Koloskopické vyšetření je klíčová metoda pro prevenci, diagnostiku i léčbu onemocnění tlustého střeva. Součástí koloskopického vyšetření je příprava střeva před samotným zákrokem, spočívající ve vyprázdnění střeva pomocí perorálně užívaných lavážujících látek a s tím související přechodná změna diety. Tato příprava může u pacientů s diabetes mellitus vést k rozkolísání glykemie a riziku hypoglykemie. Kazuistika popisuje případ pacienta s diabetes mellitus 1. typu léčeného pomocí hybridního uzavřeného okruhu, který v rámci přípravy na koloskopické vyšetření využíval na základě dat z kontinuální monitorace glykemie sáčky s 5 gramy sacharózy k doplnění energie a stabilizaci glykemie. Glykemie se v průběhu přípravy pohybovaly

Colonoscopy is a key method for preventing, diagnosing, and treating colon diseases. The colonoscopic examination includes preparing the colon before the procedure, which involves emptying the bowel with orally administered lavage agents and the associated temporary change in diet. This preparation can lead to glycemic fluctuations and the risk of hypoglycemia in patients with diabetes mellitus. This case report describes the case of a patient with type 1 diabetes mellitus treated with a hybrid closed-loop system who used 5 grams of sucrose sachets during colonoscopic preparation to replenish energy and stabilize glucose based on continuous glucose monitoring data. Glycemia during preparation kept within recommended values 3.9-10.0 mmol/l.

• MeSH
• defekace účinky léků   MeSH
• diabetes mellitus 1. typu * komplikace   MeSH
• hypoglykemie prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• kolonoskopie * škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• kolorektální nádory prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• komplikace diabetu prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• krevní glukóza analýza   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• polyethylenglykoly aplikace a dávkování   MeSH
• předoperační péče metody   MeSH
• regulace glykemie metody   MeSH
• sacharosa aplikace a dávkování   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• kazuistiky MeSH

OBJECTIVE: Crohn's disease (CD) can be associated with a wide range of extraintestinal manifestations (EIMs), including neurological ones. Published studies differ in their conclusions about the epidemiology and etiopathogenesis of neurological EIMs. The aims of this study were to demonstrate the presence and find risk factors of peripheral (somatic and autonomic) neuropathy patients with severe CD on anti-TNFα biological therapy. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A clinical examination focusing on detection of peripheral sensor-motor nervous dysfunction (including Sudoscan) and examination of autonomic nervous system dysfunction (using Ewing ́s battery tests and spectral analysis) together with laboratory tests and collection of demographic data followed by administration of questionnaires were performed on a total of 30 neurologically asymptomatic outpatients with severe CD on anti-TNFα biological therapy. RESULTS: Peripheral sensor-motor nervous function via clinical neurological examination was pathological in 36.7% and Sudoscan in 33.3% of cases. Statistically significant associations between vibration perception test and age, CD and biological therapy duration, body mass index and Crohn's Disease Activity Index were proved while statistically significant associations between temperature perception test and age and BMI were proved as well. Additionally, a decrease of total protein in a patient ́s serum below the physiological cut-off in the 6 months prior to measurement was associated with a pathological result of a Sudoscan. Cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy based on Ewing ́s battery tests was present in 56.7% of patients, no statistically significant risk factors were found. Our peripheral neuropathy questionnaire correlated with the results of the Sudoscan test and some tests of the clinical examination of peripheral sensor-motor nervous function (discriminatory contact perception test, temperature perception test). CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrated a relatively high prevalence of peripheral (especially autonomic) neuropathy and verified some risk factors for the development of peripheral somatic neuropathy in asymptomatic patients with severe form of CD on anti-TNFα biological therapy.

• MeSH
• autonomní nervový systém MeSH
• biologická terapie MeSH
• Crohnova nemoc * farmakoterapie   epidemiologie   komplikace   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nemoci autonomního nervového systému * MeSH
• nemoci periferního nervového systému * MeSH
• TNF-alfa terapeutické užití   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Třetí vydání učebního textu Lékařská histologie II je zdařilým pokračováním prvního dílu. Předkládané informace jsou opět vysvětlovány na základě moderních poznatků včetně molekulární stavby a funkčních aspektů. Vše je opět doplněno množstvím velmi přehledných ilustrací.; Třetí aktualizované vydání vysokoškolského učebního textu, které je věnováno mikroskopické anatomii.

• Klíčová slova
• Ostatní lékařské obory,
• MeSH
• anatomie MeSH
• mikroskopie MeSH

• NLK Obory
• histologie
• anatomie
• mikrobiologie, lékařská mikrobiologie

PURPOSE: Fecal immunochemical test (FIT) once a year or colonoscopy once in 10 years is the option approved for colorectal cancer (CRC) screening for asymptomatic individuals aged ≥ 50 years in the Czech Republic. We analyzed participation in the screening program to determine possible improvements. METHODS: In this observational cross-sectional study, data were collected from 4044 randomly chosen individuals from the Czech population (1866 men, 2178 women) aged ≥ 50 years by questionnaires. Individuals who underwent colonoscopy within the last 10 years or/and FIT within the last 2 years were classified as participants in the screening. RESULTS: 1050 individuals underwent FIT, 464 colonoscopy, and 558 underwent both. Adjusted for age, gender, and education, a higher chance of participation in the screening was observed in groups of non-smokers (OR = 1.25; CI 1.05-1.48), ex-smokers (OR = 1.51; CI 1.26-1.83), consuming smoked meat products less than once a week (OR = 1.26; CI 1.09-1.45), practicing physical activity at least once a week (OR = 1.25; CI 1.03-1.51), hospitalized in the past 12 months (OR = 1.73; CI 1.47-2.05), or consulting a general practitioner (GP) in the past 12 months (OR = 2.26; CI 1.87-2.74). The chance of participation of individuals having a risk factor for CRC (obesity, smoking, diabetes, low physical activity, alcohol drinking) was not higher compared to those without the risk factors. CONCLUSION: Individuals with a tendency to a healthy lifestyle or being in recent contact with the healthcare system by various means, mainly visiting a GP, had a higher participation in the screening for CRC. Among groups with an increased risk for CRC, higher participation was not shown.

• MeSH
• časná detekce nádoru * MeSH
• kolonoskopie MeSH
• kolorektální nádory * diagnóza   epidemiologie   prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• plošný screening MeSH
• průřezové studie MeSH
• rizikové faktory MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• pozorovací studie MeSH

Vysokoškolská učebnice, která se zaměřuje na mikroskopickou anatomii a histologii.

• MeSH
• anatomie MeSH
• mikroskopie MeSH

• Konspekt
• Učební osnovy. Vyučovací předměty. Učebnice
• Anatomie člověka a srovnávací anatomie
• NLK Obory
• histologie
• anatomie
• mikrobiologie, lékařská mikrobiologie
• NLK Publikační typ
• učebnice vysokých škol

• Publikační typ
• abstrakt z konference MeSH

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: SARS-CoV-2 is a worldwide serious health problem and vaccination seems to have a crucial role in managing the COVID-19 pandemic. The aim of this prospective observational study was to monitor the trend of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 after vaccination with BNT162b2 (COMIRNATY) in patients with inflammatory bowel disease treated by immunosuppressive and/or biological therapy, demonstrate whether any type of this therapy is associated with poorer production of antibodies against COVID-19 and evaluate the safety of vaccination against COVID-19 in these patients. METHODS: Eighty-seven eligible patients from one tertiary gastroenterological center with inflammatory bowel disease (60 with CD, 27 with UC) treated by immunosuppressive and/or biological therapy from the antiTNFα group were indicated to vaccination against SARS-CoV-2. Effectiveness of vaccination was evaluated by the values of antibodies before and 4 weeks after 2nd dose of vaccine. Additional goal was to evaluate adverse events of vaccination. RESULTS: Before the 2nd dose of vaccine, geometric mean of SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies were 40.7 U/ml in the biological therapy group, 34.8 U/ml in the azathioprine group and 44.8 U/ml in the combination therapy group of patients. The geometric means were 676.5.7 U/ml in the biological therapy group, 614.4 U/ml in the azathioprine group and 500.1 U/ml in the combination therapy group of patients four weeks after 2nd dose. Statistically significant differences between these groups were not proved. Several non-severe local and general adverse events were present in our patients with a majority of these events on the day of vaccine administration and the day after, no anaphylactic reactions were present. CONCLUSIONS: Our measurements proved the efficacy and safety of vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 in patients with inflammatory bowel disease treated by immunosuppressive and/or biological therapy. Statistically significant differences between our groups of patients were not proved.

• MeSH
• azathioprin MeSH
• COVID-19 * prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• idiopatické střevní záněty * chemicky indukované   farmakoterapie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• pandemie MeSH
• protilátky virové MeSH
• SARS-CoV-2 MeSH
• vakcína BNT162 MeSH
• vakcinace MeSH
• vakcíny proti COVID-19 škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• virové vakcíny * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• pozorovací studie MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

OBJECTIVE: The adalimumab biosimilars FKB327 and GP2017 were approved for the therapy of patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Relatively few prospective studies with biosimilar adalimumab in patients with IBD have been published. The aim of this prospective observational study was to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of the biosimilar adalimumab. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Adalimumab biosimilars FKB327 (Hulio®) and GP2017 (Hyrimoz®) were indicated to 50 naive patients in terms of biological therapy with Crohn's disease (CD) or ulcerative colitis (UC). Effectiveness of therapy was evaluated via the Crohn's Disease Activity Index [CDAI] or the Mayo Scoring System [MSS] in patients with CD or UC, respectively, before and after 12 weeks. Additional goals were to evaluate weight changes, laboratory tests and complications or adverse events of this therapy. RESULTS: In CD patients, remission (CDAI <150) was achieved in 73.5% of cases, partial response (≥70-point decrease in CDAI score from baseline) in 11.8%, no response in 11.8% and 2.9% patients discontinued therapy. In UC patients, remission (total score on partial Mayo index ≤2 points) was achieved only in 18.8% of cases, partial response (≥2-point decrease in partial Mayo score from baseline) in 43.8%, no response in 25.0% and 12.5% patients discontinued therapy. There were statistically significant improvements in CDAI, MSS, haemoglobin, fecal calprotectin, albumin and CRP serum levels after 12 weeks of therapy. Seven adverse events were identified, three of which resulted in therapy being discontinued. CONCLUSIONS: This prospective observational study proved the effectiveness of the adalimumab biosimilars FKB327 and GP2017 in IBD.

• MeSH
• adalimumab škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• biosimilární léčivé přípravky * škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• Crohnova nemoc * MeSH
• idiopatické střevní záněty * farmakoterapie   MeSH
• indukce remise MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• prospektivní studie MeSH
• ulcerózní kolitida * MeSH
• výsledek terapie MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• pozorovací studie MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

• Publikační typ
• abstrakt z konference MeSH

PURPOSE: To investigate computed tomography (CT) features which predict lung resection in children with complicated community-acquired pneumonia. METHODS: A retrospective study of CT findings of patients with complicated pneumonia treated between January 2010 and December 2019. Fisher's exact test and ROC curves were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: The study cohort consisted of 84 patients who underwent chest CT for complicated pneumonia. Lung resection was performed in 36 patients, 3 patients were treated by lung decortication, 45 patients were cured conservatively. Seven CT features were found statistically significant among the patients who underwent lung resection. 80.5% of patients from the resection group had two or more of these features on the initial CT scan, 64% had three or more. According to ROC analysis, simultaneous occurrence of multiple cavities equal to or greater than 3 cm and lung abscess predicted a pulmonary resection. CONCLUSION: The combination of CT features which clearly predict lung resection are the simultaneous occurrence of multiple cavities ≥ 3 cm and lung abscess. The most common triple combination of CT signs in the resected group of patients were multiple cavities ≥ 3 cm, consolidation of lung tissue and pleural effusion < 3 cm.

• MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• infekce získané v komunitě * diagnostické zobrazování   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• plíce diagnostické zobrazování   chirurgie   MeSH
• pneumonie * diagnostické zobrazování   MeSH
• počítačová rentgenová tomografie MeSH
• retrospektivní studie MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH