In the microbiological diagnosis of bloodstream infections (BSI), blood culture (BC) is considered the gold standard test despite its limitations such as low sensitivity and slow turnaround time. A new FDA-cleared and CE-marked platform utilizing magnetic resonance to detect amplified DNA of the six most common and/or problematic BSI pathogens (Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Escherichia coli; referred to as ESKAPEc) is available and may shorten the time to diagnosis and potentially improve antimicrobial utilization. Whole blood samples from hospitalized patients with clinical signs of sepsis were analyzed using the T2Bacteria Panel (T2Biosystems) and compared to simultaneously collected BC. Discrepant results were evaluated based on clinical infection criteria, combining supporting culture results and the opinion of treating physicians. A total of 55 samples from 53 patients were evaluated. The sensitivity and specificity of the T2Bacteria panel was 94% (16 out of 17 detections of T2Bacteria-targeted organisms) and 100%, respectively, with 36.4% (8 of 22) causes of BSI detected only by this method. The T2Bacteria Panel detected pathogens on average 55 hours faster than standard BC. In our study, 9 of 15 patients with positive T2Bacteria Panel results received early-targeted antibiotic therapy and/or modification of antimicrobial treatment based on T2Bacteria Panel findings. Given the high reliability, faster time to detection, and easy workflow, the technique qualifies as a point-of-care testing approach.

• MeSH
• Acinetobacter baumannii účinky léků   genetika   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• antibakteriální látky farmakologie   MeSH
• antibiotická politika metody   MeSH
• bakteriemie krev   farmakoterapie   mikrobiologie   MeSH
• Enterococcus faecium účinky léků   genetika   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• Escherichia coli účinky léků   genetika   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• Klebsiella pneumoniae účinky léků   genetika   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• krev mikrobiologie   MeSH
• kultivační vyšetření krve MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• prospektivní studie MeSH
• Pseudomonas aeruginosa účinky léků   genetika   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• Staphylococcus aureus účinky léků   genetika   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

Výsledky bakteriologických analýz provedených v Laboratoři bakteriální genetiky (LBG) Státního zdravotního ústavu dokládají aktuální šíření extenzivně-rezistentních (XDR) kmenů Acinetobacter baumannii citlivých pouze ke kolistinu v tuzemských nemocnicích i mimo ně. Pro posouzení rozsahu tohoto problému na celostátní úrovni LBG proto zahajuje celorepublikové monitorování výskytu a populačně-genetických vlastností kmenů XDR A. baumannii.

The results of bacteriological analyses performed in the Laboratory of Bacterial Genetics (LBG), National Institute of Public Health show the current spread of extensively drug-resistant (XDR) strains of Acinetobacter baumannii, susceptible to colistin only, in and outside Czech hospitals. To assess the risk at the national level, LBG launches the country-wide monitoring of XDR strains of Acinetobacter baumannii and their population genetic characteristics.

• MeSH
• Acinetobacter baumannii * izolace a purifikace   patogenita   účinky léků   MeSH
• bakteriální léková rezistence MeSH
• infekce spojené se zdravotní péčí diagnóza   epidemiologie   mikrobiologie   MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH

Rozvoj plazmidově vázané rezistence ke kolistinu nesené geny mcr a polymyxinové rezistence u karbapenem rezistentních bakterií představuje hrozbu pro antibiotickou terapii bakteriálních infekcí. Celosvětové rozšíření rezistence ke kolistinu nesené geny mcr zejména u bakterií čeledi Enterobacteriaceae poukazuje na možnost rozšíření tohoto typu rezistence také u nefermentujících gramne- gativních bakterií, jako je Pseudomonas aeruginosa či Acinetobacter baumannii. Tato studie předkládá informaci o prvním popsaném výskytu genu mcr-4 u bakterií A. baumannii izolovaných z importovaných krůtích jater zakoupených v obchodní síti České republiky.

The emergence of plasmid-mediated colistin resistance carried by mcr genes and polymyxin resistance in carbapenem-resistant bacteria poses a threat to antibiotic therapy of bacterial infections. The worldwide spread of colistin resistance carried by mcr genes, particularly in Enterobacteriaceae, points to the possibility of the spread of this type of resistance also in non-fermenting Gram-nega- tive bacteria such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa or Acinetobacter baumannii. This study provides information on the first described occurrence of the mcr-4 gene in A. baumannii isolated from imported turkey liver obtained in the retail market of the Czech Republic.

• MeSH
• Acinetobacter baumannii * izolace a purifikace   účinky léků   MeSH
• bakteriální léková rezistence MeSH
• kolistin MeSH
• kontaminace potravin MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

In recent years, several efforts have been made to develop quick and low cost bacterial identification methods. Genotypic methods, despite their accuracy, are laborious and time consuming, leaving spectroscopic methods as a potential alternative. Mass and infrared spectroscopy are among the most reconnoitered techniques for this purpose, with Raman having been practically unexplored. Some species of the bacterial genus Acinetobacter are recognized as etiological agents of nosocomial infections associated with high rates of mortality and morbidity, which makes their accurate identification important. The goal of this study was to assess the ability of Raman spectroscopy to discriminate between 16 Acinetobacter species belonging to two phylogroups containing taxonomically closely related species, that is, the Acinetobacter baumannii-Acinetobacter calcoaceticus complex (six species) and haemolytic clade (10 species). Bacterial spectra were acquired without the need for any sample pre-treatment and were further analyzed with multivariate data analysis, namely partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLSDA). Species discrimination was achieved through a series of sequential PLSDA models, with the percentage of correct species assignments ranging from 72.1% to 98.7%. The obtained results suggest that Raman spectroscopy is a promising alternative for identification of Acinetobacter species.

• MeSH
• Acinetobacter baumannii chemie   klasifikace   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• Acinetobacter calcoaceticus chemie   klasifikace   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• bakteriologické techniky MeSH
• infekce spojené se zdravotní péčí diagnóza   mikrobiologie   MeSH
• klasifikace MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• Ramanova spektroskopie * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

• MeSH
• Acinetobacter baumannii izolace a purifikace   účinky léků   MeSH
• Burkholderia cepacia komplex izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• Enterococcus izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• krev mikrobiologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mikrobiální testy citlivosti MeSH
• moč mikrobiologie   MeSH
• Salmonella enterica cytologie   patogenita   MeSH
• sputum mikrobiologie   MeSH
• Staphylococcus aureus izolace a purifikace   účinky léků   MeSH
• testování odbornosti laboratoří * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH

Colistin is the last hope to treat extensively drug resistance (XDR) Acinetobacter baumannii (A. baumannii) infections, but resistance to colistin is currently reported in clinical centers all over the world. Here, we studied two colistin-resistant A. baumannii isolates with a difference in minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) that were isolated from a single burn patient during treatment in the hospitalization period. The international clonal (IC) lineage, multilocus sequence typing (MLST), and multiple loci variable number tandem repeat (VNTR) analysis (MLVA) typing were used to characterize the relatedness of A. baumannii isolates. Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and PmrAB system analysis by PCR sequencing, polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE), and real-time PCR were performed to determine the intactness and probable modifications of the LPS as the main resistance mechanisms to colistin. A combination of PCR, sequencing, and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) was used for A. baumannii resistance islands (AbaR) mapping as resistance-determinant reservoirs. Two isolates were identical at all MLST and VNTR marker loci that indicated the isolates were the same strain. In comparison to colistin-heteroresistant A. baumannii strain TEH267 (MIC = 1.5 mg/L), colistin-resistant A. baumannii strain TEH273 (MIC ≥256 mg/L) acquired two genomic regions including Tn6018-topA sequence and topA sequence-3' CS in its AbaR structure containing ispA and cadA genes which, it would appear, could be associated with eightfold increase in colistin MIC. Both isolates had new variants of AbaR-like structures which could be derivatives of the typical AbaR3. According to the results of this study, AbaRs could be associated with an increase in MIC to colistin.

• MeSH
• Acinetobacter baumannii klasifikace   účinky léků   genetika   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• antibakteriální látky farmakologie   MeSH
• bakteriální geny MeSH
• bakteriální proteiny genetika   MeSH
• elektroforéza v polyakrylamidovém gelu MeSH
• genotyp MeSH
• infekce bakteriemi rodu Acinetobacter mikrobiologie   MeSH
• kolistin farmakologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• lipopolysacharidy analýza   MeSH
• mikrobiální testy citlivosti MeSH
• minisatelitní repetice MeSH
• multilokusová sekvenční typizace MeSH
• polymerázová řetězová reakce MeSH
• popálení komplikace   MeSH
• transkripční faktory genetika   MeSH
• transpozibilní elementy DNA * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

BACKGROUND: Colistin-resistant/carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii is a significant challenge for antibiotic treatment and infection control policies. Since 2012, in Central Greece an increase of colistin/pan- resistant A. baumannii has occurred, indicating the need for further analysis. METHODS: A total of 86 colistin-resistant/carbapenem-resistant out of 1228 A. baumannii clinical isolates, consecutively collected between 2012 and 2014 in a tertiary Greek hospital of Central Greece, as well as one environmental isolate from surveillance cultures were studied. Molecular typing and mechanisms of resistance to colistin and to carbapenems were assessed, whereas, epidemiological and clinical data of the patients were reviewed. RESULTS: During the study period, the rate of colistin resistance gradually increased and reached 21.1 % in 2014. All colistin-resistant/carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii belonged to 3LST ST101 clone that corresponds to the international clonal lineage II. Carbapenem resistance was associated with the presence of bla oxa-23-like, while resistance to colistin probably correlated with G54E and R109H amino acid substitutions in PmrA and PmrC, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Epidemiological data of the patients indicated that the first detection of colistin-resistant/carbapenem-resistant ST101 clone in the University Hospital of Larissa (UHL) was associated with a patient who previously had received colistin, while, the movement of the infected patients into the hospital probably resulted to its spread.

• MeSH
• Acinetobacter baumannii účinky léků   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• antibakteriální látky farmakologie   MeSH
• infekce bakteriemi rodu Acinetobacter epidemiologie   mikrobiologie   MeSH
• karbapenemy farmakologie   MeSH
• kolistin farmakologie   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mikrobiální testy citlivosti MeSH
• mnohočetná bakteriální léková rezistence účinky léků   MeSH
• molekulární typizace MeSH
• nemocnice MeSH
• pulzní gelová elektroforéza MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Řecko MeSH

Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) has been recently introduced to many diagnostic microbiological laboratories. Besides the identification of bacteria and fungi, that technique provides a potentially useful tool for the detection of antimicrobial resistance, especially of that conferred by β-lactamases. Here, we describe an assay allowing a detection of meropenem hydrolysis in clinical isolates of Enterobacteriaceae, Pseudomonas spp., and Acinetobacter baumannii using MALDI-TOF MS. This method is able to confirm carbapenemases within 3 h. The results are important for proper and fast intervention to limit the spread of carbapenemase-producing bacteria and provide information for appropriate initial therapy of the infections caused by these microbes.

• MeSH
• Acinetobacter baumannii účinky léků   enzymologie   genetika   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• antibakteriální látky farmakologie   MeSH
• bakteriální proteiny genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• beta-laktamasy genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• beta-laktamová rezistence genetika   MeSH
• biotest * MeSH
• exprese genu MeSH
• hydrolýza MeSH
• infekce bakteriemi rodu Acinetobacter diagnóza   farmakoterapie   mikrobiologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• pseudomonádové infekce diagnóza   farmakoterapie   mikrobiologie   MeSH
• Pseudomonas účinky léků   enzymologie   genetika   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• spektrometrie hmotnostní - ionizace laserem za účasti matrice MeSH
• thienamyciny farmakologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

BACKGROUND: Severe Acinetobacter baumannii infections in immunocompetent patients are uncommon, and the virulence mechanisms of this organism are not fully understood. METHODS: Following an outbreak of fatal A. baumannii infections in a cohort of relatively immunocompetent patients (low comorbidity and illness severity scores), isolates were investigated with comparative genomics and in animal models. RESULTS: Two unrelated A. baumannii clades were associated with the outbreak. The clone associated with the majority of patient deaths, clade B, is evolutionarily distinct from the 3 international clonal complexes, belongs to multilocus sequence type (MLST) 10, and is most closely related to strains isolated from the Czech Republic, California, and Germany in 1994, 1997, and 2003, respectively. In 2 different murine models, clade B isolates were more virulent than comparator strains, including the highly virulent reference strain AB5075. The most virulent clade B derivative, MRSN 16897, was isolated from the patient with the lowest combined comorbidity/illness severity score. Clade B isolates possess a unique combination of putative virulence genes involved in iron metabolism, protein secretion, and glycosylation, which was leveraged to develop a rapid and specific clinical assay to detect this clade that cannot be distinguished by MLST. CONCLUSIONS: Clade B warrants continued surveillance and investigation.

• MeSH
• Acinetobacter baumannii klasifikace   genetika   izolace a purifikace   patogenita   MeSH
• centra terciární péče statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• epidemický výskyt choroby * MeSH
• fylogeneze MeSH
• genomika MeSH
• imunokompetence MeSH
• infekce bakteriemi rodu Acinetobacter epidemiologie   genetika   mikrobiologie   mortalita   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mnohočetná bakteriální léková rezistence * genetika   MeSH
• modely nemocí na zvířatech MeSH
• multilokusová sekvenční typizace MeSH
• myši MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• virulence genetika   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• myši MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH
• Kalifornie MeSH
• Německo MeSH
• Spojené státy americké MeSH

• MeSH
• Acinetobacter baumannii * fyziologie   izolace a purifikace   účinky léků   MeSH
• beta-laktamasy genetika   sekrece   MeSH
• beta-laktamová rezistence genetika   účinky léků   MeSH
• infekce spojené se zdravotní péčí * farmakoterapie   genetika   mikrobiologie   MeSH
• mnohočetná bakteriální léková rezistence * genetika   MeSH
• sulbaktam * farmakologie   terapeutické užití   MeSH