OBJECTIVES: The body mass index (BMI) has been the most commonly applied clinical measure to characterise body composition in individuals. However, the BMI has been criticised as being an inaccurate measure of body fatness. Recently, a new index reflecting body composition, the Body Adiposity Index (BAI) was proposed. The BAI was calculated using the equation BAI=((hip circumference)/ ((height)1.5) - 18). AIM: The aim of this study was to compare estimates of body fat content, i.e., body adiposity index (BAI), BMI, waist-hip ratio (WHR) and waist and hip circumferences, with respect to their ability to predict the percentage of body fat (PBF). RESULTS: To select an optimal surrogate for adiposity, we examined the correlation between body adiposity percentage as measured by BIA and several variables, including BAI, BMI and WHR. Correlations ranged from a high of 0.78 for BMI, 0.67 for BAI and 0.66 for waist circumference to a low value of 0.39 for the WHR index. The correlation between PBF and BAI (R=0.67, R2=0.45, p<0.001) and the correlation between PBF and BMI (R=0.78, R2=0.60, p<0.001) were of similar magnitude. CONCLUSION: Based on our results and those of other studies, we can say that the BAI index is not a universally valid index that could be used in the place of the BMI index in a Caucasian population; indeed, it would not accurately reflect body fat mass and thus could lead to an increased risk of obesity. Further, WHR index is not a suitable for an estimation of body fat.

• MeSH
• adipozita MeSH
• antropometrie metody   MeSH
• běloši statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• index tělesné hmotnosti * MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• obezita diagnóza   epidemiologie   MeSH
• poměr pasu a boků normy   MeSH
• reprodukovatelnost výsledků MeSH
• rizikové faktory MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• tuková tkáň patologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• klinické zkoušky MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• srovnávací studie MeSH
• validační studie MeSH

The purpose of the study is to analyze BMI and the mean values of craniofacial parameters in the patients measured by directed anthropometry (PDAA) and by 3D scan (P3DAS). The aim of the study is to identify the most frequent localization of facial fat. The study sample was recruited from patients attending dental surgeries in Bratislava. Data were collected from November 2013 to February 2016. In the first subgroup patients were analyzed by directed anthropometry (PDAA) (n = 65). In the second subgroup patients were analyzed from 3D scan (P3DAS) (n = 35). The differences in mean values of craniofacial parameters between the P3DAS and the PDAA groups had no significant effect on the evaluation of nose breadth, mouth and lower-lip height in the BMI category (18.6–24.9 kg/m2). We found an association between BMI values and craniofacial parameters. In two study groups with >25.0 kg/m2 higher values were observed in nose breadth, bi-zygomatic breadth, total facial height, mouth breadth and morphologic face height than in the group with 18.6–24.9 kg/m2. In the P3DAS the facial fat was most often localized in the bi-gonial breadth and in the PDAA in the bi-zygomatic breadth.

• MeSH
• index tělesné hmotnosti MeSH
• obličej fyziologie   MeSH
• výzkum MeSH

Východisko. Pro hodnocení výskytu nadváhy a obezity se v současné době nejčastěji využívá body mass index (BMI). Tento hmotnostně-výškový index však neumožňuje postihnout proměnlivost a změny v zastoupení základních tělesných složek, a proto se mohou informace o výskytu nadváhy a obezity dle BMI významně odlišovat od údajů vycházejících z procentuálního zastoupení tělesného tuku (%BFM). Z výše uvedeného důvodu bylo primárním cílem prezentované studie stanovit výskyt nadváhy a obezity na základě %BFM a vztáhnouttyto hodnoty ke kategorizaci dle BMI u žen ve věku 55–84 let. Metody a výsledky. Na výzkumu participovalo 446 žen s průměrným věkem65,8 ? 6,4 let. Všechny ženy podstoupily diagnostiku tělesného složení na přístroji InBody 720. Naše výsledky poukazují na vysoký výskyt nadváhy a obezity. Počet obézních žen se s rostoucím věkem zvyšoval. Největší procento obézních jsme zaznamenali u 80letých žen. Hodnocení obezity dle BMI se zdá být objektivní pouze u skupiny žen s BMI > 30 kg/m2,ve které nevykazovalo obezitu (hodnoceno dle %BFM) pouze 1 % žen. Naopak u kategorie žen s BMI v rozmezí 18,5–24,9 kg/m2 a 25,0–29,9 kg/m2 jsme zaznamenali vysoký počet žen, jejichž %BFM odpovídalo obezitě. Závěry. Z prezentovaných výsledků vyplývá, že již při nižších hodnotách BMI (tj. < 30 kg/m2) může být u daného jedince diagnostikovaná obezita. Z tohoto důvodu doporučujeme u této věkové kategorie hodnotit výskyt obezity především dle %BFM.

Background. Currently, body mass index (BMI) is frequently used for evaluation of obesity prevalence. This weight to height index does not reflect variability and changes in body composition components, and therefore, the BMI prevalence data may significantly differ from those based on the body fat percentage (%BFM). For the above reason, the primary aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of overweight and obesity according to %BFM and relate these data to BMI categories in women aged 55–84 years. Methods and results. 446 females with an average age of 65.8 ? 6.4 years participated in this study. Body composition was measured using InBody 720. Our results have shown high prevalence of overweight and obesity in the study sample. Number of obese subjects increased with increasing age. We found the highest prevalence of obesity in females over 80 years. Evaluation of obesity according to BMI seems to be accurate in women with BMI > 30 kg/m2. We found only 1% of nonobese subjects (evaluated according to %BFM) in this BMI category. In contrast, there was found a large number of subjects with obesity (evaluated according to %BFM) among women in 18.5 to 24.9 kg/m2 and 25.0 to 29.9 kg/m2 BMI categories. Conclusions. The results have shown that obesity may be diagnosed in women with lower BMI (i.e., < 30 kg/m2). For this reason we recommend to evaluate the prevalence of obesity primarily from BFM% in this age group.

• MeSH
• antropometrie MeSH
• distribuce tělesného tuku MeSH
• elektrická impedance * MeSH
• index tělesné hmotnosti * MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nadváha * MeSH
• obezita * MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• statistika jako téma MeSH
• tělesné váhy a míry MeSH
• tuková tkáň * MeSH
• výzkum MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH

The study analyses the impact of a body fat mass onto body composition, as muscle mass, water mass, and bone mass of a body, and also onto such physical parameters, as the basal metabolic ratio (BMR), metabolic age, a bioimpedance in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The research included 58 people, of them 32 patients with NAFLD. There were studied anthropometrical indicators, as age, weight, body mass index, also parameters of body composition In patients group in compare with control group there were significantly raised a visceral fat rating on 3.1 units (р<0.0001), a metabolic age on 9.6 years (р<0.0001), a basal metabolic rate on 209 kkcal/day (р=0.004), a bioimpedance on 25.7 Ohm (р=0.04). In control group in compare with patients group there were significantly raised the percentage of total body water on 9.9% (р<0.0001), the percentage of muscle mass on 13.1% (р<0.0001), and the percentage of bone mass on 0.7% (р<0.0001). BMR starts to be slowed down when fat mass accumulation in organism is between 30 and 40%, and after 40% the BMR starts to go down. Bioimpedance values increases with rises of fat mass in percentage.

• MeSH
• antropometrie * MeSH
• distribuce tělesného tuku MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• index tělesné hmotnosti MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• randomizované kontrolované studie jako téma MeSH
• svaly MeSH
• tuková tkáň MeSH
• ztučnělá játra * etiologie   patofyziologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH

Fat mass and fat-free mass have become useful clinical indices in determining healthy growth and physical development during critical periods of childhood and adolescence; however, despite a wide range of nutritional surveillance its study is limited by a lack of reference data. The purpose of this study was to establish sex-specific and age-specific standards for fat mass and fat-free mass in a large sample of Croatian children and adolescents. In this cross-sectional study, we collected data from 12,678 participants aged 11 to 18 years old (mean age ± standard deviation (SD): 14.17 ± 2.25 years; height 164.56 ± 11.31 cm; weight: 57.45 ± 13.73 kg; body mass index: 21.24 ± 3.67 kg/m2; 53% girls). Fat mass and fat-free mass were measured three times by bioelectrical impedance. The Lambda, Mu and Sigma methods were used to create percentile charts for fat mass index (FMI) and fat-free mass index (FFMI; fat mass and fat-free mass divided by height2). Sex and age differences were calculated using an analysis of variance (ANOVA) with post hoc comparisons. Boys had lower FMI (from 2.66 to 3.89) and higher FFMI values (from 16.90 to 17.80) in all age groups, compared to girls (for FMI from 2.79 to 5.17 and for FFMI from 14.50 to 14.90, p < 0.001). In boys, FMI slightly declined until the age of 14, after which an increase from the age of 15 to 18 was observed. In girls, FMI gradually increased from the age of 11 to 18 (p < 0.001). In general, FFMI increased by age in boys [F(7,5440) = 52.674, p < 0.001], while girls had more stable FFMI across all age groups [F(7,7222) = 2.728, p = 0.057]. The newly established sex-specific and age-specific reference data could be used for national surveillance and to screen for children and adolescents with high FMI and low FFMI.

• MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• elektrická impedance MeSH
• index tělesné hmotnosti MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• průřezové studie MeSH
• referenční standardy MeSH
• složení těla * MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

• MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• index tělesné hmotnosti MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mentální anorexie MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• obezita MeSH
• poruchy výživy MeSH
• proteiny fyziologie   MeSH
• tukové buňky sekrece   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• přehledy MeSH
• srovnávací studie MeSH

The world is facing the negative effects of modern lifestyle, mostly reflected in lower physical activity and increased obesity rate. The amount of physical activity is dropping in children already after age of six. Therefore, we hypothesized that yearly change of the amount of physical activity is related to fat mass change in children aged from 6 to 8 years. Physical activity was measured using hip-worn accelerometers for five consecutive days in 47 children. Fat mass was measured using bioimpedance. All measurements were performed two times in one year follow up design. Physical activity and fat mass decreases significantly for 8.3 % (P = 0.005) and increases for 0.5 % (P = 0.109), respectively. Children with higher fat mass are less physically active, where the correlation was significant just in second measurement (R = -0.354; P = 0.015). Furthermore, we observed significant negative correlation between physical activity change and fat mass change (R = -0.717; P < 0.000). We could conclude that the amount of the physical activity and fat mass are closely correlated in children aged from 6 to 8 years.

• Klíčová slova
• akcelorometr, bioimpedance,
• MeSH
• antropometrie metody   MeSH
• distribuce tělesného tuku MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• elektrická impedance diagnostické užití   MeSH
• index tělesné hmotnosti MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nadváha MeSH
• obezita MeSH
• pohybová aktivita MeSH
• statistika jako téma MeSH
• tělesné váhy a míry MeSH
• tloušťka kožní řasy MeSH
• výzkumné techniky MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Slovinsko MeSH

The purpose of the study is to analyze BMI and the mean values of craniofacial parameters in the patients measured by directed anthropometry (PDAA) and by 3D scan (P3DAS). The aim of the study is to identify the most frequent localization of facial fat. The study sample was recruited from patients attending dental surgeries in Bratislava. Data were collected from November 2013 to February 2016. In the first subgroup patients were analyzed by directed anthropometry (PDAA) (n = 65). In the second subgroup patients were analyzed from 3D scan (P3DAS) (n = 35). The differences in mean values of craniofacial parameters between the P3DAS and the PDAA groups had no significant effect on the evaluation of nose breadth, mouth and lower-lip height in the BMI category (18.6–24.9 kg/m2). We found an association between BMI values and craniofacial parameters. In two study groups with >25.0 kg/m2 higher values were observed in nose breadth, bi-zygomatic breadth, total facial height, mouth breadth and morphologic face height than in the group with 18.6–24.9 kg/m2. In the P3DAS the facial fat was most often localized in the bi-gonial breadth and in the PDAA in the bi-zygomatic breadth.

• MeSH
• antropologie fyzická MeSH
• index tělesné hmotnosti MeSH
• kefalometrie metody   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• obezita MeSH
• obličej anatomie a histologie   MeSH
• zobrazování trojrozměrné MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to determine the diagnostic performance of body mass index (BMI) and to detect the optimal BMI cutoff points to define adiposity in women of various ages. SUBJECTS/METHODS: A total of 2409 women participated. Fat mass was measured using a multifrequency bioelectrical impedance analysis. The diagnostic performance of BMI to identify adiposity was evaluated using a fat mass percentage cutoff point of ⩾35%. RESULTS: Although 40% of women were overfat, the BMI-based obesity prevalence was 21%. In the total sample, BMI had low overall performance, which resulted in a sensitivity of 51.9% (95% confidence interval (CI): 48.7-55.2%) and a specificity of 99.2% (95% CI: 98.7-99.6%). BMI failed to identify overfat women with intermediate BMI ranges. An analysis of the receiver operating characteristic curves of all of the subjects demonstrated that optimal cutoff point corresponded to a BMI value of 26.4 kg/m(2). The diagnostic performance of BMI did not differ as age increased. CONCLUSIONS: BMI has a high specificity but a low sensitivity to detect adiposity, and it fails to identify nearly half of women with excess fat mass. We provide evidence that a commonly used BMI cutoff value to diagnose obesity is too high among women.

• MeSH
• adipozita MeSH
• chybná diagnóza statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• elektrická impedance MeSH
• index tělesné hmotnosti * MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• obezita diagnóza   epidemiologie   MeSH
• prevalence MeSH
• referenční hodnoty MeSH
• ROC křivka MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• senzitivita a specificita MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika epidemiologie   MeSH

Obesity is a complex condition classically characterised by excessive body fat accumulation and represents one of the most important public health problems worldwide. Although several epidemiological studies have shown that elevated BMI is associated with higher morbidity, and with increased rate of death from all causes and from cardiovascular disease, accumulating evidence suggests that being overweight or obese may be protective (the so-called obesity paradox), at least in chronic diseases. These observations, not only question the validity of the BMI system, but also raise the intriguing question of whether we should redefine what the normal range of BMI is in individuals suffering from a chronic disease. In the present article, we review the available information on the association between elevated BMI and increased morbidity and mortality including obesity-related paradoxes, explore key aspects of the role and limitations of BMI as a measure of increased adiposity and outline potential solutions to address the current controversies regarding the impact of obesity on human health.

• MeSH
• analýza přežití MeSH
• index tělesné hmotnosti * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• obezita diagnóza   MeSH
• rizikové faktory MeSH
• složení těla MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH