Lactobionic acid (LBA) is a newly identified natural polyhydroxy acid that is widely used in the food industry. In this study, the antibacterial effects and underlying mechanism of action of LBA against Staphylococcus aureus were investigated. LBA exhibited significant antibacterial activity against S. aureus with a determination of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of 15 mg/mL and 50 mg/mL, respectively. The Growth curves indicated that LBA directly inhibited the growth of S. aureus. Moreover, LBA induced the leakage of alkaline phosphatase and nucleotides in the culture medium, indicating damage to the integrity of the S. aureus cell wall membrane, which was confirmed by transmission electron microscopy observations. The relative electric conductivity measurements indicated that LBA changed the cell membrane permeability. The preservation effect of LBA was evaluated by quantifying the total number of colonies, total volatile base nitrogen (TVB-N), and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS). Overall, these results revealed that LBA exerts its antibacterial activity by breaking down the structure of the bacterial cell wall and membrane, thereby releasing the cellular contents as well as inhibiting protein synthesis, which ultimately lead to cell death. The total number of colonies, the TVB-N value, and the TBARS of cold fresh meat treated with preservatives were significantly lower than those of the control group (P < 0.05). With these antibacterial characteristics, LBA has potential to be used as a safe food additive in the food industry.
- MeSH
- antibakteriální látky farmakologie MeSH
- buněčná membrána účinky léků metabolismus MeSH
- buněčná stěna účinky léků metabolismus MeSH
- disacharidy farmakologie MeSH
- dusík analýza MeSH
- konzervace potravin MeSH
- látky reagující s kyselinou thiobarbiturovou analýza MeSH
- mikrobiální testy citlivosti MeSH
- mikrobiální viabilita účinky léků MeSH
- permeabilita buněčné membrány účinky léků MeSH
- počet mikrobiálních kolonií MeSH
- Staphylococcus aureus účinky léků růst a vývoj MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Buckwheat cookies with various ingredients for raw food vegan diet are usually prepared by soaking them in water at ambient temperature followed by drying at moderate temperature. The aim of this study was to examine the temperature effect on the microbiological quality, antioxidant properties and oxidative stability of lipids of final dried samples. The mixture of ingredients was soaked for 20 h in distilled water, and then cookies were formed and dried in air-forced oven at constant temperature in the range from 40 to 60 °C. Total viable counts, fungi, yeasts, coliform and aerobic spore-forming bacteria counts were evaluated in dried samples and were found to decrease during drying at 50 and 60 °C. Antioxidant activity was determined by DPPH and ABTS assays, and the former showed the highest value at 40 °C. Superoxide dismutase activity was also higher at 40 °C in comparison with that at 60 °C. The percentage of lipid peroxidation inhibition increased with the increase in drying temperature until 4th day of incubation. While peroxide value was significantly higher in samples dried at 40 °C, TBARS values did not show significant changes during the drying process. The results of this study suggest that drying buckwheat-based cookies at 40 °C retained their good antioxidant properties but represent a potentially serious microbial hazard.
- MeSH
- antioxidancia analýza farmakologie MeSH
- bakteriální nálož MeSH
- dieta veganská * MeSH
- Fagopyrum chemie mikrobiologie MeSH
- kontaminace potravin analýza MeSH
- látky reagující s kyselinou thiobarbiturovou analýza MeSH
- manipulace s potravinami MeSH
- peroxidace lipidů MeSH
- potravinářská mikrobiologie MeSH
- superoxiddismutasa metabolismus MeSH
- syrová strava analýza MeSH
- teplota MeSH
- voda analýza MeSH
- vysoušení * MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Sarin is a potent inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase (AChE). It is known as an agent of chemical warfare and is one of a number of nerve agents misused for chemical terrorism, e.g. on the Tokyo subway attacks. Though effect of sarin on the cholinergic system is well-known, long-term adverse effects and the role of oxidative stress in sarin toxicity remain unknown. The experiment reported here was carried out on laboratory Wistar rats intramuscularly exposed to 0.5–50% of sarin LD50 for one hour. A complex biochemical examination of plasma samples and an assessment of oxidative stress in the liver, kidney, spleen, cerebellum and frontal lobe were performed after euthanasia of the animals. By means of these biochemical markers, we were able to observe the induction of hyperglycaemia in a dose-dependent manner. Other biochemical markers such as transaminases were influenced in a non-standard manner as sarin probably acted as an inhibitor of these markers. Oxidative stress markers and an assessment of AChE activity showed an unequal impact of sarin on different tissues. Significant inhibition of AChE was found in the cerebellum and frontal lobe. Besides this, alterations in reduced glutathione, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) were proven. In particular, an accumulation occurred of reduced glutathione in the frontal lobe, whereas depletion of FRAP was found in the kidney and spleen, and a strong increase in TBARS occurred in the spleen in a dose-dependent manner. We infer that sarin extensively influences oxidative homeostasis. Surprisingly, the central nervous system seems to be more resistant than the other organs.
- MeSH
- acetylcholinesterasa metabolismus MeSH
- antioxidancia metabolismus MeSH
- biochemické jevy * MeSH
- chemické bojové látky otrava toxicita MeSH
- cholinesterasové inhibitory otrava toxicita MeSH
- FRAP statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- glutathion analýza krev metabolismus MeSH
- glutathionreduktasa analýza krev metabolismus MeSH
- játra metabolismus MeSH
- krysa rodu rattus MeSH
- látky reagující s kyselinou thiobarbiturovou analýza metabolismus MeSH
- ledviny metabolismus MeSH
- mozek metabolismus MeSH
- otrava krev metabolismus MeSH
- oxidační stres * účinky léků MeSH
- potkani Wistar MeSH
- sarin * otrava toxicita MeSH
- slezina metabolismus MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- krysa rodu rattus MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
The oxidative effects of photodynamic therapy with 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(4-methoxyphenyl) porphyrin (TMP) and Zn-5,10,15,20-tetrakis(4-methoxyphenyl) porphyrin (ZnTMP) were evaluated in Wistar rats subcutaneously inoculated with Walker 256 carcinoma. The animals were irradiated with red light (? = 685 nm; D = 50 J/cm2; 15 min) 3 h after intra-peritoneal administration of 10 mg/kg body weight of porphyrins. The presence of free radicals in tumours after photodynamic therapy with TMP and ZnTMP revealed by chemiluminescence of luminol attained the highest level at 18 h after irradiation. Lipid peroxides measured as thiobarbituric-reactive substances and protein carbonyls, which are indices of oxidative effects produced on susceptible biomolecules, were significantly increased in tumour tissues of animals 24 h after photodynamic therapy. The levels of thiol groups and total antioxidant capacity in the tumours were decreased. The activities of antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase were also increased in tumour tissues after photodynamic therapy. Increased levels of plasma lipid peroxides as well as changes in the levels of erythrocyte antioxidant enzyme activities suggest possible systemic effects of photodynamic therapy with TMP and ZnTMP.
- MeSH
- antioxidancia analýza metabolismus MeSH
- časové faktory MeSH
- fotochemoterapie MeSH
- fotosenzibilizující látky farmakologie metabolismus terapeutické užití MeSH
- karbonylace proteinů účinky záření MeSH
- karcinom Walkerův 256 farmakoterapie metabolismus MeSH
- krysa rodu rattus MeSH
- látky reagující s kyselinou thiobarbiturovou analýza metabolismus MeSH
- lipidové peroxidy analýza krev metabolismus MeSH
- luminiscence diagnostické užití MeSH
- luminol chemie MeSH
- oxidace-redukce účinky záření MeSH
- oxidoreduktasy analýza krev metabolismus MeSH
- porfyriny farmakologie metabolismus terapeutické užití MeSH
- potkani Wistar MeSH
- reaktivní formy kyslíku metabolismus MeSH
- spotřeba kyslíku účinky léků MeSH
- sulfhydrylové sloučeniny analýza krev metabolismus MeSH
- volné radikály analýza krev metabolismus MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- krysa rodu rattus MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
This work focused on the effect of Maca on lipid, anti-oxidative, and glucose parameters in hereditary hypertriglyceridemic (HHTg) rat. Maca (1%) was administred to rats as a part of a high-sucrose diet (HSD) for 2 weeks. Rosiglitazone (0.02%) was used as a positive control. Maca significantly decreased the levels of VLDL (very low density lipoproteins), LDL (low density lipoproteins), and total cholesterol, and also the level of TAG (triacylglycerols) in the plasma, VLDL, and liver. Maca, as well as rosiglitazone, significantly improved glucose tolerance, as the decrease of AUC (area under the curve) of glucose showed, and lowered levels of glucose in blood. The activity of SOD (superoxide dismutase) in the liver, the GPX (glutathione peroxidase) in the blood, and the level of GSH (glutathione) in liver increased in all cases significantly. Results demonstrate that maca seems to be promising for a positive influence on chronic human diseases (characterized by atherogenous lipoprotein profile, aggravated antioxidative status, and impaired glucose tolerance), and their prevention.
- MeSH
- antioxidancia farmakologie MeSH
- cholesterol krev MeSH
- financování organizované MeSH
- glukosa metabolismus MeSH
- glutathion metabolismus MeSH
- glutathionperoxidasa metabolismus MeSH
- hyperlipoproteinemie typ IV farmakoterapie metabolismus MeSH
- játra enzymologie metabolismus MeSH
- krysa rodu rattus MeSH
- látky reagující s kyselinou thiobarbiturovou analýza MeSH
- LDL-cholesterol krev MeSH
- Lepidium chemie MeSH
- metabolismus lipidů účinky léků MeSH
- metabolismus sacharidů účinky léků MeSH
- plocha pod křivkou MeSH
- potkani Wistar MeSH
- rostlinné extrakty farmakologie MeSH
- superoxiddismutasa metabolismus MeSH
- triglyceridy krev MeSH
- VLDL-cholesterol krev MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- krysa rodu rattus MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- MeSH
- finanční podpora výzkumu jako téma MeSH
- glutathionperoxidasa analýza MeSH
- krysa rodu rattus MeSH
- látky reagující s kyselinou thiobarbiturovou analýza MeSH
- melatonin aplikace a dávkování MeSH
- novorozená zvířata MeSH
- poranění mozku patofyziologie MeSH
- superoxiddismutasa analýza MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- krysa rodu rattus MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
Twelve self-sustaining nonagenarians, 10 women and two men, aged 94+/-3 years, and eight institutionalised nonagenarians, eight women, aged 91+/-1 year as well as 11 control subjects, seven women and four men, aged 84+/-5 years entered the study. Urinary neopterin, an indicator of systemic immune activation, and serum thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), a marker of lipoperoxidation, were determined initially, and collection of the blood and urine samples was repeated at 3-month interval. Neopterin was measured in the urine specimens by reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography. A C(18) reversed-phase column 3.3x150 mm, 5 mum-diameter packing Separon SGX was used. Potassium phosphate buffer (15 mmol l(-1), pH 6.4) at flow rate of 0.8 ml min(-1) was used as mobile phase. After centrifugation (5 min, 1300xg) and diluting 100 mul of urine specimens with 1.0 ml of mobile phase containing 2 g of disodium-EDTA per litre, a 20 mul sample was injected on a column. Neopterin was identified by its native fluorescence (353 nm excitation, 438 nm emission). Creatinine was determined by Jaffé kinetic reaction after dilution of sample 1:50 (v/v). The concentration of neopterin in urine was expressed as neopterin/creatinine ratio (mumol mol(-1) creatinine). TBARS were determined spectrofluorometrically using LS-5 spectrofluorimeter (excitation wavelength 528 nm, emission wavelength 558 nm) after extraction with n-butanol treatment with thiobarbituric acid. The significance of differences between nonagenarians and control group was examined by ANOVA-Kruskal-Wallis tests, using statistical software NCSS 6.0.21 (Kaysville, UT, 1996). The decision on significance was based on P=0.05. Urinary neopterin was significantly higher in institutionalised compared to self-sustaining subjects and controls (625+/-565 vs. 203+/-63 mumol mol(-1) creatinine, and 198+/-128 mumol mol(-1) creatinine, respectively, P=0.006). The serum TBARS were higher in both groups of nonagenarians (3.23+/-1.16 mumol l(-1) and 2.69+/-0.39 vs. 2.12+/-0.83 mumol l(-1) for the self-sustaining, institutionalised and controls, respectively, P=0.023). We conclude that the fluorimetric determinations of urinary neopterin and serum TBARS can be useful for the monitoring health status in the elderly patients.
There has been growing interest in the quantitative determination of biochemical predictors of atherogenesis. The aim of the present study was to investigate association of lipoperoxidation biomarkers known to be pro-atherogenic (thiobarbituric acid reactive substance activity, TBARS) or anti-atherogenic (alpha-tocopherol) with the fatty acid status, and relate it to the coronary artery disease (CAD) as assessed by coronary angiography in patients with stable angina pectoris. We found that serum lipoproteins and TBARS did not differ significantly. However there was significant correlation of TBARS with total vitamin E (P=0.02) and vitamin E in very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) (P=0.02) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) (P=0.01), with LDL-linoleic acid (P=0.01), and high-density lipoprotein-linoleic acid (P=0.02). There was significant correlation of total vitamin E (P=0.01) and VLDL-vitamin E (P=0.01) with the degree of CAD. We conclude that TBARS and alpha-tocopherol could not be evaluated as biomarkers for the severity of CAD among the patients with stable angina pectoris
- MeSH
- alfa-tokoferol MeSH
- ateroskleróza MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- fluorometrie MeSH
- hyperlipidemie MeSH
- koronární angiografie MeSH
- látky reagující s kyselinou thiobarbiturovou analýza MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- lipidové peroxidy analýza krev MeSH
- nenasycené mastné kyseliny MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- senioři MeSH
