... DOPORUČENÁ LITERATURA 108 -- 8 2 ...
108 stran : ilustrace ; 20 cm
Publikace představuje teoretický základ v oblasti plavecké přípravy lidí, kteří se podílejí na střežení lidských životů ve vodě.
- MeSH
- Swimming MeSH
- Accident Prevention MeSH
- Drowning prevention & control MeSH
- Publication type
- Handbook MeSH
- Conspectus
- Úrazy a jejich prevence
- NML Fields
- veřejné zdravotnictví
- urgentní lékařství
66 s.
An overview on the long-term information exchange and co-operation between Austria and the Czech Republic in the field of radiation emergency preparedness and evaluation of radiological consequences of NPP accidents is provided. Initiated by the 'Melk Protocol' between the Czech and Austrian governments in December 2000 and its follow-up activities, the information exchange and co-operation between the Czech Republic and Austria in the field of radiation-emergency preparedness have been extended. Among others, a Working Group to compare radiological consequences of Beyond Design Basis Accident with a detailed inter-comparison program concerning atmospheric dispersion models, dose assessment methods and counter- measures was established. Based on this experience, an area for future co-operation in the field of emergency preparedness and information exchange between the Czech Republic and Austria is discussed.
- MeSH
- Radiation Dosage MeSH
- Power Plants MeSH
- Risk Assessment methods MeSH
- International Cooperation MeSH
- Environmental Monitoring methods MeSH
- Emergencies MeSH
- Radiation Protection methods MeSH
- Radiometry methods MeSH
- Safety Management methods organization & administration MeSH
- Risk Factors MeSH
- Decision Support Systems, Management organization & administration MeSH
- Radioactive Hazard Release * MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Geographicals
- Czech Republic MeSH
- Austria MeSH
The goal of combined pharmacological approaches in the treatment of the acute radiation syndrome (ARS) is to obtain an effective therapy producing a minimum of undesirable side effects. This review summarizes important data from studies evaluating the efficacy of combining radioprotective agents developed for administration prior to irradiation and therapeutic agents administered in a post-irradiation treatment regimen. Many of the evaluated results show additivity, or even synergism, of the combined treatments in comparison with the effects of the individual component administrations. It can be deduced from these findings that the research in which combined treatments with radioprotectors/radiomitigators are explored, tested, and evaluated is well-founded. The requirement for studies highly emphasizing the need to minimize undesirable side effects of the radioprotective/radiomitigating therapies is stressed.
- MeSH
- Acute Radiation Syndrome drug therapy metabolism physiopathology prevention & control MeSH
- Amifostine therapeutic use MeSH
- Dinoprostone therapeutic use MeSH
- Radiation Injuries, Experimental drug therapy metabolism physiopathology MeSH
- Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor therapeutic use MeSH
- Drug Combinations MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Metformin therapeutic use MeSH
- Misoprostol therapeutic use MeSH
- Radiation-Protective Agents therapeutic use MeSH
- Drug Administration Schedule MeSH
- Drug Synergism MeSH
- Vitamin E therapeutic use MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Review MeSH
The role of the adenosine A3 receptor in hematopoiesis was studied using adenosine A3 receptor knockout (A3AR KO) mice. Hematological parameters of peripheral blood and femoral bone marrow of irradiated and untreated A3AR KO mice and their wild-type (WT) counterparts were investigated. Irradiation of the mice served as a defined hematopoiesis-damaging means enabling us to evaluate contingent differences in the pattern of experimentally induced hematopoietic suppression between the A3AR KO mice and WT mice. Defects were observed in the counts and/or functional parameters of blood cells in the A3AR KO mice. These defects include statistically significantly lower values of blood neutrophil and monocyte counts, as well as those of mean erythrocyte volume, mean erythrocyte hemoglobin, blood platelet counts, mean platelet volume, and plateletcrit, and can be considered to bear evidence of the lack of a positive role played by the adenosine A3 receptor in the hematopoietic system. Statistically significantly increased values of the bone marrow parameters studied in A3AR KO mice (femoral bone marrow cellularity, granulocyte/macrophage progenitor cells, and erythrocyte progenitor cells) can probably be explained by compensatory mechanisms attempting to offset the disorders in the function of blood elements in these mice. The pattern of the radiation-induced hematopoietic suppression was very similar in A3AR KO mice and their WT counterparts.
- MeSH
- Hematopoietic Stem Cells metabolism MeSH
- Hematopoiesis physiology MeSH
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear metabolism MeSH
- Mice, Inbred C57BL MeSH
- Mice, Knockout MeSH
- Mice MeSH
- Receptor, Adenosine A3 deficiency MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Check Tag
- Mice MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
This article concisely summarizes data on the action of one of the principal and best known growth factors, the granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), in a mammalian organism exposed to radiation doses inducing acute radiation syndrome. Highlighted are the topics of its real or anticipated use in radiation accident victims, the timing of its administration, the possibilities of combining G-CSF with other drugs, the ability of other agents to stimulate endogenous G-CSF production, as well as of the capability of this growth factor to ameliorate not only the bone marrow radiation syndrome but also the gastrointestinal radiation syndrome. G-CSF is one of the pivotal drugs in the treatment of radiation accident victims and its employment in this indication can be expected to remain or even grow in the future.
- MeSH
- Acute Radiation Syndrome drug therapy pathology MeSH
- Time Factors MeSH
- Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor biosynthesis therapeutic use MeSH
- Interleukin-3 therapeutic use MeSH
- Drug Therapy, Combination MeSH
- Bone Marrow pathology radiation effects MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Membrane Proteins therapeutic use MeSH
- Recombinant Proteins therapeutic use MeSH
- Drug Administration Schedule MeSH
- Stem Cell Factor therapeutic use MeSH
- Thrombopoietin therapeutic use MeSH
- Radioactive Hazard Release MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
- Review MeSH
There exists a requirement for drugs which would be useful in therapy of an acute radiation damage of a mammalian organism. The aim of the study was to evaluate survival parameters in mice exposed to a lethal γ-ray dose of 8.5 Gy and treated with single doses of an adenosine A(3) receptor agonist, IB-MECA, or a cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor, meloxicam, administered alone or in a combination early after irradiation, i.e., 0.5 and 1 h post-irradiation, respectively. The assessed parameters were the mean survival time (MST) and the cumulative percentage 30-day survival (CPS). Administrations of single intraperitoneal doses of either IB-MECA 0.5 h post-irradiation or meloxicam 1 h post-irradiation resulted in statistically significant increases of MST in comparison with the control irradiated mice. Combined administration of IB-MECA and meloxicam was found to be the only treatment statistically enhancing the parameter of CPS and to lead to the most expressive increase in MST of the experimental mice. The findings add new knowledge on the action of an adenosine A3 receptor agonist and a COX-2 inhibitor in an irradiated mammalian organism and suggest the potential of both the investigated drugs in the treatment of the acute radiation damage.
- MeSH
- Adenosine analogs & derivatives pharmacology MeSH
- Adenosine A3 Receptor Agonists pharmacology MeSH
- Time Factors MeSH
- Whole-Body Irradiation adverse effects MeSH
- Cyclooxygenase 2 metabolism MeSH
- Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors pharmacology MeSH
- Drug Interactions MeSH
- Survival Rate MeSH
- Mice MeSH
- Radiation-Protective Agents pharmacology MeSH
- Receptor, Adenosine A3 metabolism MeSH
- Thiazines pharmacology MeSH
- Thiazoles pharmacology MeSH
- Gamma Rays adverse effects MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Check Tag
- Male MeSH
- Mice MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
Adenosine A3 receptor knockout (A3AR KO) mice and their wild-type (WT) counterparts were compared from the point of view of their abilities to survive exposures to lethal doses of γ-radiation belonging to the range of radiation doses inducing the bone marrow acute radiation syndrome. Parameters of cumulative 30-day survival (experiment using a midlethal radiation dose) or cumulative 11-day survival (experiment using an absolutely lethal radiation dose), and of mean survival time were evaluated. The values of A3AR KO mice always reflected their higher survival in comparison with WT ones, the P values being above the limit for statistical significance after the midlethal radiation dose and standing for statistical significance after the absolutely lethal radiation dose. This finding was considered surprising, taking into account the previously obtained findings on defects in numbers and functional properties of peripheral blood cells in A3AR KO mice. Therefore, previous hematological analyses of A3AR KO mice were supplemented in the present studies with determination of serum levels of the granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, erythropoietin, and thrombopoietin. Though distinct differences in these parameters were observed between A3AR KO and WT mice, none of them could explain the relatively high postirradiation survival of A3AR KO mice. Further studies on these mice comprising also those on other than hemopoietic tissues and organs can help to clarify their relative radioresistance.
This study continues our earlier findings on the hematopoiesis-modulating effects of adenosine A1 and A3 receptor agonists that were performed on committed hematopoietic progenitor and precursor cell populations. In the earlier experiments, N (6)-cyclopentyladenosine (CPA), an adenosine A1 receptor agonist, was found to inhibit proliferation in the above-mentioned hematopoietic cell systems, whereas N (6)-(3-iodobenzyl)adenosine-5'-N-methyluronamide (IB-MECA), an adenosine A3 receptor agonist, was found to stimulate it. The topic of this study was to evaluate the possibility that the above-mentioned adenosine receptor agonists modulate the behavior of early hematopoietic progenitor cells and hematopoietic stem cells. Flow cytometric analysis of hematopoietic stem cells in mice was employed, as well as a functional test of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs). These techniques enabled us to study the effect of the agonists on both short-term repopulating ability and long-term repopulating ability, representing multipotent progenitors and hematopoietic stem cells, respectively. In a series of studies, we did not find any significant effect of adenosine agonists on HSPCs in terms of their numbers, proliferation, or functional activity. Thus, it can be concluded that CPA and IB-MECA do not significantly influence the primitive hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell pool and that the hematopoiesis-modulating action of these adenosine receptor agonists is restricted to more mature compartments of hematopoietic progenitor and precursor cells.
- MeSH
- Purinergic P1 Receptor Agonists pharmacology MeSH
- Hematopoietic Stem Cells drug effects physiology MeSH
- Hematopoiesis drug effects physiology MeSH
- Multipotent Stem Cells drug effects physiology MeSH
- Mice, Inbred C57BL MeSH
- Mice MeSH
- Flow Cytometry MeSH
- Receptor, Adenosine A1 metabolism MeSH
- Receptor, Adenosine A3 metabolism MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Check Tag
- Mice MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
