Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation (TAVI) has revolutionized severe aortic stenosis treatment, but risk stratification remains challenging. This systematic review examined the association between computed tomography (CT)-derived adipose tissue parameters and TAVI outcomes. We searched major databases for studies on visceral (VAT), subcutaneous (SAT), and intramuscular (IMAT) adipose tissue parameters and post-TAVI outcomes. Fourteen studies (9692 patients) were included. Higher SAT area/volume was consistently associated with better survival (5 studies, HR range: 0.83-2.77, p < 0.05). Lower SAT and VAT density also correlated with better survival (5 and 4 studies, respectively, HR range: 1.31-1.46, p < 0.05). VAT area showed mixed results. A VAT:SAT ratio < 1 was associated with better cardiovascular outcomes in one study. Lower IMAT index correlated with shorter hospital stays in a single study. This review reveals complex relationships between adipose tissue parameters and TAVI outcomes. Lower adipose tissue density and higher subcutaneous adiposity were most consistently associated with better outcomes. These findings suggest that detailed analysis of adipose tissue characteristics may enhance risk stratification in TAVI candidates.
- MeSH
- aortální stenóza * chirurgie mortalita diagnostické zobrazování MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- počítačová rentgenová tomografie * metody MeSH
- pooperační komplikace * etiologie mortalita MeSH
- transkatetrální implantace aortální chlopně * škodlivé účinky mortalita MeSH
- tuková tkáň * diagnostické zobrazování MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
- systematický přehled MeSH
INTRODUCTION: A comparison of body composition assessments using military circumferences to bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) and the reference standard dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) can gauge effectiveness of assessments. High-frequency (500 KHz) direct segmental multifrequency bioelectrical impedance analysis (DSM-BIA) accurately calculates total water mass and body fat% (BF%), but it is unknown whether higher frequencies (1,000 KHz) increase measurement accuracy. The purpose was to compare DSM-BIA 500, DSM-BIA 1000, the DoD Circumference Method (CM), and the reference-standard DEXA. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Design: Cross sectional, observational study. Participants/Setting: A total of 62 participants from the military healthcare system (n = 25 males, 38.8 ± 11.4 years, n = 37 females 43.7 ± 15.95 years) were measured in an outpatient clinic setting. Statistical Analysis: BF% was estimated via DEXA, DSM-BIA 500, DSM-BIA 1000, and CM to identify the relationship between methods using Pearson correlation, intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs), and Bland-Altman plots. The study was approved by the IRB from Walter Reed National Military Medical Center at Bethesda and Concordia University Chicago. RESULTS: Circumference Method BF% was moderately correlated with DSM-BIA 500 (males r = 0.63, ICC = 0.76; females r = 0.77, ICC = 0.85), DSM-BIA 1000 (males r = 0.59, ICC = 0.74; females r = 0.77, ICC = 0.85), and DEXA (males r = 0.62, ICC = 0.62; females r = 0.73, ICC = 0.82). DSM-BIA 500 BF% was strongly correlated with DSM-BIA 1000 (males r = 0.99, ICC = 0.99; females r = 0.99, ICC = 0.99) and DEXA (males r = 0.93, ICC = 0.94; females r = 0.89, ICC = 0.89). Lastly, DSM-BIA 1000 BF% was also strongly correlated with DEXA (males r = 0.93, ICC = 0.94; females r = 0.84, ICC = 0.90) (P for each reported r < 0.01). Bland-Altman analysis confirmed an overall mean bias of -1.72% CM vs. DEXA in females, indicating the tendency of CM to underestimate BF% compared to DEXA limits of agreement from -14.24 to 10.8. There was an upward slope of the linear relationship between the bias and mean of the measures (Beta = 0.34, P = 0.01). In the full cohort, there was an overall mean bias of 1.14% of CM vs. DSM BIA 1000, with CM tending to overestimate BF% compared to DSM BIA 1000 with limits of agreement -11.13 to 13.41%. There is an upward slope line of the linear relationship between the bias and the mean of the measures (Beta = 0.17, P = .03). CONCLUSION: This study found that CM BF% was moderately correlated with DSM-BIA 500 kHz, DSM-BIA 1,000 kHz BIA, and DEXA. Both DSM-BIA 500 and DSM-BIA 1,000 kHz strongly correlated well with DEXA implying that there was no further increase in correlation with increased frequency. Additionally, there was proportional bias in BF% in the female group between CM and DEXA and in the total group between CM and DSM BIA 1000.
- MeSH
- absorpční fotometrie * metody statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- elektrická impedance * MeSH
- index tělesné hmotnosti MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- průřezové studie MeSH
- složení těla * fyziologie MeSH
- tuková tkáň diagnostické zobrazování fyziologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- pozorovací studie MeSH
- srovnávací studie MeSH
AIM: To propose a standardized, high-resolution ultrasound (US) protocol to assess the patellar tendon-Hoffa fat pad interface (PTHFPI) in patients with (proximal) patellar tendinopathy (PPT). METHODS: Using a high-frequency transducer and a high-level machine, we matched the cadaveric and histological microarchitecture of the PTHFPI with multiple sonographic patterns of patients with PPT. Likewise, high-sensitive color/power Doppler assessments were also performed to evaluate the microcirculation of the soft tissues beneath the patellar tendon. RESULTS: Modern US equipment allows for detailed assessment of the potential pain generators located inside the PTHFPI in patients with PPT. They include anterosuperior portion of the Hoffa body and the loose connective tissue of the deep paratenon with its microvascular plexus. CONCLUSIONS: In patients with PPT, accurate sonographic assessment of the PTHFPI can be performed using adequate technological equipment. Accordingly, tailored ultrasound-guided interventions can also be planned if/when clinically indicated.
- MeSH
- kolenní kloub diagnostické zobrazování MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- ligamentum patellae * diagnostické zobrazování MeSH
- mrtvola MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- tendinopatie * diagnostické zobrazování patologie MeSH
- tuková tkáň * diagnostické zobrazování MeSH
- ultrasonografie metody MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: This review focuses on the recent findings regarding bone marrow adipose tissue (BMAT) concerning bone health. We summarize the variations in BMAT in relation to age, sex, and skeletal sites, and provide an update on noninvasive imaging techniques to quantify human BMAT. Next, we discuss the role of BMAT in patients with osteoporosis and interventions that affect BMAT. RECENT FINDINGS: There are wide individual variations with region-specific fluctuation and age- and gender-specific differences in BMAT content and composition. The Bone Marrow Adiposity Society (BMAS) recommendations aim to standardize imaging protocols to increase comparability across studies and sites. Water-fat imaging (WFI) seems an accurate and efficient alternative for spectroscopy (1H-MRS). Most studies indicate that greater BMAT is associated with lower bone mineral density (BMD) and a higher prevalence of vertebral fractures. The proton density fat fraction (PDFF) and changes in lipid composition have been associated with an increased risk of fractures independently of BMD. Therefore, PDFF and lipid composition could potentially be future imaging biomarkers for assessing fracture risk. Evidence of the inhibitory effect of osteoporosis treatments on BMAT is still limited to a few randomized controlled trials. Moreover, results from the FRAME biopsy sub-study highlight contradictory findings on the effect of the sclerostin antibody romosozumab on BMAT. Further understanding of the role(s) of BMAT will provide insight into the pathogenesis of osteoporosis and may lead to targeted preventive and therapeutic strategies.
- MeSH
- kostní denzita MeSH
- kostní dřeň * diagnostické zobrazování MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- lipidy MeSH
- magnetická rezonanční tomografie metody MeSH
- osteoporóza * diagnostické zobrazování patologie MeSH
- tuková tkáň diagnostické zobrazování patologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
PURPOSE: To develop a fat-water imaging method that allows reliable separation of the two tissues, uses established robust reconstruction methods, and requires only one single-echo acquisition. THEORY AND METHODS: The proposed method uses spectrally selective dual-band excitation in combination with CAIPIRINHA to generate separate images of fat and water simultaneously. Spatially selective excitation without cross-contamination is made possible by the use of spatial-spectral pulses. Fat and water images can either be visualized separately, or the fat images can be corrected for chemical shift displacement and, in gradient echo imaging, for chemical shift-related phase discrepancy, and recombined with water images, generating fat-water images free of chemical shift effects. Gradient echo and turbo spin echo sequences were developed based on this Simultaneous Multiple Resonance Frequency imaging (SMURF) approach and their performance was assessed at 3Tesla in imaging of the knee, breasts, and abdomen. RESULTS: The proposed method generated well-separated fat and water images with minimal unaliasing artefacts or cross-excitation, evidenced by the near absence of water signal attributed to the fat image and vice versa. The separation achieved was similar to or better than that using separate acquisitions with water- and fat-saturation or Dixon methods. The recombined fat-water images provided similar image contrast to conventional images, but the chemical shift effects were eliminated. CONCLUSION: Simultaneous Multiple Resonance Frequency imaging is a robust fat-water imaging technique that offers a solution to imaging of body regions with significant amounts of fat.
BACKGROUND: Epicardial fat reflects abdominal visceral adiposity and visceral fat plays an important role in the development of an unfavorable metabolic and atherosclerosis risk profile. Intracoronary thrombus burden is an important factor affecting the success of the procedure particularly in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Therefore, determining the factors predicting thrombus burden has great importance in predicting adverse cardiovascular events as well as determining the most appropriate treatment strategy to prevent failure in PCI. AIM: The aim of the current study was to evaluate the relationship between Epicardial adipose thickness (EAT) and thrombus burden in the patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) who undergo primary PCI (pPCI). METHODS: The study was prospective and included patients (n=156) who were referred to Kosuyolu Research and Education hospital with STEMI between 2016 and 2017. Thrombus burden was scored as follows: 0 (no thrombus), 1 (possible thrombus), 2 (definite thrombus <0.5xreference vessel diameter), 3 (definite thrombus 0.5-2xreference vessel diameter), 4 (definite thrombus >2xreference vessel diameter), and 5 (complete vessel occlusion). According to thrombus grade the patients were grouped as low thrombus burden (grades 0-3) and high thrombus burden (grades 4 and 5). EAT, identified as an echo-free space between the myocardium and visceral pericardium, was measured perpendicularly, on the free wall of the right ventricle at both parasternal long- and short-axis views at end-diastole in three cardiac cycles. RESULTS: Fifty-one subjects were in the low thrombus burden group and 105 in the high thrombus burden group. There were no differences in the two groups for LVEF, smoking status, family history of coronary artery disease (CAD), diabetes mellitus (DM), hypertension (HT), and hypercholesterolemia and for total cholesterol, triglyceride, GFR, LDL-C and HDL-C. In multivariate logistic regression analysis the EAT (odds ratio: 2.53, 95% CI: 1.76-3.67; p < .001) was found as an independent predictor of high thrombus burden. CONCLUSIONS: The present study showed that EAT was an independent predictor of coronary thrombus burden in STEMI.
- MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- echokardiografie MeSH
- infarkt myokardu s elevacemi ST úseků diagnostické zobrazování chirurgie MeSH
- koronární angiografie MeSH
- koronární angioplastika MeSH
- koronární trombóza diagnostické zobrazování chirurgie MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- perikard diagnostické zobrazování patologie MeSH
- prospektivní studie MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- stupeň závažnosti nemoci MeSH
- tuková tkáň diagnostické zobrazování patologie MeSH
- velikost orgánu MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
OBJECTIVES: Chemical Shift Encoded Magnetic Resonance Imaging (CSE-MRI)-based quantification of low-level (< 5% of proton density fat fraction-PDFF) fat infiltration requires highly accurate data reconstruction for the assessment of hepatic or pancreatic fat accumulation in diagnostics and biomedical research. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We compare three software tools available for water/fat image reconstruction and PDFF quantification with MRS as the reference method. Based on the algorithm exploited in the tested software, the accuracy of fat fraction quantification varies. We evaluate them in phantom and in vivo MRS and MRI measurements. RESULTS: The signal model of Intralipid 20% emulsion used for phantoms was established for 3 T and 9.4 T fields. In all cases, we noticed a high coefficient of determination (R-squared) between MRS and MRI-PDFF measurements: in phantoms <0.9924-0.9990>; and in vivo <0.8069-0.9552>. Bland-Altman analysis was applied to phantom and in vivo measurements. DISCUSSION: Multi-echo MRI in combination with an advanced algorithm including multi-peak spectrum modeling appears as a valuable and accurate method for low-level PDFF quantification over large FOV in high resolution, and is much faster than MRS methods. The graph-cut algorithm (GC) showed the fewest water/fat swaps in the PDFF maps, and hence stands out as the most robust method of those tested.
- MeSH
- algoritmy MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- emulze MeSH
- fantomy radiodiagnostické MeSH
- játra diagnostické zobrazování MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- magnetická rezonanční spektroskopie metody MeSH
- počítačové zpracování obrazu metody MeSH
- software MeSH
- tuková tkáň diagnostické zobrazování MeSH
- voda MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- srovnávací studie MeSH
Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) is rapidly becoming more accessible and popular as a technique to monitor body composition. The reliability of DXA has been examined extensively using a number of different methodological approaches. This study sets up to investigate the accuracy of measuring the parameters of body composition (BC) by means of the whole-body and the segmental DXA method analysis with the typical error of measurement (TEM) that allows for expressing the error in the units of measure. The research was implemented in a group of 63 participants, all of whom were university students. Thirty-eight males (22.6±2.9 years, average body mass 77.5±8.4 kg) and 25 females (21.4±2.0 years, average body mass 58.6±7.2 kg) were recruited. The measured parameters included body mass (BM), fat-free mass (FFM), body fat (BF), bone mineral content (BMC), bone mineral density (BMD). For the whole-body analysis, the determined TEM was: BM at the level of 0.12 kg in females and 0.29 kg in males; BF 0.25kg and 0.44% females, 0.52 kg and 0.66% males; FFM 0.24 kg females and 0.42 kg males; BMC 0.02 kg females and males; BMD 0.01g/cm2 females and males. The TEM values in the segmental analysis were: BF within the range of 0.04-0.28 kg and 0.68-1.20% in females, 0.10-0.36 kg and 0.72-1.94% in males; FFM 0.08-0.41 kg females and 0.17-0.86 males, BMC 0.00-0.02 kg females and 0.01-0.02 kg males in relation to the body segment (upper limb, trunk, lower limb). The BMD value was at the level of 0.01-0.02g/cm2. The study results showed high reliability in measuring body composition parameters using the DXA method. The whole-body analysis showed a higher accuracy of measurement than the segmental. Only the changes that are greater than the TEM, or the upper bound (95%) of the confidence interval of the measurement can be considered demonstrable when interpreting repeated measurements.
- MeSH
- absorpční fotometrie metody MeSH
- dolní končetina diagnostické zobrazování MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- horní končetina diagnostické zobrazování MeSH
- kostní denzita fyziologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- reprodukovatelnost výsledků MeSH
- složení těla fyziologie MeSH
- studenti statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- tělesná konstituce fyziologie MeSH
- tuková tkáň diagnostické zobrazování MeSH
- univerzity MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Prediction of the final transferred fat volume is essential for the success of fat grafting, but remains elusive. Between 20 and 80 % of the initial transplanted volume can be reabsorbed. Although graft survival has many determinants, CD34+ progenitor cells from the vascular stroma of adipose tissue play a central role by promoting growth of blood vessels and adipocytes. We aimed to verify the hypothesis that a higher proportion of total CD34+ cells in the transplant is associated with better preservation of the graft volume. Human lipoaspirates from 16 patients were processed by centrifugation and two grafts per donor were subcutaneously injected into 32 nude mice in 1 ml volumes in the right upper flank area. The volume of each graft was measured using a preclinical MRI scanner immediately after grafting and at three months. The percentage of CD34+ cells in the graft before implantation was determined by flow cytometry. The final graft volume at three months after implantation directly correlated with the percentage of CD34+ cells in the grafted material (r = 0.637, P = 0.019). The minimum retention of the fat graft was 28 % and the maximum retention was 81 %, with an average of 54 %. Our study found that fat retention after fat transfer directly correlated with the fraction of CD34+ cells in the graft. The simple and fast determination of the CD34+ cell percentage on site can help predicting outcomes of fat transplantation.
- MeSH
- antigeny CD34 metabolismus MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- magnetická rezonanční tomografie MeSH
- modely nemocí na zvířatech MeSH
- myši nahé MeSH
- počet buněk MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- tuková tkáň diagnostické zobrazování transplantace MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
