Fibrillarin is a highly conserved nucleolar methyltransferase responsible for ribosomal RNA methylation across evolution from Archaea to humans. It has been reported that fibrillarin is involved in the methylation of histone H2A in nucleoli and other processes, including viral progression, cellular stress, nuclear shape, and cell cycle progression. We show that fibrillarin has an additional activity as a ribonuclease. The activity is affected by phosphoinositides and phosphatidic acid and insensitive to ribonuclease inhibitors. Furthermore, the presence of phosphatidic acid releases the fibrillarin-U3 snoRNA complex. We show that the ribonuclease activity localizes to the GAR (glycine/arginine-rich) domain conserved in a small group of RNA interacting proteins. The introduction of the GAR domain occurred in evolution in the transition from archaea to eukaryotic cells. The interaction of this domain with phospholipids may allow a phase separation of this protein in nucleoli.
- MeSH
- chromozomální proteiny, nehistonové chemie genetika metabolismus MeSH
- fosfolipidy metabolismus MeSH
- HeLa buňky MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- malá jadérková RNA metabolismus MeSH
- mutace genetika MeSH
- proteinové domény MeSH
- rekombinantní proteiny metabolismus MeSH
- ribonukleasy chemie genetika metabolismus MeSH
- ribonukleoproteiny metabolismus MeSH
- vztahy mezi strukturou a aktivitou MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Histologically verified pairs (n=10) of pancreatic tumors and non-neoplastic tissues were used for quantitative real-time PCR and the stability of 24 reference genes was analyzed with geNorm and NormFinder software. Raw C{q} values correlated with the degree of RNA degradation. This correlation was abolished by normalization to C{q} of 18S endogenous control gene. Both geNorm and NormFinder programs suggested EIF2B1, ELF1, MRPL19, and POP4 as the same most stable genes. We have thus identified suitable reference genes for future expression studies in pancreatic carcinoma. Normalization method reducing the effects of RNA degradation on the quality of results was also developed.
- MeSH
- eukaryotický iniciační faktor 2B genetika MeSH
- exprese genu MeSH
- jaderné proteiny genetika MeSH
- karcinom diagnóza genetika patologie MeSH
- kvantitativní polymerázová řetězová reakce MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mitochondriální proteiny genetika MeSH
- nádorové biomarkery genetika MeSH
- nádory slinivky břišní diagnóza genetika patologie MeSH
- pankreas metabolismus patologie MeSH
- ribonukleasy genetika MeSH
- ribonukleoproteiny genetika MeSH
- ribozomální proteiny genetika MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- software MeSH
- stabilita RNA MeSH
- stanovení celkové genové exprese MeSH
- transkripční faktory genetika MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- MeSH
- DNA-helikasy analýza diagnostické užití genetika MeSH
- exprese genu genetika MeSH
- geny BRCA1 MeSH
- geny erbB-1 genetika MeSH
- geny erbB-2 genetika MeSH
- geny p53 genetika MeSH
- geny pX genetika MeSH
- inhibitor p16 cyklin-dependentní kinasy analýza diagnostické užití genetika MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mikrotubulární proteiny analýza diagnostické užití genetika MeSH
- mutace genetika MeSH
- nádorové biomarkery analýza genetika MeSH
- nádory dýchací soustavy diagnóza farmakoterapie genetika MeSH
- nádory plic diagnóza farmakoterapie genetika MeSH
- prognóza MeSH
- protoonkogenní proteiny c-met analýza diagnostické užití genetika MeSH
- ribonukleasy analýza diagnostické užití genetika MeSH
- thymidylátsynthasa analýza diagnostické užití genetika MeSH
- tubulin analýza diagnostické užití genetika MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
Toxin-antitoxin systems (TAS) emerged more than 25 years ago and developed as an important field in molecular microbiology. TAS are autoregulated operons coding a stable toxin and an unstable antitoxin found in plasmids and chromosomes of Bacteria and Archaea. The conditional activation of their toxins interferes with cell growth/viability and, depending on the context, can influence plasmid maintenance, stress management, bacterial persistence, cell differentiation and, likely, bacterial virulence. This review summarizes recent results on the parD system of plasmid R1 and on the chromosomal relBE systems found in Escherichia coli and in Streptococcus pneumoniae with a focus on the RNase activity of their toxins, their regulation and their biomedical applications and implications.
- MeSH
- antitoxiny genetika imunologie metabolismus MeSH
- bakteriální toxiny genetika imunologie metabolismus MeSH
- biotechnologie metody trendy MeSH
- buňky - růstové procesy genetika imunologie MeSH
- financování organizované MeSH
- inhibitory syntézy proteinů imunologie metabolismus MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mikrobiologie trendy MeSH
- molekulární biologie metody trendy MeSH
- plazmidy genetika MeSH
- ribonukleasy genetika imunologie toxicita MeSH
- ribozomy genetika imunologie MeSH
- RNA genetika imunologie toxicita MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- přehledy MeSH
A significant aspermatogenic activity, ascertained by microscopic studies of seminiferous tubules and interstitial tissue, and by the observation of the entrance of immunity and fibrocytic cells in mice injected with polyspermine (PS) or polyspermine conjugated to monomeric or dimeric RNase A (PS-RNase A or PS-dimeric RNase A, respectively), was found either in mice injected or in non-injected testes. Polyspermine and its complexes with RNase A destroyed all spermatogenic and intertestitial tissue, including Leydic cells, as well as their ability to secrete testosterone. The total loss of spermatogenic activity in injected testes is irreversible because spermatogonia cells also were destroyed. The injection of PS into both mice testes determined the total degeneration of testicle tissue in 50% of injected testes. The second half of testes was also partly degenerated, and if they were re-injected, almost all testes were fully destroyed. PS-dimeric RNase A injected once into both testicles produced a stronger degeneration and also the interruption of testosterone secretion in comparison with the effects due to injection of mice with PS or PS-RNase A. In all mice treated with these substances, as well as in rats in which PS was injected twice into their testes, we detected polymorfonucleates, monocytes, plasma cells, lymphocytes.and fibrocytic cells. Antibodies against PS, PS-RNase A or PS-dimeric RNase A did not influence the aspermatogenic activity. Animals in which a repeated intra-peritoneal injection was carried out did not lose body mass and remained in good condition, with the exception of mice injected with spermine.
- MeSH
- antispermatogenní látky farmakologie MeSH
- buňky imunologie patologie účinky léků MeSH
- financování organizované využití MeSH
- interpretace statistických dat MeSH
- myši inbrední ICR MeSH
- potkani Wistar MeSH
- ribonukleasy genetika imunologie účinky léků MeSH
- spermatogeneze genetika imunologie účinky léků MeSH
- spermin farmakologie škodlivé účinky MeSH
- testis imunologie patologie účinky léků MeSH
