non-linear device modeling
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Measurement of BCR activator of RhoGEF and GTPase -ABL proto-oncogene 1, non-receptor tyrosine kinase (BCR-ABL1) mRNA levels by reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RTqPCR) has been critical to treatment protocols and clinical trials in chronic myeloid leukaemia; however, interlaboratory variation remains a significant issue. Reverse transcriptase droplet digital PCR (RTddPCR) has shown potential to improve testing but a large-scale interlaboratory study is required to definitively establish this. In the present study, 10 BCR-ABL1-positive samples with levels ranging from molecular response (MR)1·0 -MR5·0 were tested by 23 laboratories using RTddPCR with the QXDX BCR-ABL %IS kit. A subset of participants tested the samples using RTqPCR. All 23 participants using RTddPCR detected BCR-ABL1 in all samples to MR4·0 . Detection rates for deep-response samples were 95·7% at MR4·5 , 78·3% at MR4·7 and 87·0% at MR5·0 . Interlaboratory coefficient of variation was indirectly proportional to BCR-ABL1 level ranging from 29·3% to 69·0%. Linearity ranged from 0·9330 to 1·000 (average 0·9936). When results were compared for the 11 participants who performed both RTddPCR and RTqPCR, RTddPCR showed a similar limit of detection to RTqPCR with reduced interlaboratory variation and better assay linearity. The ability to detect deep responses with RTddPCR, matched with an improved linearity and reduced interlaboratory variation will allow improved patient management, and is of particular importance for future clinical trials focussed on achieving and maintaining treatment-free remission.
- MeSH
- bcr-abl fúzní proteiny krev MeSH
- buňky K562 chemie MeSH
- chronická myeloidní leukemie krev MeSH
- HL-60 buňky chemie MeSH
- klinické laboratoře MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- lineární modely MeSH
- nádorové biomarkery krev MeSH
- polymerázová řetězová reakce s reverzní transkripcí metody MeSH
- reagenční diagnostické soupravy MeSH
- reprodukovatelnost výsledků MeSH
- testování odbornosti laboratoří * MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- multicentrická studie MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- srovnávací studie MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Asie MeSH
- Evropa MeSH
- Severní Amerika MeSH
Local activity is the capability of a system to amplify infinitesimal fluctuations in energy. Complex phenomena, including the generation of action potentials in neuronal axon membranes, may never emerge in an open system unless some of its constitutive elements operate in a locally active regime. As a result, the recent discovery of solid-state volatile memory devices, which, biased through appropriate DC sources, may enter a local activity domain, and, most importantly, the associated stable yet excitable sub-domain, referred to as edge of chaos, which is where the seed of complexity is actually planted, is of great appeal to the neuromorphic engineering community. This paper applies fundamentals from the theory of local activity to an accurate model of a niobium oxide volatile resistance switching memory to derive the conditions necessary to bias the device in the local activity regime. This allows to partition the entire design parameter space into three domains, where the threshold switch is locally passive (LP), locally active but unstable, and both locally active and stable, respectively. The final part of the article is devoted to point out the extent by which the response of the volatile memristor to quasi-static excitations may differ from its dynamics under DC stress. Reporting experimental measurements, which validate the theoretical predictions, this work clearly demonstrates how invaluable is non-linear system theory for the acquirement of a comprehensive picture of the dynamics of highly non-linear devices, which is an essential prerequisite for a conscious and systematic approach to the design of robust neuromorphic electronics. Given that, as recently proved, the potassium and sodium ion channels in biological axon membranes are locally active memristors, the physical realization of novel artificial neural networks, capable to reproduce the functionalities of the human brain more closely than state-of-the-art purely CMOS hardware architectures, should not leave aside the adoption of resistance switching memories, which, under the appropriate provision of energy, are capable to amplify the small signal, such as the niobium dioxide micro-scale device from NaMLab, chosen as object of theoretical and experimental study in this work.
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
... Loss, 14 X-Ray Production, 14 -- Characteristic X-Rays and Auger Electrons, 16 Stopping Power and Linear ... ... Mills -- Introduction, 28 Radiation Detection, 28 -- Gas Amplification Devices, 29 Scintillation Devices ... ... 45 Genetic Structures, 45 Cells and Biological Structures, 45 Composite Detectors and Arrays, 45 Linear ... ... Mills -- Introduction, 122 -- The Medical Linear Accelerator, 122 Linear Accelerator Layout and Components ... ... , 123 X-Ray Beam, 124 Electron Beam, 126 -- Linear Accelerator Control Systems, 127 Nonstandard Linear ...
Eighth edition xxiii, 615 stran : ilustrace, tabulky ; 28 cm
- MeSH
- nádory radioterapie MeSH
- nukleární lékařství metody MeSH
- radioterapie metody MeSH
- Publikační typ
- učebnice MeSH
- Konspekt
- Učební osnovy. Vyučovací předměty. Učebnice
- Lékařské vědy. Lékařství
- NLK Obory
- radiologie, nukleární medicína a zobrazovací metody
- onkologie
- NLK Publikační typ
- kolektivní monografie
Mozkové metastázy představují důležitou a častou indikaci pro moderní radiochirurgii. Tato neinvazivní metoda nabízí dobrou lokální kontrolu s minimální toxicitou s možností opakování ozáření. CyberKnife je přístroj pro bezrámovou celotělovou radiochirurgii využívající obrazem řízenou robotickou technologii s lineárním akcelerátorem jako zdrojem fotonů. V naší prospektivní studii vyhodnocujeme velikost metastatických ložisek na MRI s využitím počítačově asistované volumetrie, přičemž srovnáváme prediktivní hodnotu objemových změn ozářených metastáz. Sledujeme efekt léčby v závislosti na histologickém typu nádoru, počtu mozkových metastáz, pohlaví a vstupním klinickém stavu pacientů. V našich podmínkách unikátní soubor pacientů léčených CyberKnife pro metastatické postižení mozku pak statisticky analyzujeme a výsledky srovnáváme s literárními daty pracovišť využívajících stejnou technologii i referenčními daty center rámové stereotaktické radiochirurgie (gama nůž).
Brain metastases are an important and frequently treated indication in modern radiosurgery. This non-invasive method offersgood local control with minimum toxicity and repeability of treatment. The CyberKnife is a device for frameless whole-bodyradiosurgery using image guided robotic technology and linear accelerator as a photon source. In our prospective study wemeasure the volume of brain metastases on MRI with use of computer-assisted volumetry and we evaluate the predictive valueof these volumetric changes. We track the effect of therapy according to histological type of tumor, number of brain metastases,sex and initial performance status of patients. The group of patients with CyberKnife treateted brain metastases, that is uniquein our conditions, is then statistically analyzed and results are compared to peer-reviewed articles of institutions using the sametechnology and reference data from frame-based (Gamma Knife) radiosurgery centers are matched.
- MeSH
- analýza přežití * MeSH
- diagnostické techniky neurologické přístrojové vybavení trendy využití MeSH
- farmakoterapie metody trendy využití MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- magnetická rezonanční tomografie metody trendy využití MeSH
- metastázy nádorů diagnóza radioterapie terapie MeSH
- nádory mozku * diagnóza chirurgie radioterapie MeSH
- neurochirurgické výkony metody trendy využití MeSH
- radiochirurgie metody trendy využití MeSH
- radioterapie metody trendy využití MeSH
- statistika jako téma MeSH
- stereotaktické techniky * přístrojové vybavení trendy využití MeSH
- výsledky a postupy - zhodnocení (zdravotní péče) MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
Cíl: Cílem práce je zhodnotit změny šíře optických nervů a pochev optických nervů v MR obraze v závislosti na věku a pohlaví ve věkové skupině 15–75 let. Soubor a metodika: Bylo provedeno měření celkem 300 jedinců bez prokázané patologie očního nervu a bez zjištěné poruchy drenáže mozkomíšního moku (150 mužů, 150 žen), bylo provedeno 600 měření optických nervů (4 úseky), 300 měření optického chiasmatu a 600 měření pro 2 úseky optické pochvy. Měření probíhalo na MR přístroji síly 1,5 T. Statistická analýza byla provedena pomocí parametrického testu Kruskal-Wallisova typu ANOVA a pomocí testu neparametrického GLMM (generalized linear mixed model). Výsledky: Prokázali jsme statisticky významný rozdíl mezi věkovými skupinami mužů i žen pro úseky optického nervu 1–4 a úseky optické pochvy A a B, stejně tak byl prokázán statisticky významný rozdíl mezi pohlavími pro úseky optického nervu 1–4 a oba úseky optické pochvy. V úsecích optického nervu 1–4 a optické pochvy A a B byl zjištěn nárůst rozměrů od skupiny 15–25 let směrem ke věkové skupině do 45–55 let a poté jednoznačná redukce rozměrů směrem k věkové skupině 55 a více let. Úsek 5 (chiasma) ve sledovaném souboru neměl statisticky průkazné změny rozměrů v závislosti na věku. Závěr: Prokázali jsme statisticky významnou závislost rozměrů zrakového nervu a jeho pochvy na věku a pohlaví probandů. Při měření v oblasti chiasmatu nebyla tato závislost potvrzena.
Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the optic nerve and its sheath diameter changes in relation to age and gender, measured by MR images in the population aged 15–75 years. Patients and methods: A total of 300 individuals without proven optic nerve pathology or cerebrospinal fluid pathway pathology were included in the study (150 men, 150 women); 600 measurements of the optic nerve (4 sections), 300 measurements of the optic chiasm, and 600 measurements of 2 optic sheath sections were carried out using a 1.5 T MRI device. Statistical analysis employed the ANOVA Kruskal-Wallis parametric test and a non-parametric GLMM (generalized linear mixed model) test. Results: We proved a statistically significant difference between age groups of men and women for optic nerve sections 1–4 and optic sheath sections A and B, as well as a statistically significant difference between genders for the optic nerve sections 1–4 and both optic sheath sections. Growth in dimensions in optic nerve sections 1–4 and optic sheaths A and B was demonstrated from the 15–25-year-old age group up to the 45–55-year-old age group; after that, there is an unambiguous reduction in dimensions towards the 55-year-old age group and above. Section 5 (the chiasm) demonstrated no statistically significant changes in dimensions in relation to age in the respective set. Conclusions: We proved a statistically significant age and gender influence on the dimensions of optic nerve and its sheath. This dependence was not proven by measurements of the optic chiasm.
- Klíčová slova
- obaly optického nervu,
- MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- klinická studie jako téma MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- magnetická rezonanční tomografie * metody MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- nervus opticus * diagnostické zobrazování MeSH
- pohlaví MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- věkové faktory MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
Aims: Pocket haematoma is a common complication after defibrillator [implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD)] implantation, which is not only painful, but also increases the risk of device-related infection, and possibly embolic events. The present study seeks to evaluate the rate and predictors of clinically significant pocket haematoma. Methods and results: This study included 2500 patients receiving an ICD in the SIMPLE trial. A clinically significant pocket haematoma was defined as a haematoma that required re-operation or interruption of oral anticoagulation (OAC) therapy. Clinically significant pocket haematoma occurred in 56 of 2500 patients (2.2%) of which 6 (10.7%) developed device-related infection. Patients who developed pocket haematoma were older (mean age 67.6 ± 8.8 years vs. 62.7 ± 11.6 years, P < 0.001), were more likely to have permanent atrial fibrillation (30.4 vs. 6.7%, P < 0.001) and a history of stroke (17.9 vs. 6.7%, P = 0.004), or were more likely to receive peri-operative OAC (50.0 vs. 28.4%, P < 0.001), unfractionated heparin (16.1 vs. 5.2%, P = 0.003), or low-molecular-weight heparin (37.5 vs. 17.5%, P < 0.001). Independent predictors of wound haematoma on multivariable analysis included the use of heparin bridging (OR 2.65, 95% CI 1.48-4.73, P = 0.001), sub-pectoral location of ICD (OR 2.00, 95% CI 1.12-3.57, P =0.020), previous stroke (OR 2.47, 95% CI 1.20-5.10, P = 0.015), an upgrade from permanent pacemaker (OR 2.52, 95% CI 1.07-5.94, P = 0.035), and older age (OR 1.03, 95% CI 1.00-1.06, P = 0.049). Conclusion: Pocket haematoma remains an important complication of ICD implantation and is associated with a high risk of infection. Independent predictors of pocket haematoma include heparin bridging, prior stroke, sub-pectoral placement of ICD, older age, and upgrade from a pacemaker.
- MeSH
- chirurgická rána diagnóza epidemiologie MeSH
- defibrilátory implantabilní * škodlivé účinky MeSH
- elektrická defibrilace škodlivé účinky přístrojové vybavení mortalita MeSH
- hematom diagnóza epidemiologie MeSH
- heparin aplikace a dávkování škodlivé účinky MeSH
- implantace protézy škodlivé účinky přístrojové vybavení mortalita MeSH
- incidence MeSH
- infekce spojené s protézou epidemiologie MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- logistické modely MeSH
- multivariační analýza MeSH
- nelineární dynamika MeSH
- odds ratio MeSH
- prospektivní studie MeSH
- rizikové faktory MeSH
- rozdělení chí kvadrát MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- srdeční arytmie diagnóza mortalita terapie MeSH
- věkové faktory MeSH
- výsledek terapie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- multicentrická studie MeSH
- randomizované kontrolované studie MeSH
This experimental study investigated the back pressure (P(back)) versus flow (U) relationship for 10 different tubes commonly used for semi-occluded vocal tract exercises, that is, eight straws of different lengths and diameters, a resonance tube, and a silicone tube similar to a Lax Vox tube. All tubes were assessed with the free end in air. The resonance tube and silicone tube were further assessed with the free end under water at the depths from 1 to 7 cm in steps of 1 cm. The results showed that relative changes in the diameter of straws affect P(back) considerably more compared with the same amount of relative change in length. Additionally, once tubes are submerged into water, P(back) needs to overcome the pressure generated by the water depth before flow can start. Under this condition, only a small increase in P(back) was observed as the flow was increased. Therefore, the wider tubes submerged into water produced an almost constant P(back) determined by the water depth, whereas the thinner straws in air produced relatively large changes to P(back) as flow was changed. These differences may be taken advantage of when customizing exercises for different users and diagnoses and optimizing the therapy outcome.
- MeSH
- anatomické modely MeSH
- design vybavení MeSH
- fonace * MeSH
- hlas * MeSH
- hlasové řasy patofyziologie MeSH
- hlasový trénink * MeSH
- larynx patofyziologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nelineární dynamika MeSH
- nemoci laryngu diagnóza patofyziologie terapie MeSH
- silikony * MeSH
- tlak MeSH
- zvuk MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- srovnávací studie MeSH
... Systems 1297 -- G: 1 I: 1 -- The Genetic Code, Amino Acids T: 1 -- Special Features -- TABLE 1-2 Some Model ... ... SAL FEATURES OF CELLS ON EARTH -- 5\'ire Their Hereditary Information in the Same Linear Code: DNA -- ... ... -e Deanes the Program of Multicellular Development tes Live as Solitary Cells Set es as a Minimal Model ... ... 29 -- 29 -- 30 30 -- 32 -- 32 -- 33 -- 33 -- 34 -- The Frog and the Zebrafish Provide Accessible Models ... ... for -- Vertebrate Development 35 -- The Mouse Is the Predominant Mammalian Model Organism 35 -- Humans ...
Sixth edition xxxiv, 1430 stran v různém stránkování : ilustrace (převážně barevné) ; 29 cm
- Konspekt
- Biochemie. Molekulární biologie. Biofyzika
- NLK Obory
- molekulární biologie, molekulární medicína
- NLK Publikační typ
- učebnice vysokých škol
Track-etched detectors (TED) have been used as linear energy transfer (LET) spectrometers in heavy ion beams for many years. LET spectra and depth-dose distribution of a carbon ion beam were measured behind polymethylmethacrylate degraders at Heavy Ion Medical Accelerator in Chiba, Japan. The measurements were performed along monoenergetic beam with energy 290 MeV u(-1) in different positions: (1) at beam extraction area, (2) at beginning, (3) maximum and (4) behind the Bragg peak region (0, 117, 147 and 151 mm of water-equivalent depth, respectively). The LET spectra inside and outside of the primary ion beam have been evaluated. TED record only heavy charged particles with LET above 8-10 keV µm(-1), while electrons and ions with lower LET are not detected. The Geant4 simulation toolkit version 4.9.6.P01 has been used to estimate the contribution of non-detected particles to absorbed dose. Presented results demonstrate the applicability of TED for microdosimetry measurements in therapeutic carbon ion beams.
- MeSH
- částice - urychlovače přístrojové vybavení MeSH
- dávka záření MeSH
- design vybavení MeSH
- elektrony MeSH
- kalibrace MeSH
- lineární přenos energie účinky záření MeSH
- mikrotechnologie metody MeSH
- počítačová simulace MeSH
- polymethylmethakrylát chemie MeSH
- radiometrie přístrojové vybavení MeSH
- těžké ionty * MeSH
- uhlík * MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
AIM: Asphyxia is the primary cause of death among avalanche victims. Avalanche airbags can lower mortality by directly reducing grade of burial, the single most important factor for survival. This study aims to provide an updated perspective on the effectiveness of this safety device. METHODS: A retrospective analysis of avalanche accidents involving at least one airbag user between 1994 and 2012 in Austria, Canada, France, Norway, Slovakia, Switzerland and the United States. A multivariate analysis was used to calculate adjusted absolute risk reduction and estimate the effectiveness of airbags on grade of burial and mortality. A univariate analysis was used to examine causes of non-deployment. RESULTS: Binomial linear regression models showed main effects for airbag use, avalanche size and injuries on critical burial, and for grade of burial, injuries and avalanche size on mortality. The adjusted risk of critical burial is 47% with non-inflated airbags and 20% with inflated airbags. The adjusted mortality is 44% for critically buried victims and 3% for non-critically buried victims. The adjusted absolute mortality reduction for inflated airbags is -11 percentage points (22% to 11%; 95% confidence interval: -4 to -18 percentage points) and adjusted risk ratio is 0.51 (95% confidence interval: 0.29 to 0.72). Overall non-inflation rate is 20%, 60% of which is attributed to deployment failure by the user. CONCLUSION: Although the impact on survival is smaller than previously reported, these results confirm the effectiveness of airbags. Non-deployment remains the most considerable limitation to effectiveness. Development of standardized data collection protocols is encouraged to facilitate further research.
- MeSH
- airbagy * MeSH
- asfyxie mortalita prevence a kontrola MeSH
- laviny * MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- multivariační analýza MeSH
- retrospektivní studie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- hodnotící studie MeSH