• MeSH
• antibakteriální látky farmakologie   MeSH
• mastitida mikrobiologie   veterinární   MeSH
• mikrobiální testy citlivosti MeSH
• multilokusová sekvenční typizace MeSH
• nemoci ovcí mikrobiologie   MeSH
• nukleotidyltransferasy genetika   MeSH
• ovce MeSH
• polymerázová řetězová reakce MeSH
• pořadí genů MeSH
• přenos genů horizontální * MeSH
• sekvenční analýza DNA MeSH
• stafylokokové infekce mikrobiologie   veterinární   MeSH
• Staphylococcus epidermidis účinky léků   enzymologie   genetika   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• transpozibilní elementy DNA * MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• dopisy MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Řecko MeSH

Staphylococcus epidermidis is a commensal inhabitant of the healthy human skin, but in the recent years, it has been recognized as a nosocomial pathogen especially in immunocompromised patients. The pathogenesis of S. epidermidis is thought to be based on its capacity to form biofilms on the surface of medical devices, where bacterial cells may persist, protected from host defence and antimicrobial agents. Rifampin has been shown to be one of the most active antimicrobial agents in the eradication of the staphylococcal biofilm. However, this antibiotic should not be used in monotherapy. Therefore, one of the objectives of our research was to study the efficacy of the tigecycline/rifampin combination against methicillin-resistant S. epidermidis embedded in biofilms. Of the 80 clinically significant S. epidermidis isolates, 75 strains possess the ability to form a biofilm. These bacteria formed the biofilm via ica-dependent mechanisms. However, other biofilm-associated genes, including aap (encoding accumulation-associated protein) and bhp (coding cell wall-associated protein), were present in 85 and 29 % of isolates, respectively. The biofilm structures of S. epidermidis strains were also analyzed in confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and the obtained image demonstrated differences in their architecture. In vitro studies showed that the MIC value for tigecycline against S. epidermidis growing in the biofilm ranged from 0.125 to 2 μg/mL. Tigecycline in combination with rifampin demonstrated higher activity against bacteria embedded in biofilms than tigecycline alone.

• MeSH
• antiinfekční látky farmakologie   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• biofilmy účinky léků   růst a vývoj   MeSH
• DNA bakterií chemie   genetika   MeSH
• kombinovaná farmakoterapie normy   MeSH
• konfokální mikroskopie MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mikrobiální testy citlivosti MeSH
• minocyklin analogy a deriváty   farmakologie   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• polymerázová řetězová reakce MeSH
• rifampin farmakologie   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• stafylokokové infekce farmakoterapie   mikrobiologie   MeSH
• Staphylococcus epidermidis genetika   růst a vývoj   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Antibiotics cure infections by influencing bacterial growth or viability. Antibiotics can be divided to two groups on the basis of their effect on microbial cells through two main mechanisms, which are either bactericidal or bacteriostatic. Bactericidal antibiotics kill the bacteria and bacteriostatic antibiotics suppress the growth of bacteria (keep them in the stationary phase of growth). One of many factors to predict a favorable clinical outcome of the potential action of antimicrobial chemicals may be provided using in vitro bactericidal/bacteriostatic data (e.g., minimum inhibitory concentrations-MICs). Consequently, MICs are used in clinical situations mainly to confirm resistance, and to determine the in vitro activities of new antimicrobials. We report on the combination of data obtained from MICs with information on microorganisms' "fingerprint" (e.g., DNA/RNA, and proteins) provided by Raman spectroscopy. Thus, we could follow mechanisms of the bacteriostatic versus bactericidal action simply by detecting the Raman bands corresponding to DNA. The Raman spectra of Staphylococcus epidermidis treated with clindamycin (a bacteriostatic agent) indeed show little effect on DNA which is in contrast with the action of ciprofloxacin (a bactericidal agent), where the Raman spectra show a decrease in strength of the signal assigned to DNA, suggesting DNA fragmentation.

• MeSH
• antibakteriální látky farmakologie   MeSH
• ciprofloxacin farmakologie   MeSH
• DNA bakterií účinky léků   MeSH
• klindamycin farmakologie   MeSH
• mikrobiální testy citlivosti MeSH
• Ramanova spektroskopie metody   MeSH
• Staphylococcus epidermidis účinky léků   genetika   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of antibiotic resistance genes as well as staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) typing and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) of SmaI macrorestriction fragments of genomic DNA were used to characterize 45 methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci (MRCoNS) isolates responsible of bacteremia recovered in patients at the Bone Marrow Transplant Centre of Tunisia in 1998-2007. Among the 45 MRCoNS isolates, Staphylococcus epidermidis was the most prevalent species (75.6%) followed by Staphylococcus haemolyticus (22.2%) and Staphylococcus hominis (2.2%). Extended susceptibility profiles were generated for MRCoNS against 16 antimicrobial agents. Out of 45 mecA-positive strains, 43 (95.6%) were phenotypically methicillin-resistant and two (4.4%) were methicillin-susceptible. The msr(A) was the most prevalent gene (13 isolates; 48.1%) among erythromycin-resistant isolates. The erm(C) was found alone in seven (25.9%) or in combination with both erm(A) and erm(B) in two (7.4%) isolates. The aac(6')-Ie-aph(2″)-Ia was the most prevalent gene among aminoglycoside-resistant isolates, detected alone in 14 isolates (33.3%) isolates, in combination with ant(4')-Ia in 18 (42.8%) isolates, in combination with aph(3')-IIIa in four (9.5%) or with both ant(4')-Ia and aph(3')-IIIa in two (4.7%) isolates. The ant(4')-Ia was detected in three (7.1%) isolates and the aph(3')-IIIa in one (2.4%) isolate. Among tetracycline-resistant isolates, six (85.7%) strains harbored the tet(K) gene and one (14.3%) strain carried tet(K) and tet(M) genes. SCCmec types IV (31%) and III (24.5%), the most prevalent types detected, were found to be more resistant to non-β-lactam antibiotics. A wide diversity of isolates was observed by PFGE among MRCoNS.

• MeSH
• antibakteriální látky farmakologie   MeSH
• bakteriální geny MeSH
• bakteriální léková rezistence MeSH
• bakteriemie mikrobiologie   MeSH
• DNA bakterií genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• hematologické nádory komplikace   MeSH
• koagulasa sekrece   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mikrobiální testy citlivosti MeSH
• molekulární typizace MeSH
• polymerázová řetězová reakce metody   MeSH
• pulzní gelová elektroforéza MeSH
• restrikční endonukleasy typu II metabolismus   MeSH
• rezistence na methicilin MeSH
• stafylokokové infekce mikrobiologie   MeSH
• Staphylococcus epidermidis klasifikace   účinky léků   genetika   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• Staphylococcus haemolyticus klasifikace   účinky léků   genetika   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• Staphylococcus hominis klasifikace   účinky léků   genetika   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• techniky typizace bakterií MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Tunisko MeSH

Geographically related Staphylococcus epidermidis isolates from human patients (n=30), dairy farms (farmers and individual raw milk from cattle, n=36) and a dairy plant (n=55) were examined for epidemiological relatedness by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and, using in vitro methods, for the ability to produce biofilm and antimicrobial resistance. Methicillin-resistant isolates (MRSE) were also identified and characterized. Isolates from farmers and dairy cattle were found to be genetically related, while isolates from human patients were highly diverse. Some dairy plant isolates (18.2%) were closely related to those from dairy farms. Biofilm production and resistance to antimicrobial agents were most typical for isolates from human patients, of which 76.7% were MRSE. Methicillin resistance was also widespread in farm-related isolates (61.1%). This study indicates the possible transmission of S. epidermidis between cattle and farmers. Dairy products were not proven to be an important source of either human infections or methicillin-resistant strains.

• MeSH
• biofilmy růst a vývoj   MeSH
• DNA bakterií genetika   MeSH
• DNA fingerprinting MeSH
• fenotyp MeSH
• genotyp MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mikrobiální testy citlivosti MeSH
• mikrobiologie životního prostředí MeSH
• mléko mikrobiologie   MeSH
• molekulární epidemiologie MeSH
• pulzní gelová elektroforéza MeSH
• shluková analýza MeSH
• skot MeSH
• Staphylococcus epidermidis klasifikace   genetika   izolace a purifikace   fyziologie   MeSH
• techniky typizace bakterií MeSH
• zemědělství MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• skot MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

Isolates from the "farm to fork" samples (182 isolates from 2779 samples) were examined genotypically (icaAB genes) and phenotypically (in vitro biofilm formation, typical growth on Congo red agar; CRA) with the aim to assess the risk of penetration of virulent strains of Staphylococcus epidermidis into the food chain. The contamination of meat and milk products was significantly higher in comparison with raw materials. Contamination of contact surfaces in the meat-processing plants was significantly lower than that of contact surfaces in the dairy plants. The ica genes (which precondition the biofilm formation) were concurrently detected in 20 isolates that also showed a typical growth on CRA. Two ica operon-negative isolates produced biofilm in vitro but perhaps by an ica-independent mechanism. The surfaces in the dairy plants and the milk products were more frequently contaminated with ica operon-positive strains (2.3 and 1.2 % samples) than the other sample types (0-0.6 % samples).

• MeSH
• biofilmy MeSH
• kontaminace potravin MeSH
• kontaminace zdravotnického vybavení MeSH
• manipulace s potravinami přístrojové vybavení   MeSH
• masné výrobky mikrobiologie   MeSH
• maso mikrobiologie   MeSH
• mléčné výrobky mikrobiologie   MeSH
• mléko mikrobiologie   MeSH
• operon MeSH
• potravinářská mikrobiologie MeSH
• pulzní gelová elektroforéza MeSH
• skot MeSH
• Staphylococcus epidermidis fyziologie   genetika   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• virulence MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• skot MeSH
• zvířata MeSH

Staphylococci are ubiquitous microorganisms that predominate in normal skin and mucosal flora. Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis have been identified as a major cause of nosocomial infections, especially in patients with predisposing factors such as indwelling or implanted foreign bodies. The ability of both S. epidermidis and S. aureus to produce biofilm was compared between 116 clinically significant strains (46 from blood cultures of patients with bloodstream infection and 70 isolated from catheters) and 60 strains isolated from nasal swabs of healthy carriers from hospital staff. The presence of the intercellular adhesion genes (icaA and icaD) was determined by the Polymerase Chain Reaction method, and slime production was examined using qualitative Congo red agar technique. Among clinical strains, 35.2% (19/54) of S. aureus and 48.4% (30/62) of S.epidermidis were both positive icaA and icaD and they produced slime. Among carrier strains, 22.2% (8/36) of S. aureus and 33.3% (8/24) of S. epidermidis were positive for slime synthesis and exhibited ica genes. Our results suggest that the virulence factors contributing to the development of infections can be present in patient and hospital staff isolates. Thus, we consider it is important to detect healthy carriers of slime-producing staphylococci and to control the dissemination of these microorganisms especially in a hospital.

• MeSH
• biofilmy MeSH
• infekce spojené se zdravotní péčí genetika   mikrobiologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• molekuly buněčné adheze genetika   klasifikace   MeSH
• personál nemocniční MeSH
• Staphylococcus aureus genetika   patogenita   MeSH
• Staphylococcus epidermidis genetika   patogenita   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH

The biofilm formation is an important factor of S. epidermidis virulence. Biofilm-positive strains might be clinically more important than biofilm-negative ones. Unlike biofilm-negative staphylococci, biofilm-positive staphylococci are surrounded with an extracellular polysaccharide substance. The presence of this substance on the surface can affect physico-chemical properties of the bacterial cell, including surface charge. 73 S. epidermidis strains were examined for the presence of ica operon, for the ability to form biofilm by Christensen test tube method and for the production of slime by Congo red agar method. Isoelectric points (pI) of these strains were determined by means of Capillary Isoelectric Focusing. The biofilm negative strains focused near pI value 2.3, while the pI values of the biofilm positive strains were near 2.6. Isoelectric point is a useful criterion for the differentiation between biofilm-positive and biofilm-negative S. epidermidis strains.

• MeSH
• amidohydrolasy MeSH
• bakteriální polysacharidy metabolismus   MeSH
• bakteriální proteiny genetika   MeSH
• biofilmy růst a vývoj   MeSH
• elektroforéza kapilární metody   přístrojové vybavení   MeSH
• financování organizované MeSH
• isoelektrická fokusace metody   přístrojové vybavení   MeSH
• izoelektrický bod MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• operon MeSH
• Staphylococcus epidermidis genetika   izolace a purifikace   růst a vývoj   MeSH
• ultrazvuk MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• hodnotící studie MeSH

The Staphylococcus strains acquired from scrapings from hospital environments were identified to the species level based on their biochemical properties. From the monitored sample the Staphylococcus epidermidis strains were selected for more accurate typing and tested on their virulence factor and ribotyped. The biotyping of S. epidermidis did not show any considerable intraspecific variation of these isolates and there were no atypical reactions, with the exception of three strains (out of 33). In contrast, the results of ribotyping showed greater heterogeneity of strains and unequivocally demonstrated the relation between the ribotype and the place of sample drawing. In addition to this fact, the found ribotypes repeat in the same environment in the long-term which suggests the occurrence and persistence of the same strains of conditionally pathogenic bacteria in hospital environment. We showed that ribotyping is a suitable method for precise and reliable detection of some coagulase-negative staphylococci.

• MeSH
• fenotyp MeSH
• finanční podpora výzkumu jako téma MeSH
• infekce spojené se zdravotní péčí etiologie   genetika   mikrobiologie   MeSH
• koagulasa antagonisté a inhibitory   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• ribotypizace metody   využití   MeSH
• Staphylococcus epidermidis cytologie   genetika   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• Staphylococcus haemolyticus genetika   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• Staphylococcus hominis cytologie   genetika   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• techniky typizace bakterií metody   využití   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH