Závažným zdravotním problémem rozvinutých zemí jsou chronická neinfekční onemocnění, na jejichž komplexní etiologii se významně podílí životní styl. Ovlivnění chování formujícího životní styl má proto velký preventivní potenciál. Kognitivní teorie a modely chování ozřejmují psychologické faktory participující na behaviorální změně a umožňují vytváření efektivních preventivních strategií, které jsou v souladu s bio-psycho-sociálním pojetím zdraví a nemoci. Behaviorální intervence se uplatňují v primární i sekundární prevenci, mají efekt na individuální a populační úrovni, zvyšují kvalitu života a snižují náklady na zdravotní péči. Chování směřující ke zdraví a způsoby jeho ovlivnění mají věková specifika.

Chronic non-infectious diseases are a major health problem in the developed countries. Lifestyle plays an important role in their complex aetiology. Affecting the behaviour forming the lifestyle therefore has a strong preventive potential. Cognitive theories and behavioural models illustrate psychological factors participating in the behavioural change and enable to create effective preventive strategies that are consistent with the bio-psycho-social concept of health and disease. Behavioural interventions are used in both primary and secondary prevention, have effects on the individual and population levels, enhance the quality of life and reduce healthcare costs. Health behaviour and ways of affecting this behaviour are age specific.

• MeSH
• Risk Reduction Behavior MeSH
• Child MeSH
• Adult MeSH
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Adolescent MeSH
• Motivation MeSH
• Health Promotion MeSH
• Counseling MeSH
• Attitude to Health * MeSH
• Primary Prevention MeSH
• Healthy People Programs MeSH
• Aged MeSH
• Age Factors MeSH
• Patient Education as Topic * MeSH
• Health Behavior * MeSH
• Health Education MeSH
• Life Style MeSH
• Life Change Events MeSH
• Check Tag
• Child MeSH
• Adult MeSH
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Adolescent MeSH
• Aged MeSH
• Publication type
• Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
• Review MeSH

Cíl šetření: Zjistit subjektivně vnímaný zdravotní stav a psychosomatické obtíže u reprezentativního vzorku českých dětí a porovnat sledované proměnné ve vztahu k místu bydliště, pohlaví a věku dětí. Výzkumný vzorek a metodika: Cílovou populací pro výzkum byly děti ve věku 11, 13 a 15 let. V sledovaném souboru bylo 4 782 dětí. Data byla získána v rámci studie WHO „The Health Behaviour in School-Aged Children: A WHO Cross-National Study“ (HBSC), v květnu roku 2006 prostřednictvím standardizovaného dotazníku. Výsledky: Téměř 90 % českých dětí hodnotilo svůj zdravotní stav jako vynikající a dobrý. Více než desetina dětí vnímala zdravotní stav jako ne moc dobrý a špatný. Byla prokázána statisticky významná souvislost mezi subjektivním hodnocením zdravotního stavu a pohlavím dětí. Dívky hodnotily svůj zdravotní stav hůře než chlapci. Neprokázali jsme statisticky významnou souvislost mezi hodnocením zdravotního stavu, věkem dětí a místem bydliště. Častěji si děti stěžovaly na obtíže psychické než somatické. Indexy psychických, somatických i celkových obtíží u dětí od roku 2002 vzrostly v průměru o 0,1 až 1,0.

The aim of the study: Determine subjectively perceived health status and psychosomatic problems in a representative sample of Czech children and to compare monitored variables with respect to the children's place of residence, gender, and age. Study sample and methods: The target population for this study included children aged 11, 13, and 15 years. The monitored cohort consisted of 4.782 children. Data were obtained in May 2006 using a standardized questionnaire within a WHO study called “The Health Behaviour in School-Aged Children: A WHO Cross-National Study“(HBSC). Results: Almost 90 % of Czech children rated their health status as excellent or good. More than one tenth of the children perceived their health status as not very good or as poor. The relationship between subjective evaluation of the children's health status and gender was found to be statistically significant. Girls evaluated their health status more negatively than boys. We did not find a statistically significant relationship between the children's evaluation of their health status, age, and place of residency. The children complained about psychological problems more frequently than about somatic ones. Since 2002, the Indices of psychological, somatic, and global problems in children have increased, on average, by 0.1 to 1.0.

• MeSH
• Child MeSH
• Epidemiologic Methods MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Adolescent MeSH
• Surveys and Questionnaires utilization   MeSH
• Psychophysiologic Disorders diagnosis   epidemiology   etiology   MeSH
• Statistics as Topic methods   standards   MeSH
• Health MeSH
• Health Status MeSH
• Check Tag
• Child MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Adolescent MeSH
• Geographicals
• Czech Republic MeSH

Consumption of energy drinks has become popular and frequent among adolescents across Europe. Previous research showed that regular consumption of these drinks was associated with several health and behavioural problems. The aim of the present study was to determine the socio-demographic groups at risk for regular energy drink consumption and to explore the association of regular energy drinks consumption with health and behavioural problems and negative school experiences in adolescents. Data from the Health Behaviour in School-aged Children Study conducted in 2014 in Slovakia were analysed. We assessed socio-demographic characteristics, energy drink consumption, health and behavioural problems and negative school experiences based on self-reports from 8977 adolescents aged 11-15 years (mean age/standard deviation 13/1.33; 50.0% boys). The prevalence of regular energy drink consumption in the present sample was 20.6% (95%CI: 20%-21%). Regular energy drink consumption was more frequent among boys and older adolescents. Adolescents with a medium-level family affluence were less likely to drink energy drinks regularly. Adolescents who consumed energy drinks regularly had more health and behavioural problems and negative school experiences. CONCLUSION: Adolescents drinking energy drinks are at risk of a wide range of negative outcomes and should be specifically addressed by preventive interventions. What is Known • Energy drink consumption has become popular and frequent among adolescents across Europe. • There is growing evidence that energy drink consumption is related to negative social, emotional and health outcomes, but only a few studies have explored this relationship in adolescents. What is New • Regular energy drink consumption was more frequent among boys and adolescents reporting low family affluence and increased with age. • Adolescents reporting regular energy drink consumption were in higher risk to suffer from health and behavioural problems and negative school experiences.

• MeSH
• Adolescent Behavior psychology   MeSH
• Mental Disorders * etiology   MeSH
• Energy Drinks adverse effects   statistics & numerical data   MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Adolescent MeSH
• Cross-Sectional Studies MeSH
• Surveys and Questionnaires MeSH
• Risk-Taking MeSH
• Risk MeSH
• Schools MeSH
• Adolescent Health statistics & numerical data   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Adolescent MeSH
• Male MeSH
• Female MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Geographicals
• Slovakia MeSH

Hildegard E. Peplau bola americká odborníčka z oblasti ošetrovateľstva, ktorá kládla dôraz na interpersonálne vzťahy medzi sestrou a pacientom. Rómovia sú špecifickou etnickou skupinou. Ošetrovateľský prístup k nim vyžaduje znalosť ich spôsobu života, rešpektovať ich etnické odlišnosti. Sesterská diagnóza – Deficit vedomostí 00126, vyžaduje od sestry také psychoterapeutické aktivity, ktoré pomôžu pacientovi odstrániť dysfunkčné správanie, chápať príčiny a následky takého správania. Klasifikačný systém ošetrovateľských činností NIC – Nursing Interventions Classification a klasifikačný systém výsledkov ošetrovateľstva NOC – Nursing Outcomes Classification prinášajú vyššiu formu dokumentovania ošetrovateľského procesu. Cieľom práce bolo aplikovať ošetrovateľský model H. E. Peplau u rómskych pacientov. Základnou metódou práce bol kváziexperiment. Výsledky výskumu potvrdili správnosť pracovných hypotéz. Zistili sme, že u všetkých n = 50 pacientov sa zvýšili zdravotné vedomosti. V prvom meraní bola priemerná hodnota Likertovej stupnice NOC 1,96, kým v druhom meraní 2,91. Analýzou sesterskej dokumentácie sa potvrdilo, že použitím vybraného súboru z NIC sa zjednotili a sprehľadnili ošetrovateľské činnosti, použitím vybraného súboru z NOC bolo vyhodnotenie výsledných kritérií jednotné a objektívne.

Hildegard E. Peplau was an American expert in the field of nursing, who emphasized importance of interpersonal relationships between nurses and patients. Romany people are a specific ethnic group. The attitude to taking nursing care of these people calls for knowledge of their way of life with respecting their ethnic differences. Diagnosis by nurse – Deficiency of knowledge 00126 also requires from the nurse psychotherapeutic activities, which will help the patient to avoid dysfunctional behaviour and to understand causes and consequences of this behaviour. The classification system of nursing activities NIC – Nursing Interventions Classification and the classification system of results of nursing NOC – Nursing Outcomes Classification offer a higher form of documenting the nursing process. The purpose of the present work was to use the nursing model by H. E. Peplau in Romany patients. Quasi-experiment was the principal method of the work. Research results supported the appropriateness of working hypotheses. We found that in all the n = 50 patients, knowledge concerning the health problems were enhanced. In the first measurement, the average values of the NOC Likert scale was of 1.96 and in the second measurement, it was of 2.91. Through the analysis of the documentation provided by nurses it was demonstrated that by the use of a group selected from the NIC, nursing activities were unified and made more comprehensive and by the use of a group selected from the NOC, uniform and objective evaluation of resulting criteria was achieved.

• MeSH
• Patient Acceptance of Health Care ethnology   psychology   statistics & numerical data   MeSH
• Attitude to Health MeSH
• Roma ethnology   psychology   statistics & numerical data   MeSH
• Nurse-Patient Relations ethics   MeSH
• Focus Groups MeSH

OBJECTIVES: The aim was to explore the associations of family composition, family support and communication with emotional and behavioural problems among adolescents as well as a possible moderating effect of gender on these associations. METHODS: Data from the Health Behaviour in School-aged Children study conducted in 2014 in Slovakia were used. The final sample consisted of 2908 students (mean age 14.36; 49.7% boys). We explored the association using generalized linear models. RESULTS: We found that non-intact family was significantly associated with a higher score in emotional and behavioural problems. Family support and communication were found to be significantly associated with a lower score in emotional and behavioural problems. Significant interactions of gender and family communication with emotional and behavioural problems were found, showing that family communication decreased emotional and behavioural problems only in girls. CONCLUSIONS: Family composition, family support and communication play an important role in the occurrence of emotional and behavioural problems in adolescence. Family communication lowers these problems only in girls. Prevention and intervention programmes could be focused on parent-child communication strategies with the importance of differences in the needs of boys and girls.

• MeSH
• Family Characteristics * MeSH
• Adolescent Behavior psychology   MeSH
• Communication MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Adolescent MeSH
• Problem Behavior psychology   MeSH
• Students psychology   MeSH
• Parent-Child Relations * MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Adolescent MeSH
• Male MeSH
• Female MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Geographicals
• Slovakia MeSH

BACKGROUND: Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and poor family support and communication can increase emotional and behavioural problems (EBP). Therefore, we assessed the association of difficult communication with mother and with father separately with both emotional and behavioural problems (EBP), and whether adolescents' communication with mother and with father moderates the association of adverse childhood experiences (ACE) with the EBP of adolescents. METHODS: We used data from the Health Behaviour in School-aged Children study conducted in 2018 in Slovakia, comprising 5202 adolescents aged from 11 to 15 (mean age 13.53; 49.3% boys). EBP were measured using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. We used generalized linear regression adjusted for age, gender and family affluence to explore the modification of the associations between ACE and EBP by communication (easy vs. difficult communication) with mother and father. RESULTS: Difficult communication or a complete lack of communication due to the absence of mother and father increased the probability of emotional (exp (b): 0.96, 95% CI: 0.92|1.00; and 0.95, 95% CI: 0.91|0.99, respectively) and also of behavioural problems (exp (b): 0.96, 95% CI: 0.92|1.00; and 0.94, 95% CI: 0.90|0.97, respectively). We found a statistically significant interaction of communication with father on the association of ACE with EBP, showing that the joint effects were less than multiplicative. CONCLUSION: Difficult communication with mother and father is related to EBP among adolescents, and adolescents' communication with father moderates the association of ACE with both emotional and behavioural problems among adolescents.

• MeSH
• Adolescent Behavior * MeSH
• Child MeSH
• Mental Disorders etiology   MeSH
• Emotions * MeSH
• Communication * MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Adolescent MeSH
• Adverse Childhood Experiences * psychology   statistics & numerical data   MeSH
• Fathers MeSH
• Problem Behavior * psychology   MeSH
• Parents * MeSH
• Parent-Child Relations * MeSH
• Check Tag
• Child MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Adolescent MeSH
• Male MeSH
• Female MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Geographicals
• Slovakia MeSH

• MeSH
• Mental Disorders classification   diagnosis   MeSH
• Conduct Disorder classification   diagnosis   MeSH

• Conspectus
• Psychiatrie
• NML Fields
• psychiatrie
• psychologie, klinická psychologie
• diagnostika
• NML Publication type
• publikace WHO

• MeSH
• Behavior MeSH
• Mental Health MeSH
• Cardiovascular Diseases MeSH
• Coronary Disease MeSH
• Social Problems MeSH

Many physical and psychological characteristics are influenced by prenatal development. Some studies have located links between low birth parameters and behavioural problems, with the latter in turn associated with educational progress, career success, overall health, and subsequent life events. However, few studies have investigated whether this association also applies to children in the normal birth growth range. This study thus investigates the relationship between normal-range birth length, weight, and behavioural problems at the age of seven. We use data from the Czech part of the European Longitudinal Study of Pregnancy and Childhood (ELSPAC) cohort, which provides comprehensive insight into a post-communist country undergoing a period of economic transition. Childhood behavioural problems were measured in 1,796 children using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. Associations were modelled using weighted logistic regression. Birth weight was found to be linked to the total difficulties score, hyperactivity, and peer relationship problems subscales in a fully adjusted model while birth length was not significantly associated with any subscale in the fully adjusted model. We thus conclude that normal-range birth weight is associated with behavioural problems. It can therefore be assumed that the odds of behavioural problems and their consequences can be mitigated by preventive programs targeting pregnant women and children with lower but still normal weight.

• MeSH
• Child MeSH
• Adult MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Longitudinal Studies MeSH
• Birth Weight * MeSH
• Problem Behavior * MeSH
• Educational Status MeSH
• Pregnancy MeSH
• Check Tag
• Child MeSH
• Adult MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Male MeSH
• Pregnancy MeSH
• Female MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH

BACKGROUND: Emotional and behavioural problems (EBP) are the most common mental health issues during adolescence, and their incidence has increased in recent years. The system of care for adolescents with EBP is known to have several problems, making the provision of care less than optimal, and attention needs to be given to potential improvements. We, therefore, aimed to examine what needs to be done to improve the system of care for adolescents with EBP and to assess the urgency and feasibility of the proposed measures from the perspective of care providers. METHODS: We used Concept mapping, a participatory mixed-method research, based on qualitative data collection and quantitative data analysis. A total of 33 stakeholders from 17 institutions participated in our study, including psychologists, pedagogues for children with special needs, teachers, educational counsellors, social workers and child psychiatrists. RESULTS: Respondents identified 43 ideas for improving of the system of care for adolescents with EBP grouped into 5 clusters related to increasing the competencies of care providers, changes at schools and school systems, support for existing services, transparency of the care system in institutions and public administration, and the adjustment of legislative conditions. The most urgent and feasible proposals were related to the support of awareness-raising activities on the topic of EBP, the creation of effective screening tools for the identification of EBP in adolescents, strengthening the role of parents in the process of care, comprehensive work with the family, creation of multidisciplinary support teams and intersectoral cooperation. CONCLUSIONS: Measures which are more accessible and responsive to the pitfalls of the care system, together with those strengthening the role of families and schools, have greater potential for improvements which are in favour of adolescents with EBP. Care providers should be invited more often and much more involved in the discussion and the co-creation of measures to improve the system of care for adolescents with EBP.

• MeSH
• Child MeSH
• Emotions MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Adolescent MeSH
• Problem Behavior * psychology   MeSH
• Parents psychology   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Child MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Adolescent MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH