HISTONES
Dotaz
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- MeSH
- elektroforéza metody MeSH
- histony analýza izolace a purifikace MeSH
- játra MeSH
- křečci praví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- křečci praví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
In sera of 1080 subjects examined in the immunological laboratory as part ofthe examination for the presence of antinuclear antibodies also antibodies against histones (AHA) were assessed.For examination the ELISA method was used. From the group a sub-group of sera from 499 subjects was selected who suffered from some autoimmune disease (AHA positivity in 23 %). The remaining sera (total 581) sent to the laboratory for examination and typing of antinuclear antibodies were included in the group "other diseases" (AHA positivity in 17 %). Comparison of the two groups revealed statistically significant differences (p < 0.01). More detailed comparison ofthe group "other diseases" With the groups of sera from patients with certain autoimmune diseases revealed significant differences in the sera of patients with the diagnosis morphea and systemic lupus erythematosus (in both instances p < 0.05). The percentage of positive sera in different diagnoses was as follows morphea 27 %, systemic scleroderma 20 %, chronic discoid erythematosus 16 %, systemic lupus erythe¬ matosus 25 %, dermatomyositis 27 %, Sjogren's syndrome 38 % (the last two groups were small, therefore the results can serve only for orientation). It must be realized that this list is only a rough estimate as it was not possible to take into account some other important factors (e.g. the stage ofthe disease, effect of treatment). From this it may be concluded, similarly as from data in the literature, that in the initial stage of different diseases the prevalence of AHA very probably will be higher.
- MeSH
- antinukleární protilátky krev MeSH
- autoimunitní nemoci MeSH
- histony krev MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- prevalence MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
We examined the levels and distribution of post-translationally modified histones and protamines in human sperm. Using western blot immunoassay, immunofluorescence, mass spectrometry (MS), and FLIM-FRET approaches, we analyzed the status of histone modifications and the protamine P2. Among individual samples, we observed variability in the levels of H3K9me1, H3K9me2, H3K27me3, H3K36me3, and H3K79me1, but the level of acetylated (ac) histones H4 was relatively stable in the sperm head fractions, as demonstrated by western blot analysis. Sperm heads with lower levels of P2 exhibited lower levels of H3K9ac, H3K9me1, H3K27me3, H3K36me3, and H3K79me1. A very strong correlation was observed between the levels of P2 and H3K9me2. FLIM-FRET analysis additionally revealed that acetylated histones H4 are not only parts of sperm chromatin but also appear in a non-integrated form. Intriguingly, H4ac and H3K27me3 were detected in sperm tail fractions via western blot analysis. An appearance of specific histone H3 and H4 acetylation and H3 methylation in sperm tail fractions was also confirmed by both LC-MS/MS and MALDI-TOF MS analysis. Taken together, these data indicate that particular post-translational modifications of histones are uniquely distributed in human sperm, and this distribution varies among individuals and among the sperm of a single individual.
- MeSH
- acetylace MeSH
- chromatin genetika MeSH
- histonlysin-N-methyltransferasa biosyntéza genetika MeSH
- histony genetika metabolismus MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- metylace MeSH
- posttranslační úpravy proteinů genetika MeSH
- sekvence aminokyselin MeSH
- spermie růst a vývoj metabolismus MeSH
- tandemová hmotnostní spektrometrie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- MeSH
- histony * MeSH
- kuřecí embryo * MeSH
- teratogeny * MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- kuřecí embryo * MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
Histones are positively charged proteins found in the chromatin of eukaryotic cells. They regulate gene expression and are required for the organization and packaging of DNA within the nucleus. Histones are extremely conserved, allowing for transcription, replication, and repair. This review delves into their complex structure and function in DNA assembly, their role in nucleosome assembly, and the higher-order chromatin structures they generate. We look at the five different types of histone proteins: H1, H2A, H2B, H3, H4, and their variations. These histones bind with DNA to produce nucleosomes, the basic units of chromatin that are essential for compacting DNA and controlling its accessibility. Their dynamic control of chromatin accessibility has important implications for genomic stability and cellular activities. We elucidate regulatory mechanisms in both normal and pathological situations by investigating their structural features, diverse interaction mechanisms, and chromatin impact. In addition, we discuss the functions of histone post-translational modifications (PTMs) and their significance in various disorders. These alterations, which include methylation, acetylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination, are crucial in regulating histone function and chromatin dynamics. We specifically describe and explore the role of changed histones in the evolution of cancer, neurological disorders, sepsis, autoimmune illnesses, and inflammatory conditions. This comprehensive review emphasizes histone's critical role in genomic integrity and their potential as therapeutic targets in various diseases.
- MeSH
- chromatin metabolismus genetika chemie MeSH
- DNA * metabolismus chemie MeSH
- genom MeSH
- histony * metabolismus chemie genetika MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nádory genetika metabolismus MeSH
- posttranslační úpravy proteinů MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
