Morel's disease is a form of abscessing lymphadenitis of sheep and goats caused by Staphylococcus aureus subspecies anaerobius. In Europe and Africa, the disease is linked to S. aureus of multilocus sequence type 1464. In an outbreak recorded in 2015 in a flock of 530 animals in the district of Nymburk, Czech Republic, Europe, the causative agent was cultured and subsequently confirmed by Maldi-TOF. Neither antibiotic therapy nor surgical interventions met any success, although the strain isolated was found to be sensitive to antibiotics used. Vaccination and revaccination with inactivated autogenous vaccine administered subcutaneously was relatively successful. Subsequent multilocus sequence typing revealed the presence of new S. aureus sequence type 3756, different from 1464 in three out of seven genes typed. The isolate thus represents a new sequence type of Staphylococcus aureus ssp. anaerobius which should be considered as a causative agent of Morel's disease.
- MeSH
- Anti-Bacterial Agents therapeutic use MeSH
- Lymphadenitis drug therapy microbiology veterinary MeSH
- Microbial Sensitivity Tests MeSH
- Multilocus Sequence Typing MeSH
- Sheep Diseases drug therapy microbiology MeSH
- Sheep MeSH
- Staphylococcal Infections drug therapy microbiology veterinary MeSH
- Staphylococcal Vaccines immunology MeSH
- Staphylococcus aureus classification immunology isolation & purification MeSH
- Vaccination MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Check Tag
- Animals MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Geographicals
- Czech Republic MeSH
The interleukin 17 (IL-17) cytokine and receptor family is central to antimicrobial resistance and inflammation in the lung. Mice lacking IL-17A, IL-17F, or the IL-17RA subunit were compared with wild-type mice for susceptibility to airway inflammation in models of infection and allergy. Signaling through IL-17RA was required for efficient microbial clearance and prevention of allergy; in the absence of IL-17RA, signaling through IL-17RC on epithelial cells, predominantly by IL-17F, significantly exacerbated lower airway Aspergillus or Pseudomonas infection and allergic airway inflammation. In contrast, following infection with the upper respiratory pathogen Staphylococcus aureus, the IL-17F/IL-17RC axis mediated protection. Thus, IL-17A and IL-17F exert distinct biological effects during pulmonary infection; the IL-17F/IL-17RC signaling axis has the potential to significantly worsen pathogen-associated inflammation of the lower respiratory tract in particular, and should be investigated further as a therapeutic target for treating pathological inflammation in the lung.
- MeSH
- Hypersensitivity genetics immunology microbiology pathology MeSH
- Aspergillus immunology MeSH
- Aspergillosis genetics immunology microbiology pathology MeSH
- Epithelial Cells immunology microbiology pathology MeSH
- Interleukin-17 deficiency genetics immunology MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Disease Models, Animal MeSH
- Mice, Inbred C57BL MeSH
- Mice, Knockout MeSH
- Mice MeSH
- Disease Susceptibility MeSH
- Lung immunology microbiology pathology MeSH
- Protein Isoforms deficiency genetics immunology MeSH
- Pseudomonas Infections genetics immunology microbiology pathology MeSH
- Pseudomonas immunology MeSH
- Receptors, Interleukin-17 deficiency genetics immunology MeSH
- Gene Expression Regulation MeSH
- Respiratory Mucosa immunology microbiology pathology MeSH
- Signal Transduction MeSH
- Staphylococcal Infections genetics immunology microbiology pathology MeSH
- Staphylococcus aureus immunology MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Mice MeSH
- Female MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- MeSH
- Dermatitis, Atopic * immunology MeSH
- Child MeSH
- Animal Experimentation MeSH
- Genes, rRNA MeSH
- Herpes Genitalis immunology MeSH
- Immunomodulation MeSH
- Infant MeSH
- Skin immunology MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Microbial Viability MeSH
- Microbiota * MeSH
- Mice MeSH
- Prospective Studies MeSH
- Staphylococcus aureus immunology MeSH
- Environmental Exposure MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Check Tag
- Child MeSH
- Infant MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Mice MeSH
- Animals MeSH
Staphylococcal toxic shock syndrome (TSS) is a severe multisystemic disease caused by toxigenic strains of Staphylococcus aureus. The National Reference Laboratory (NRL) for Staphylococci has been involved in this issue since 1983.The article summarizes basic characteristics of 42 strains of S. aureus from suspected cases of TSS referred to the NRL in 2012 to 2015 and laboratory confirmed by toxigenicity testing. Half of these strains were identified as the cause of menstrual TSS, and the other half of them were responsible for complications of staphylococcal infections, most often pyoderma.
Stafylokokový syndrom toxického šoku (STŠ) je závažné multisystémové onemocnění, vyvolané toxigenními kmeny Staphylococcus aureus. V NRL pro stafylokoky CEM-SZÚ se této problematice věnujeme od roku 1983. V článku jsou uvedeny základní charakteristiky 42 kmenů S. aureus, které nám byly v průběhu let 2012–2015 zaslány v souvislosti se STŠ, u kterých jsme mohli potvrdit klinickou diagnózu průkazem toxigenity. Polovina (21) případů byla menstruální formy, zbývající byly komplikací různých stafylokokových infekcí, nejčastěji pyodermií.
- MeSH
- Bacterial Toxins immunology isolation & purification MeSH
- Feminine Hygiene Products * adverse effects MeSH
- Adult MeSH
- Enterotoxins immunology isolation & purification MeSH
- Infant MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Menstruation MeSH
- Adolescent MeSH
- Infant, Newborn MeSH
- Otorhinolaryngologic Surgical Procedures adverse effects MeSH
- Postoperative Complications MeSH
- Registries MeSH
- Aged MeSH
- Shock, Septic * epidemiology etiology mortality MeSH
- Staphylococcal Infections * diagnosis epidemiology mortality MeSH
- Staphylococcus aureus immunology isolation & purification pathogenicity MeSH
- Superantigens immunology isolation & purification MeSH
- Check Tag
- Adult MeSH
- Infant MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Adolescent MeSH
- Male MeSH
- Infant, Newborn MeSH
- Aged MeSH
- Female MeSH
- Publication type
- Case Reports MeSH
- Geographicals
- Czech Republic MeSH
The nasal and tonsillar mucosa are exposed to massive incursions of pathological microorganisms. One of the mechanisms known to prevent an invasion of pathogens is an endogenous synthesis of antimicrobial peptides, which include human beta-defensins-1, 2, 3 (HBD-1, 2, 3). The aim of this study was to demonstrate the occurrence of HBD-1, 2 and 3 in the human nasal mucosa and palatine tonsils in healthy tissues and during chronic inflammation (nasal polyposis with and without the colonization of Staphylococcus aureus and chronic tonsillitis) and to evaluate their incidence under varying conditions. Another target was to compare the occurrence of human beta-defensins in these two different entities; that is, in the nasal mucosa and in the palatine tonsil. It was assumed that the incidence of HBD-1, 2, 3 was lower in tonsils than in nasal mucosa; however, inflamed samples of tonsils and nasal mucosa showed no difference in the production of HBD-1, 2, 3. The presence of all three subfamilies of HBD was significantly lower in nasal polyps with Staphylococcus aureus positive than in the negative control.
- Keywords
- beta-defensins, nasal mucosa, palatine tonsil, chronic inflammation,
- MeSH
- beta-Defensins immunology isolation & purification MeSH
- Financing, Organized MeSH
- Immunohistochemistry methods utilization MeSH
- Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides immunology isolation & purification MeSH
- Palatine Tonsil physiology microbiology pathology MeSH
- Culture Techniques methods utilization MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Nasal Polyps immunology microbiology MeSH
- Nasal Mucosa physiology microbiology pathology MeSH
- Staphylococcus aureus immunology isolation & purification MeSH
- Case-Control Studies MeSH
- Tonsillitis diagnosis immunology microbiology MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
Nedávno objevené Th17 lymfocyty se diferencují z naivních T-lymfocytů pod vlivem IL-1, IL-6 a IL-23, které produkují aktivované antigen prezentující buňky. Výzkum Th17 lymfocytů se brzo po jejich objevu zaměřil na objasně ní jejich významu pro protektivní imunitu a na jejich roli v rozvoji imunopatologických stavů . Brzy bylo v ně kolika studiích popsáno zvýšené množství Th17 lymfocytůu různých autoimunitních onemocnění a bylo prokázáno, že Th17 lymfocyty jsou vysoce prozánětlivé a účinně podporují vznik zánětů v tkáních. Po identifikaci významu Th17 lymfocytů pro rozvoj autoimunitních onemocnění se výzkum zaměřil na studium role Th17 imunitní odpově di v protektivní imunitě . Cílem je identifikace patogenů , pro jejichž eliminaci je správná funkce Th17 imunitní odpovědi nezbytná. V tomto review shrnujeme současné informace o Th17 lymfocytech a o fyziologickém významu Th17 buněčné odpovědi na základě studií u pacientů s primárními imunodeficity, u kterých je Th17 imunitní odpověď narušena CARD9 deficitem, hyper IgE syndromem a chronickou granulomatózní nemocí. Porušený vývoj a funkce Th17 větve imunitní odpově di se u lidí projevuje chronickými infekcemi Candida albicans a Staphylococcus aureus.
Recently discovered Th17 lymphocytes differentiate from naive T cells in the presence of IL-1, IL-6 and IL-23 produced by activ ated antigen presenting cells. Soon after their initial discovery, Th17 cells have been implicated in the pathogenesis of autoimmune disease s. Activation of the Th17 axis (overproduction of IL-23, amplification of Th17 cells and excessive production of Th17 effector cytokines) has be en implicated in patients with autoimmune diseases and it has been shown that Th17 cells are highly proinflammatory and that they promote tissue inflammation. Efforts then have been made to characterize the role of Th17 cells in protective immunity in humans. With regard to the role of Th17 cells in protective immunity, the intriguing question has been which pathogens require the appropriate function of Th17 cells for elimin ation. In this review, we summarize current knowledge about the function of Th17 lymphocytes in the context of three primary immunodeficiencie s with disturbed development of Th17 immune response, CARD9 deficiency, hyper IgE syndrome and chronic granulomatous disease. Disturba nces in the development or function of Th17 immune response result in chronic infections with Candida albicans and Staphylococcus aureus .
- Keywords
- hyper IgE, chronická mukokutánní kandidóza,
- MeSH
- Autoimmune Diseases immunology microbiology MeSH
- Immunity, Cellular genetics immunology MeSH
- Candida albicans immunology MeSH
- Granulomatous Disease, Chronic immunology microbiology MeSH
- Financing, Organized MeSH
- Interleukin-17 metabolism MeSH
- Candidiasis, Chronic Mucocutaneous immunology microbiology MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Staphylococcus aureus immunology MeSH
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets immunology MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Keywords
- Protopic,
- MeSH
- Dermatitis, Atopic etiology drug therapy therapy MeSH
- Child MeSH
- Adult MeSH
- Immunologic Factors administration & dosage pharmacology therapeutic use MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Drug Administration Schedule MeSH
- Staphylococcus aureus immunology pathogenicity drug effects MeSH
- Tacrolimus pharmacology therapeutic use MeSH
- Check Tag
- Child MeSH
- Adult MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- MeSH
- Anti-Bacterial Agents administration & dosage pharmacology therapeutic use MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Infant, Newborn immunology MeSH
- Nursing Care methods utilization MeSH
- Neonatal Nursing methods MeSH
- Pemphigus diagnosis drug therapy therapy MeSH
- Primary Prevention methods standards MeSH
- Staphylococcus aureus immunology pathogenicity MeSH
- Treatment Outcome MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Infant, Newborn immunology MeSH
- Female MeSH
- Publication type
- Case Reports MeSH
- MeSH
- Anti-Bacterial Agents administration & dosage therapeutic use MeSH
- Skin Diseases, Infectious etiology complications therapy MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Microbiological Techniques methods utilization MeSH
- Pseudomonas aeruginosa immunology pathogenicity drug effects MeSH
- Shock, Septic diagnosis etiology MeSH
- Staphylococcal Infections diagnosis complications therapy MeSH
- Staphylococcus aureus immunology pathogenicity drug effects MeSH
- Streptococcus pneumoniae immunology pathogenicity drug effects MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
V posledních letech bylo v ČR hlášeno několik desítek onemocnění a ve více než polovině případů byly postiženy děti. Původcem onemocnění je mikrob Staphylococus aureus tvořící exotoxin označený jako toxin syndromu toxického šoku typ 1 (TSST-1) nebo některý ze stafylokokových enterotoxinů. Zdrojem se uvádí ložisko infekce jako folikulitida, furunkl, poranění kůže, operační rána, ale v poslední době i pomnožení zlatého stafylokoka tvořícího toxin v pochvě při používání tamponů v době menstruace.
- MeSH
- Diagnosis, Differential MeSH
- Enterotoxins MeSH
- Exotoxins MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Menstrual Cycle immunology MeSH
- Adolescent MeSH
- Shock MeSH
- Staphylococcus aureus immunology pathogenicity MeSH
- Menstrual Hygiene Products adverse effects MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Adolescent MeSH
- Female MeSH
- Publication type
- Case Reports MeSH
