malignant T cells and they are considered to be T-cell-mediated skin diseases. CD147 is recognized as a 58-kDa cell surface glycoprotein of the immunoglobulin superfamily; it can induce the synthesis of MMPs (matrix metalloproteinases) on the surface of tumor cells where it was originally identified. It can also function in adjacent tumor fibroblasts using CD147-CD147 interactions. The polymorphism rs8259 T/A is situated in the untranslated region (3'UTR) of the CD147 gene. HLA DRB1*1501 takes part in the process of presentation and recognition of different antigens to T cells. It can be expressed by antigen-presenting cells-macrophages, dendritic cells, and B cells. The aim of the study is to test genotype-phenotype associations of both polymorphisms including therapy in a large cohort of CTCL patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A final total of 104 CTCL patients were enrolled in the study. For the first remission at the clinic department, they were treated by means of local skin-directed therapy, phototherapy, and systemic therapy. Genomic DNA was isolated from peripheral blood leukocytes. A standard technique using proteinase K was applied. The polymorphisms rs8259 T/A (CD147 gene) and rs3135388 (HLA DRB1*1501) were detected through standard PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism methods. RESULTS: The severity of the disease (patients with parapsoriasis, stages IA and IB, vs patients with stages IIB, IIIA, and IIIB) was associated with the CD147 genotype: the AA variant was 3.38 times more frequent in more severe cases, which reflects the decision on systemic therapy (p = 0.02, specificity 0.965). The AA genotype in the CD147 polymorphism was 12 times more frequent in patients who underwent systemic therapy of CTCL compared to those not treated with this therapy (p = 0.009, specificity 0.976). The same genotype was also associated with radiotherapy-it was observed 14 times more frequently in patients treated with radiotherapy (p = 0.009, specificity 0.959). In patients treated with interferon α therapy, the AA genotype was observed to be 5.85 times more frequent compared to the patients not treated with interferon therapy (p = 0.03, specificity 0.963). The HLA DRB1*1501 polymorphism was associated with local skin-directed therapy of CTCL. The CC genotype of the polymorphism was observed to be 3.57 times more frequent in patients treated with local therapy (p = 0.008, specificity 0.948). When both polymorphisms had been calculated together, even better results were obtained: the AACC double genotype was 11 times more frequent in patients with severe CTCL (p = 0.009, specificity 0.977). The TACT double genotype was associated with local skin-directed therapy (0.09 times lower frequency, p = 0.007, sensitivity 0.982). The AACC genotype was 8.9 times more frequent in patients treated by means of systemic therapy (p = 0.02, specificity 0.976) and as many as 18.8 times more frequent in patients treated with radiotherapy (p = 0.005, specificity 0.969). Thus, the AACC double genotype of CD147 and DRB1*1501 polymorphisms seems to be a clinically highly specific marker of severity, systemic therapy and radiotherapy of patients with T-cell lymphoma. CONCLUSION: Although genotyping results were not known during the treatment decision and could not modify it, the clinical decision on severity and therapy reflected some aspects of the genetic background of this complicated T-cell-associated disease very well.

• MeSH
• genetické markery MeSH
• HLA-DRB1 řetězec genetika   MeSH
• kožní T-buněčný lymfom * farmakoterapie   genetika   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• lymfom T-buněčný * MeSH
• nádory kůže * farmakoterapie   genetika   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

BACKGROUND: Chronic venous disease (CVD) is a common disorder of lower extremities. OBJECTIVES: The study was scheduled to investigate the relationship between polymorphisms in major proinflammatory genes TNF α (-238 A/G; -308 A/G), TNF β (NcoI), IL-1β (+3953 T/C); IL-6 (-174 G/C; -596 G/C) and ADAM17 (3'TACE) and CVD risk. Genotype-phenotype study was calculated to test possible association between examined genotypes and phenotypes of CVD. METHODS: Finally, 150 CVD patients and 227 control subjects were enrolled to the study. Genotypes in proinflammatory gene polymorphisms were identified from isolated DNA by PCR method and restriction analysis. RESULTS: Significant differences in genotype distribution/allelic frequencies in TNF β gene, IL-1 β gene and in ADAM17 gene polymorphisms were found between CVD women and control ones. In the genotype-phenotype study, identified genotypes were associated with arterial hypertension (ADAM17, IL-6-men), ischaemic heart disease (TNF α and β genes), diabetes mellitus (ADAM17-women, TNF β-men), age of CVD onset (TNF α and IL-6), ulceration (ADAM17), duration of ulceration (ADAM17), ulceration recurrence (ADAM17-women), home care necessity (TNF α), varices surgery (TNF α), erysipelas development (ADAM17-men) and tumour development (TNF α). CONCLUSION: Studying of these polymorphisms associations can help us better identify patients at higher risk of developing severe CVD.

• MeSH
• chronická nemoc MeSH
• frekvence genu MeSH
• genetická predispozice k nemoci MeSH
• genotyp MeSH
• interleukin-1beta genetika   MeSH
• interleukin-6 genetika   MeSH
• jednonukleotidový polymorfismus MeSH
• kardiovaskulární nemoci * genetika   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• lymfotoxin-alfa genetika   MeSH
• protein ADAM17 genetika   MeSH
• TNF-alfa * genetika   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

AIM: Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) is a group of T-cell malignancies that develop in the skin. Though studied intensively, the etiology and pathogenesis of CTCL remain elusive. This study evaluated the survival of CTCL patients in the 1st Department of Dermatovenereology of St. Anne's University Hospital Brno. It included analysis of 19 polymorphic gene variants based on their expected involvement in CTCL severity. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 75 patients with CTCL, evaluated and treated at the 1st Department of Dermatovenereology of St. Anne ́s University Hospital Brno, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, were recruited for the study over the last 28 years (44 men and 31 women, average age 58 years, range 20-82 years). All patients were genotyped for 19 chosen gene polymorphisms by the conventional PCR method with restriction analysis. A multivariate Cox regression model was calculated to reveal genetic polymorphisms and other risk factors for survival. RESULTS: The model identified MDR Ex21 2677 (rs2032582) as a significant genetic factor influencing the survival of the patients, with the T-allele playing a protective role. A multivariate stepwise Cox regression model confirmed the following as significant independent risk factors for overall survival: increased age at admission, clinical staging of the tumor, and male sex. CONCLUSION: We showed that the TT genotype at position 2677 of the MDR1 gene exhibited statistically significant longer survival in CTCL patients. As such, the TT genotype of MDR1 confers a significant advantage for the CTCL patients who respond to treatment.

• MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• genotyp MeSH
• kožní T-buněčný lymfom * genetika   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• nádory kůže * genetika   patologie   MeSH
• polymorfismus genetický MeSH
• rizikové faktory MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

Monoklonální gamapatie nejistého významu (MGUS) je charakterizována přítomností monoklonálního imunoglobulinu (M-Ig) bez průkazu přítomnosti mnohočetného myelomu (MM), Waldenströmovy makroglobulinemie (WM), amyloidózy (AL), nebo příbuzných plazmocelulárních chorob. MGUS je přítomen přibližně u 3% osoby >70 let věku a asi v 1% u osob starších než50 let. V souboru sledovaném na Mayo Clinic stanovili riziko progrese 1% ročně. Riziko trvalo po >25 let po stabilní hladině M-Ig. Riziko vzniku MM, WM, nebo AL bylo zvýšeno 25×, 46× a 8,4×. Koncentrace M-Ig, abnormální poměr koncentrace volných lehkých řetězců a přítomnost monoklonálního imunoglobulinu typu IgM (M-IgM) nebo typu IgA (M-IgA) představují rizikové faktory pro časnou progresi. Přítomnost monoklonálního imunoglobulinu v moči nebo snížení koncentrace nebylo rizikovým faktorem progrese MGUS. Monoklonální gamapatie nejistého významu je možno členit na MGUS typu IgG, typu IgA a typu FLC, s rizikem transformace do MM a na MGUS typu IgM s rizikem transformace do MW. Poměrně vzácné jsou biklonální gamapatie, triklonální gamapatie, idiopatická Bence-Jonesova (light-chain) proteinurie a IgD MGUS. Monoklonální imunoglobulin je často nalézán u některých dalších nemocí, jako jsou lymfoproliferativní choroby, leukemie, získaná von Willebrandova choroba a u nemocí pojiv. Tvorba monoklonálního imunoglobulinu při MGUS je výsledkem přítomnosti malého a/nebo stabilního klonu plazmocytů, jeho přítomnost je v organismu zcela asymptomatická, ale pro výše uvedená rizika transformace vyžaduje jenom pravidelné monitorování, ale nikoliv léčbu. Někdy ale, ačkoliv je populace plazmatických buněk klidná a početně nevelká, činí méně než 10% všech jaderných buněk kostní dřeně, takže samotný počet plazmocytů by léčbu nevyžadoval, přesto tento početně malý klon neproliferujících plazmocytů způsobuje závažné poškození orgánů důsledkem toxického působení monoklonálního imunoglobulinu na organismus. Rozpoznávání těchto stavů je obtížné a tento typ poškození nemocného často nebývá ani léčen odpovídajícím způsobem, ačkoliv tito nemocní potřebují rychlou a specifickou intervenci pro zachování funkce poškozených orgánů a tkání. S cílem zlepšit diagnostiku a léčbu těchto chorobných stavů, v jejichž etiopatogenezi má zásadní roli monoklonální imunoglobulin, navrhli autoři z Mayo Clinic zastřešující termín Monoclonal Gammopathy of Clinical Significance MGCS neboli monoklonální gamapatii klinického významu a celé spektrum těchto patologických stavů rozdělili dle mechanismu tkáňového poškození. Zdůrazňují diverzitu těchto poruch, jejichž diagnostika a léčba vyžaduje multidisciplinární přístup. Pro léčbu se zde nabízejí dva možné přístupy. Prvním je totální eliminace klonu produkujícího monoklonální imunoglobulin, dosažení kompletní remise s negativním výsledkem imunofixační elektroforézy. Účinné kombinace obsahující daratumumab jsou asi optimální volbou léčby. Druhým možným léčebných způsobem pro četné formy tohoto poškození je pravidelné podávání imunomodulačních dávek nitrožilních imunoglobulinů (IVIGů), které mohou pomoci v případech, kdy se nepodaří zcela odstranit tvorbu toxického monoklonálního imunoglobulinu.

Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) is characterized by the presence of a monoclonal protein (M-protein) without evidence of multiple myeloma (MM), Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia (WM), amyloidosis (AL), or a related plasma cell proliferative disorder. MGUS is found in approximately 3% of persons >70 years of age and in about 1% of those >50 years old. At Mayo Clinic from 1960 through 1994, the risk of progression was 1% per year. This risk of progression continued even after of a stable M-protein. The risk for developing MM, WM, or AL was increased 25-fold, 46-fold, and 8.4-fold, respectively. The concentration of the serum M-protein, abnormal serum free light-chain ratio, and the presence an immunoglobulin (Ig)M or an IgA M-protein were risk factors for progression. The presence of a urine M-protein was not a risk factor for disease progression. Variants of MGUS consist of IgM MGUS, biclonal gammopathies, triclonal gammopathies, idiopathic Bence Jones (light-chain) proteinuria, and IgD MGUS. Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance may be associated with many disorders, including lymphoproliferative diseases, leukemia, von Willebrand's disease, connective tissue diseases, and neurologic disorders. MGUS results from a small and/or quiescent secreting B-cell clone, is completely asymptomatic, and requires regular monitoring only. Sometimes, although plasma cell are quiescent and not requiring any treatment per se, the clone is associated with potentially severe organ damage due to the toxicity of the monoclonal immunoglobulin or to other mechanisms. The latter situation is increasingly observed but still poorly recognized and frequently undertreated, although it often requires rapid specific intervention to preserve involved organ function. To improve early recognition and management of these small B-cell clone-related disorders, autors from Mayo Clinic proposed to introduce the concept of monoclonal gammopathy of clinical significance (MGCS). This report identifies the spectrum of MGCSs that are classified according to mechanisms of tissue injury. It highlights the diversity of these disorders for which diagnosis and treatment are often challenging in clinical practice and require a multidisciplinary approach. Principles of management, including main diagnostic and therapeutic procedures, are also described. Importantly, efficient control of the underlying B-cell clone usually results in organ improvement. Currently, it relies mainly on chemotherapy and other anti-B-cell/plasma cell agents, which should aim the best hematological response. Combinations of daratumumab with other anti-myeloma drugs may be best solution. High immunomodulatory dosis of IVIGs can help in failure of the anti-plasma cell therapy.

• Klíčová slova
• daratumumab,
• MeSH
• imunoglobulin M toxicita   MeSH
• imunomodulační látky terapeutické užití   MeSH
• intravenózní imunoglobuliny terapeutické užití   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• monoklonální gamapatie nejasného významu * diagnóza   farmakoterapie   komplikace   MeSH
• paraproteinemie * diagnóza   farmakoterapie   komplikace   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

• MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• paraproteinemie * epidemiologie   patofyziologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

• Publikační typ
• abstrakt z konference MeSH

• Klíčová slova
• risankizumab,
• MeSH
• biologická terapie MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• psoriatická artritida farmakoterapie   MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• výsledek terapie MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• Publikační typ
• kazuistiky MeSH

• MeSH
• dermatologie MeSH
• kongresy jako téma MeSH

Syphilis, caused by Treponema pallidum ssp. pallidum (TPA), is a persisting global health problem. Although syphilis diagnostics relies mainly on serology, serological tests have some limitations, and it is recommended that the final diagnosis be supported by additional tests. The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between serology and PCR in syphilis diagnostics. From the year 2004 to May 2019, a total of 941 samples were taken from 833 patients suspected of having syphilis, in Czech Republic. In all these samples, both nested PCR detection of TPA and serology testing were performed. Of the 941 samples, 126 were seronegative, 651 were seropositive, and 164 were serodiscrepant. Among seronegative samples (n = 126), 11 were PCR-positive (8.7%). Among seropositive samples (n = 651; i.e., samples positive for both non-treponemal and treponemal serology tests), 368 samples were PCR-positive (56.5%). The remaining 164 serodiscrepant samples included RPR negative and treponemal serological test-positive samples (n = 154) and a set of 10 RPR-positive samples negative in treponemal serological tests. While the first group revealed 73 PCR-positive samples (47.4%), the second revealed 5 PCR positive samples (50.0%). PCR detection rates were highest in primary syphilis, with lower rates in the secondary and undetermined syphilis stages. As shown here, the nested PCR can improve diagnostics of syphilis, especially in seronegative patients and in patients with discrepant serology.

• MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• polymerázová řetězová reakce * MeSH
• retrospektivní studie MeSH
• sérologická diagnostika syfilis metody   MeSH
• syfilis krev   diagnóza   MeSH
• Treponema genetika   imunologie   izolace a purifikace   fyziologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

Psoriáza je chronické zánětlivé kožní onemocnění, které postihuje 2–3 % populace. Dělí se dle fenotypu do několika forem, dle závažnosti na mírnou, středně těžkou a těžkou. Podle závažnosti a komorbidit je volena léčba onemocnění. K možnostem léčby náleží léčba místní, světloléčba, léčba systémová a nejnověji léčba biologická. S vývojem a uplatněním nových molekul, resp. monoklonálních protilátek významně stoupají náklady na léčbu, ale také spokojenost pacientů s výsledkem léčby i u velmi těžkých forem onemocnění. Vývoj pokračuje rovněž u lokální terapie. Jsou zkoumány a vyvíjeny nové nosičové systémy, které velmi účinně transportují aktivní látky skrze kožní bariéru a umožňují vysoce efektivní místní léčbu psoriázy.

Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease that affects 2‑3% of the population. Psoriasis is divided according to phenotype into several forms, depending on severity, to mild, medium and severe form. Depending on the severity and co‑morbidities, treatment of the disease is chosen. The treatment options include local treatment, phototherapy, systemic treatment and, most recently, biological treatment. With the development and application of new molecules, respectively. monoclonal antibodies significantly increase the cost of treatment, but also patient satisfaction with the outcome of treatment in very severe forms of the disease. Development also continues with local treatment. New carrier systems have been investigated and developed. They efficiently transport active agents through the skin barrier and allow highly effective topical treatment of psoriasis.

• MeSH
• biologická terapie metody   MeSH
• fototerapie MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• monoklonální protilátky klasifikace   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• psoriáza * epidemiologie   farmakoterapie   patofyziologie   psychologie   MeSH
• směrnice pro lékařskou praxi jako téma MeSH
• výsledek terapie MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• přehledy MeSH