- MeSH
- Hypersensitivity * drug therapy immunology microbiology MeSH
- Dermatitis, Atopic drug therapy MeSH
- Asthma drug therapy MeSH
- Lactobacillaceae immunology MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Prebiotics MeSH
- Probiotics MeSH
- Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic MeSH
- Respiratory Hypersensitivity immunology MeSH
- Gastrointestinal Microbiome * immunology MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Publication type
- Review MeSH
- MeSH
- Hypersensitivity microbiology MeSH
- Clinical Laboratory Techniques methods MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Mycology * classification MeSH
- Mycotoxicosis diagnosis pathology therapy MeSH
- Mycoses * diagnosis microbiology therapy MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Publication type
- Review MeSH
Alergická onemocnění jsou celosvětovým zdravotním problémem. Prevalence alergií je stoupající a její první manifestace se posouvají do stále nižších věkových kategorií. Ideální prevencí rozvoje alergií je výlučné kojení po dobu prvních čtyřech měsíců života. V případě nemožnosti kojení lze zvážit podávání formulí s částečnou hydrolýzou bílkoviny kravského mléka. Jednoznačné důkazy pro jejich použití v prevenci alergií jsou limitované. Efekt samostatného přídavku prebiotik a probiotik do částečně hydrolyzovaných formulí na prevenci rozvoje a urychlení odeznění alergií byl široce prostudován a považuje se prakticky za prokázaný. Nyní se soustřeďuje bádání na efekt přídavku synbiotik do těchto formulí. Výsledky prvotních studií jsou velmi slibné a mohou ukazovat směr, kterým se bude ubírat prevence alergií u nekojených dětí v budoucnosti.
Allergic diseases are a global health problem. Their prevalence is on the rise and their first manifestations are dropping to lower age categories. The ideal prevention of allergy development is exclusive breastfeeding for the first 4 months of life. In cases when breastfeeding is not possible, baby milk formulas with partially hydrolysed cow´s milk protein may be beneficial. Clear evidence for their usage in allergy prevention is, however, limited. The effect of adding prebiotics and probiotics into these formulas was studied separately and is regarded as proven. Nowadays, the major research focus is on the effect of adding synbiotics into these formulas. The results from the first studies regarding this subject are very promising and they may point towards the future of allergy prevention in non-breastfed infants.
- MeSH
- Hypersensitivity * immunology microbiology prevention & control MeSH
- Dermatitis, Atopic prevention & control MeSH
- Infant Nutritional Physiological Phenomena immunology MeSH
- Maternal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena immunology MeSH
- Infant MeSH
- Breast Feeding MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Infant Formula microbiology MeSH
- Infant, Newborn MeSH
- Dietary Supplements * microbiology MeSH
- Prebiotics microbiology MeSH
- Probiotics pharmacology MeSH
- Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic MeSH
- Gastrointestinal Microbiome * MeSH
- Synbiotics MeSH
- Check Tag
- Infant MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Infant, Newborn MeSH
- Publication type
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
- Review MeSH
The interleukin 17 (IL-17) cytokine and receptor family is central to antimicrobial resistance and inflammation in the lung. Mice lacking IL-17A, IL-17F, or the IL-17RA subunit were compared with wild-type mice for susceptibility to airway inflammation in models of infection and allergy. Signaling through IL-17RA was required for efficient microbial clearance and prevention of allergy; in the absence of IL-17RA, signaling through IL-17RC on epithelial cells, predominantly by IL-17F, significantly exacerbated lower airway Aspergillus or Pseudomonas infection and allergic airway inflammation. In contrast, following infection with the upper respiratory pathogen Staphylococcus aureus, the IL-17F/IL-17RC axis mediated protection. Thus, IL-17A and IL-17F exert distinct biological effects during pulmonary infection; the IL-17F/IL-17RC signaling axis has the potential to significantly worsen pathogen-associated inflammation of the lower respiratory tract in particular, and should be investigated further as a therapeutic target for treating pathological inflammation in the lung.
- MeSH
- Hypersensitivity genetics immunology microbiology pathology MeSH
- Aspergillus immunology MeSH
- Aspergillosis genetics immunology microbiology pathology MeSH
- Epithelial Cells immunology microbiology pathology MeSH
- Interleukin-17 deficiency genetics immunology MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Disease Models, Animal MeSH
- Mice, Inbred C57BL MeSH
- Mice, Knockout MeSH
- Mice MeSH
- Disease Susceptibility MeSH
- Lung immunology microbiology pathology MeSH
- Protein Isoforms deficiency genetics immunology MeSH
- Pseudomonas Infections genetics immunology microbiology pathology MeSH
- Pseudomonas immunology MeSH
- Receptors, Interleukin-17 deficiency genetics immunology MeSH
- Gene Expression Regulation MeSH
- Respiratory Mucosa immunology microbiology pathology MeSH
- Signal Transduction MeSH
- Staphylococcal Infections genetics immunology microbiology pathology MeSH
- Staphylococcus aureus immunology MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Mice MeSH
- Female MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- MeSH
- Hypersensitivity etiology microbiology MeSH
- Biological Therapy MeSH
- Asthma etiology microbiology MeSH
- Respiratory System microbiology MeSH
- Immune System microbiology MeSH
- Immune Tolerance MeSH
- Gene-Environment Interaction MeSH
- Infant MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Microbiota MeSH
- Mice MeSH
- Intestines microbiology MeSH
- Environmental Exposure adverse effects MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Check Tag
- Infant MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Mice MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Publication type
- Review MeSH
Health affecting, loss-inducing or otherwise harmful fungal pathogens (molds) pose a serious challenge in many areas of human activities. On the contrary, frequent use of synthetic fungicides is undesirable in some cases and may be equally problematic. Moreover, the ever more increasing fungal resistance against commercial synthetic fungicides justifies development of rising efforts to seek new effective, while environmentally friendly alternatives. Botanical fungicides based on Essential oils (EOs) undoubtedly provide such an alternative. The study explores the efficacy of 20 EOs against Alternaria alternata, Stachybotrys chartarum, Cladosporium cladosporioides and Aspergillus niger, related to abundance of majority active substances. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC100 and MIC50) was evaluated. GC-MS analysis revealed high abundance of highly effective phenolic compounds whose different molecular structures correlates with differences in EOs efficacy. The efficacy of some EOs, observed in our study, can be similar to the levels of some synthetic fungicides used in medicine and agriculture e.g. sometimes problematic azole-based formulations. Thanks to the EOs environmental safety and natural origin, they offer the potential to become an alternative where the use of synthetic fungicides is impossible for various reasons.
- MeSH
- Hypersensitivity microbiology MeSH
- Antifungal Agents chemistry pharmacology MeSH
- Microbial Sensitivity Tests MeSH
- Air Microbiology * MeSH
- Mitosporic Fungi drug effects MeSH
- Oils, Volatile chemistry pharmacology MeSH
- Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
- Keywords
- biologická diverzita, mikrobiom, interakce genů,
- MeSH
- Hypersensitivity * immunology microbiology prevention & control MeSH
- Biodiversity MeSH
- Child MeSH
- Gene Expression MeSH
- Genotype MeSH
- Immune Tolerance immunology MeSH
- Gene-Environment Interaction MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Metagenome MeSH
- Life Style MeSH
- Check Tag
- Child MeSH
- Humans MeSH
The prevalence of chronic autoimmune and inflammatory diseases, such as inflammatory bowel disease, allergies, or rheumatic diseases, is steadily increasing in developed countries. This increase is probably accelerated by environmental factors, such as decrease in infectious burden or changes in food processing. These lifestyle changes then strongly influence the strongest stimulus for the immune system - commensal microbiota. Despite the differences in the affected organ, the immune-mediated diseases have one or more factors in common - microbe either as a trigger or as a protector, mucosal barrier dysfunction, and dysregulation of the immune system. The core questions, which microbes are involved and how these diseases can be cured or even prevented still remain unsolved. Powered by the recent progress in technology, by new insights into the function of immune system, by advances in microbiome research, and extended use of gnotobiological techniques, these mechanisms are now being unravelled and new therapeutic possibilities are emerging. To secure their niche, the microbes devised many ingenious ways, how to dampen the inflammation. Nonpathogenic microorganisms or microbial components isolated from probiotic, commensal or even pathogenic microbes could be, therefore, used to interfere with the pathogenetic mechanisms of immune-mediated diseases.
- MeSH
- Hypersensitivity microbiology physiopathology therapy MeSH
- Autoimmune Diseases microbiology physiopathology therapy MeSH
- Celiac Disease microbiology physiopathology therapy MeSH
- Gastrointestinal Tract microbiology physiopathology MeSH
- Inflammatory Bowel Diseases microbiology physiopathology therapy MeSH
- Host-Pathogen Interactions MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Metagenome * MeSH
- Periodontal Diseases microbiology physiopathology therapy MeSH
- Probiotics metabolism MeSH
- Intestinal Mucosa microbiology physiopathology MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
- Review MeSH
Dermatomykózy představují významný podíl kožních onemocnění v ambulanci dermatologa. Mykotické choroby kůže a kožních adnex mohou být vyvolány dermatofyty, kvasinkami nebo oportunními hyfomycetami a podle různých druhů jsou na světě rozšířeny nerovnoměrně. Ani časový výskyt není v průběhu let, desetiletí ani staletí stacionární. Prevalence mykotických onemocnění v minulém století rostla a roste i nadále. V rozvinutých zemích včetně České republiky je nejčastějším mykotickým onemocněním mykóza kůže a nehtů nohou, přičemž výskyt v naší zemi je významně vyšší. Klinické projevy dermatomykóz jsou velmi různorodé. Liší se podle původců a lokalizace postižení. Diagnózu lze stanovit podle klinického obrazu, rozhodující je mikroskopické a kultivační vyšetření. Mikroskopické vyšetření spočívá v provedení nativního louhového preparátu. Rozhodující pro určení druhu mykózy je výsledek kultivace, jež má oproti mikroskopickému vyšetření nižší záchytnost. Z dalších metod připadá v úvahu histopatologické vyšetření. Antimykotická léčba je reprezentována léčbou lokální a celkovou se širokým spektrem účinných látek i aplikačních forem. Nezbytnou podmínkou úspěšné léčby a zabránění recidivám je dodržování preventivních opatření.
Dermatomycoses represent a significant proportion of skin diseases in a dermatologist's office. Fungal diseases of the skin and skin adnexes may be caused by dermatophytes, yeasts and opportunistic hyphomycetes and according to various species they are unequally extended in the world. The timing of their occurrance over the years, decades or centuries is not stationary either. Prevalence of fungal diseases in the last century was growing, and continues to grow. In developed countries including the Czech Republic mycotic diseases of feet skin and nails are most common, while incidence in our country is significantly higher. Clinical manifestations of dermatomycoses are very diverse. They vary by causal agent and disease Diagnosis can be determined according to the clinical picture; microscopic and cultivation examinations are crucial. Microscopic examination consists of microscopic examination with potassium hydroxide. The result of cultivation, which has lower capture than microscopic examination, is crucial for determining the type of fungal infection. Histopathological examination may be considered as another possible diagnostic method. Antimycotic therapy is represented by local and systemic treatment with a wide range of active substances and application forms. Compliance with preventive measures is an essential condition for successful treatment and prevention of relapses.
