C-Fos
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Cílem této studie bylo zkoumání účinku akutní imobilizace na expresi dvou časných raných genů. Srovnali jsme dynamiku exprese c-fos a Arc mRNA po imobilizaci trvající od 0,5 do 4 hodin. Exprese obou raných genů u potkanů kmene Sprague-Dawley byla kvantifikována hybridizací in situ v těchto mozkových oblastech: mediální prefronální kortex, mediální amygdala, ventrální část laterálního septa, paraventrikulární nukleus hypotalamu a locus coeruleus. Pozorovali jsme silnou indukci c-fos ve všech testovaných oblastech již po exposici stresoru trvajícího 0,5 hod. V paraventrikulárním jádru a locus cerueus nebyla zjištěna exprese Arc mRNA. Při srovnání s expresí po stresu trvajícím 0,5 hod., exprese c-fos mRNA signifikantně poklesla ve skupinách vystavených stresoru po 2 nebo 4 hod. Ve tkáních, kde dochází k expresi Arc mRNA, nastává jen pomalý pokles těchto hodnot i po expozici trvající až 4 hod. Naše výsledky rozšiřují znalosti o stresorově specifických odpovědích v mozku a demonstrují, že c-fos a Arc geny mohou odlišně sloužit jako markery neuronální aktivity.
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of acute immobilization on the expression of two immediate early genes. We compared the dynamics of expression of c-fos and Arc mRNA after immobilization lasting from 0.5 to 4 hours. The expression of both early genes in Sprague-Dawley rats was quantified by in situ hybridization in following brain areas: medial prefrontal cortex, medial amygdala, lateral septum ventral part, paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus and locus coeruleus. We observed a strong induction of c-fos in all tested areas already after 0.5 hour stress exposition.. The Arc mRNA expression was not observed in paraventricular nucleus and locus coeruleus. When compared to expression after 0.5 h, the expression of c-fos mRNA significantly decreased in the groups exposed to stressor for 2 or 4 hours. In tissues where Arc mRNA was observed, the expression of this early gene decreased very slowly even after 4 hours. Our results extend the knowledge of stressor specific response in the brain and demonstrate that c-fos and Arc genes can served differentially as markers of neuronal activity.
- MeSH
- biologické markery MeSH
- bolest * diagnóza etiologie MeSH
- geny fos * MeSH
- komprese míchy MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mícha metabolismus MeSH
- neurony MeSH
- nocicepce MeSH
- protoonkogenní proteiny c-fos genetika MeSH
- protoonkogeny * MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
c-Fos homozygous mice lack osteoclasts with a failure of the teeth to erupt and with an arrest of root development. Here, we characterize the defects associated with the failure in root development and the loss of the tooth-bone interface, and we investigate the underlying causes. We show that, while homozygous c-Fos mice have no multinucleated osteoclasts, heterozygous mice have a reduction in the number of osteoclasts with a reduction in the tooth-bone interface during development and subtle skeletal defects postnatally. In the homozygous mutants bone is found to penetrate the tooth, particularly at the apical end, physically disrupting the root forming HERS (Hertwig's epithelial root sheath) cells. The cells of the HERS continue to proliferate but cannot extend downward due to the presence of bone, leading to a loss of root formation. Tooth germ culture showed that the developing tooth invaded the static bone in mutant tissue, rather than the bone encroaching on the tooth. Although c-Fos has been shown to be expressed in developing teeth, the defect in maintenance of the tooth-bone interface appears to be driven solely by the lack of osteoclasts, as this defect can be rescued in the presence of donor osteoclasts. The rescue suggests that signals from the tooth recruit osteoclasts to clear the bone from around the tooth, allowing the tooth to grow, form roots, and later erupt.
- MeSH
- abnormality čelisti genetika patofyziologie MeSH
- homozygot MeSH
- maxilofaciální vývoj genetika fyziologie MeSH
- mutantní kmeny myší MeSH
- myši inbrední C57BL genetika MeSH
- myši MeSH
- osteoklasty fyziologie MeSH
- prořezávání zubů genetika fyziologie MeSH
- protoonkogenní proteiny c-fos genetika fyziologie MeSH
- zubní kořen abnormality růst a vývoj MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- myši MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
In the present study, adult Long-Evans rats were exposed either to natural conspecific aversive 22-kHz vocalizations or to artificial call-like stimuli with comparable frequency-temporal features, followed by c-Fos immunohistochemistry. The natural 22-kHz vocalizations was either played from a recording or produced by a foot-shocked animal located nearby (live vocalizations). In comparison with controls (non-exposed animals), c-Fos immunoreactivity was significantly increased in the inferior colliculus (IC), auditory cortex (AC), periaqueductal grey (PAG), basolateral amygdala (BA), and hippocampus (Hip) of rats exposed to either live or recorded 22-kHz natural vocalizations. Exposure to live natural vocalizations of the foot-shocked animal resulted in a similar pattern of c-Fos activity, as did exposure to the playback of the natural vocalizations. In contrast to this, foot-shocked rats (emitting the 22-kHz vocalizations) had the c-Fos positivity increased markedly in the PAG and only slightly in the AC. The expression of c-Fos also increased in the IC, AC, and in the PAG in animals exposed to the artificial call-like stimuli, when compared to controls; however, the increase was much less pronounced. In this case, c-Fos expression was not increased in the hippocampus or basolateral amygdala. Interestingly, almost no c-Fos expression was found in the medial nucleus of the geniculate body in any of the experimental groups. These findings suggest that differences exist between the processing of important natural conspecific vocalizations and artificial call-like stimuli with similar frequency-temporal features, and moreover they suggest the specific role of individual brain structures in the processing of such calls.
- MeSH
- akustická stimulace MeSH
- krysa rodu rattus MeSH
- limbický systém metabolismus účinky záření MeSH
- mapování mozku MeSH
- potkani Long-Evans MeSH
- protoonkogenní proteiny c-fos metabolismus MeSH
- sluchové korové centrum metabolismus účinky záření MeSH
- vokalizace zvířat * fyziologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- krysa rodu rattus MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- MeSH
- fosfolipasy typu C MeSH
- geny fos * fyziologie MeSH
- interakce mezi receptory a ligandy MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- myši MeSH
- prospektivní studie MeSH
- regulační oblast lokusu (genu) MeSH
- signální transdukce * MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- myši MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- grafy a diagramy MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is based on the tumor-selective accumulation of photosensitizer followed by irradiation with light of an appropriate wavelength. After irradiation and in the presence of oxygen, photosensitizer induces cellular damage. The aim of this study was to evaluate effects of two photosensitizers TMPyP and ClAlPcS2 on cell lines to obtain better insight into their mechanisms of action. We determined cell viability, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and changes in expression levels of two important early response genes, C-MYC and C-FOS, on tumor MCF7 (human breast adenocarcinoma) and G361 (human melanoma) cell lines and non-tumor BJ cell line (human fibroblast) after photodynamic reaction with TMPyP and ClAlPcS2 as photosensitizers. In addition TMPyP and ClAlPcS2 cellular uptake and clearance and antioxidant capacity of the mentioned cell lines were investigated. We found appropriate therapeutic doses and confirmed that both tested photosensitizers are photodynamically efficient in treatment used cells in vitro. TMPyP is more efficient; it had higher ROS production and toxicity after irradiation by intermediate therapeutic doses than ClAlPcS2. We revealed that both TMPyP and ClAlPcS2-PDT increased C-FOS expression on tumor cell lines (G361 and MCF7), but not on non-tumor BJ cell line. Conversely, both TMPyP and ClAlPcS2-PDT decreased C-MYC expression on non-tumor BJ cell line but not on tumor cell lines. As first we tested these photosensitizers in such extent and we believe that it can help to better understand mechanisms of PDT and increase its efficiency and applicability.
- MeSH
- antioxidancia metabolismus MeSH
- fotochemoterapie MeSH
- fotosenzibilizující látky chemie terapeutické užití toxicita MeSH
- indoly chemie terapeutické užití toxicita MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- MFC-7 buňky MeSH
- nádorové buněčné linie MeSH
- nádory farmakoterapie MeSH
- organokovové sloučeniny chemie terapeutické užití toxicita MeSH
- porfyriny chemie terapeutické užití toxicita MeSH
- protoonkogenní proteiny c-fos metabolismus MeSH
- protoonkogenní proteiny c-myc metabolismus MeSH
- reaktivní formy kyslíku metabolismus MeSH
- světlo MeSH
- upregulace účinky léků účinky záření MeSH
- viabilita buněk účinky léků účinky záření MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- MeSH
- chemoterapie nádorů pomocí regionální perfúze MeSH
- exprese genu MeSH
- finanční podpora výzkumu jako téma MeSH
- hemodiluce MeSH
- hipokampus metabolismus MeSH
- ischemie mozku patologie MeSH
- krysa rodu rattus MeSH
- protoonkogenní proteiny c-fos MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- krysa rodu rattus MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
