Ageing is a complex phenomenon affecting a wide range of coexisting biological processes. The homogeneity of the studied population is an essential parameter for valid interpretations of outcomes. The presented study capitalises on the MRI data available in the Human Connectome Project-Aging (HCP-A) and, within individuals over 55 years of age who passed the HCP-A section criteria, compares a subgroup of 37 apparently neurocognitively healthy individuals selected based on stringent criteria with 37 age and sex-matched individuals still representative of typical ageing but who did not pass the stringent definition of neurocognitively healthy. Specifically, structural scans, diffusion weighted imaging and T1w/T2w ratio were utilised. Furthermore, data of 26 HCP-A participants older than 90 years as notional 'super-agers' were analysed. The relationship of age and several microstructural MRI metrics (T1w/T2w ratio, mean diffusivity, intracellular volume fraction and free water volume fraction) differed significantly between typical and healthy ageing cohort in areas highly relevant for ageing such as hippocampus, prefrontal and temporal cortex and cerebellum. However, the trajectories of the healthy ageing population did not show substantially better overlap with the findings in people older than 90 than those of the typical population. Therefore, caution must be exercised in the choice of adequate study group characteristics relevant for respective ageing-related hypotheses. Contrary to typical ageing group, the healthy ageing cohort may show generally stable levels of several MRI metrics of interest.

• MeSH
• kognice * fyziologie   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• magnetická rezonanční tomografie MeSH
• mozek diagnostické zobrazování   MeSH
• šedá hmota * diagnostické zobrazování   MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• stárnutí * fyziologie   MeSH
• zdravé stárnutí fyziologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• srovnávací studie MeSH

A case report of a 68-year-old otherwise-healthy female patient with Spetzler-Martin (SM) grade I arteriovenous malformation (AVM) in her left frontal region is presented. After an uneventful surgery, cerebral venous infarction developed, and the patient was rendered hemiparetic with motor aphasia. After bony decompression, slow improvement was seen, and 3 months after surgery, the patient was neurologically intact. Six months after AVM resection, cranioplasty was performed. Infarction was caused by the thrombosis of a long primary draining vein, which finished its course in the normal cortical venous system. The case supports the venous origin of postoperative bleeding after AVM resection instead of the normal perfusion pressure phenomenon.

• MeSH
• cerebrální infarkt * etiologie   chirurgie   MeSH
• intrakraniální arteriovenózní malformace * chirurgie   komplikace   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• magnetická rezonanční tomografie MeSH
• mozkové žíly chirurgie   diagnostické zobrazování   MeSH
• pooperační komplikace etiologie   chirurgie   MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• kazuistiky MeSH

Publikace se zaměřuje na psychoterapii a související vztahy s psychosomatikou a psychoanalýzou. Určeno odborné i široké veřejnosti.

• MeSH
• dějiny 20. století MeSH
• duševní zdraví MeSH
• filozofie MeSH
• psychoanalýza MeSH
• psychologie MeSH
• psychosomatické a relaxační terapie MeSH
• psychoterapeuti dějiny   MeSH
• psychoterapie MeSH
• sociální hodnoty MeSH
• životní smysluplnost MeSH
• Check Tag
• dějiny 20. století MeSH
• Publikační typ
• monografie MeSH
• populární práce MeSH

• Konspekt
• Fyzioterapie. Psychoterapie. Alternativní lékařství
• NLK Obory
• psychoterapie

• O autorovi
• Poněšický, Jan, 1943- Autorita

Příručka, která se zaměřuje na úzkostné a panické poruchy a na záchvaty úzkosti a paniky a na jejich zvládání. Určeno široké veřejnost.

• MeSH
• behaviorální terapie MeSH
• panická porucha MeSH
• panika MeSH
• péče o sebe MeSH
• psychosomatické poruchy MeSH
• úzkost * MeSH
• úzkostné poruchy MeSH
• Publikační typ
• populární práce MeSH
• příručky MeSH

• Konspekt
• Psychiatrie
• NLK Obory
• psychiatrie
• psychoterapie
• zdravotní výchova

Neuroinflammation is a key factor in the progression of neurodegenerative diseases, driven by the dysregulation of molecular pathways and activation of the brain's immune system, resulting in the release of pro-inflammatory and oxidative molecules. This chronic inflammation is exacerbated by peripheral leukocyte infiltration into the central nervous system. Medicinal plants, with their historical use in traditional medicine, have emerged as promising candidates to mitigate neuroinflammation and offer a sustainable alternative for addressing neurodegenerative conditions in a green healthcare framework. This review evaluates the effects of medicinal plants on neuroinflammation, emphasizing their mechanisms of action, effective dosages, and clinical implications, based on a systematic search of databases such as PubMed, SCOPUS, and Web of Science. The key findings highlight that plants like Cleistocalyx nervosum var. paniala, Curcuma longa, Cannabis sativa, and Dioscorea nipponica reduce pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β), inhibit enzymes (COX-2 and iNOS), and activate antioxidant pathways, particularly Nrf2. NF-κB emerged as the primary pro-inflammatory pathway inhibited across studies. While the anti-inflammatory potential of these plants is significant, the variability in dosages and phytochemical compositions limits clinical translation. Here, we highlight that medicinal plants are effective modulators of neuroinflammation, underscoring their therapeutic potential. Future research should focus on animal models, standardized protocols, and safety assessments, integrating advanced methodologies, such as genetic studies and nanotechnology, to enhance their applicability in neurodegenerative disease management.

• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is a critical intervention for patients with severe respiratory or cardiac failure, requiring careful management of anticoagulation to prevent thromboembolic complications. This review examines current practices and challenges in ECMO anticoagulation, focusing on strategies, agents, and emerging insights. Unfractionated heparin (UFH) remains the most commonly used anticoagulant, monitored via activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) or activated clotting time (ACT). Increasing attention is given to alternative tools like anti-Xa and viscoelastic assays (VEA), which offer potentially more reliable results. Supplementation with antithrombin should be considered if levels fall below 50%-70% to optimize heparin efficacy. Low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) is occasionally used due to its predictable pharmacokinetics, though challenges in dosing and reversal limit its application. Direct thrombin inhibitors, such as bivalirudin, are valuable alternatives, particularly for patients with heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT), though their cost and availability remain barriers. Anticoagulation in ECMO patients is complex, balancing the risks of thrombosis and bleeding. Factors such as patient age, underlying conditions, and ECMO-induced coagulopathies complicate management. Personalized anticoagulation protocols and point-of-care VEA are emerging as effective tools for improving therapy. Routine no-anticoagulation strategies are not recommended unless there are significant bleeding complications. Ongoing research into novel anticoagulants and the long-term impact of anticoagulation on ECMO outcomes is critical. Anticoagulation management in ECMO continues to evolve, focusing on individualized approaches, improved monitoring, and better outcomes. Standardized protocols and further research are essential for optimizing care in this high-risk population.

• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

In chronic lymphocytic leukemia, the reliability of next-generation sequencing (NGS) to detect TP53 variants ≤10% allelic frequency (low-VAF) is debated. We tested the ability to detect 23 such variants in 41 different laboratories using their NGS method of choice. The sensitivity was 85.6%, 94.5%, and 94.8% at 1%, 2%, and 3% VAF cut-off, respectively. While only one false positive (FP) result was reported at >2% VAF, it was more challenging to distinguish true variants <2% VAF from background noise (37 FPs reported by 9 laboratories). The impact of low-VAF variants on time-to-second-treatment (TTST) and overall survival (OS) was investigated in a series of 1092 patients. Among patients not treated with targeted agents, patients with low-VAF TP53 variants had shorter TTST and OS versus wt-TP53 patients, and the relative risk of second-line treatment or death increased continuously with increasing VAF. Targeted therapy in ≥2 line diminished the difference in OS between patients with low-VAF TP53 variants and wt-TP53 patients, while patients with high-VAF TP53 variants had inferior OS compared to wild type-TP53 cases. Altogether, NGS-based approaches are technically capable of detecting low-VAF variants. No strict threshold can be suggested from a technical standpoint, laboratories reporting TP53 mutations should participate in a standardized validation set-up. Finally, whereas low-VAF variants affected outcomes in patients receiving chemoimmunotherapy, their impact on those treated with novel therapies remains undetermined. Our results pave the way for the harmonized and accurate TP53 assessment, which is indispensable for elucidating the role of TP53 mutations in targeted treatment.

• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Publikace obsahuje úplné znění aktuálních českých zákonů, které se týkají daně z příjmů. Určeno odborné veřejnosti.

• MeSH
• daň z příjmu zákonodárství a právo   MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH
• Ukrajina MeSH

• Konspekt
• Veřejné finance
• NLK Obory
• právo, zákonodárství
• ekonomie, ekonomika, ekonomika zdravotnictví
• NLK Publikační typ
• právní předpisy
• zákony

Publikace obsahuje úplné znění aktuálních českých zákonů a předpisů, které se zaměřují na cestovní náhrady a odměňování v zaměstnání. Určeno odborné veřejnosti.

• Klíčová slova
• pracovní právo,
• MeSH
• cestování ekonomika   zákonodárství a právo   MeSH
• kompenzace a odškodnění zákonodárství a právo   MeSH
• mzdy a přídavky zákonodárství a právo   MeSH
• podnikání zákonodárství a právo   MeSH
• zaměstnanost zákonodárství a právo   MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH

• Konspekt
• Právo
• NLK Obory
• právo, zákonodárství
• ekonomie, ekonomika, ekonomika zdravotnictví
• NLK Publikační typ
• zákony
• právní předpisy

Publikace obsahuje úplné znění aktuálního českého trestního zákoníku a trestního řádu. Určeno odborné veřejnosti.

• Klíčová slova
• trestní řízení, trestní řád, trestní soudnictví,
• MeSH
• soudní vědy MeSH
• trestní zákon MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH

• Konspekt
• Trestní právo
• NLK Obory
• právo, zákonodárství
• NLK Publikační typ
• zákony
• právní předpisy