In functional arterial studies using wire myography, the determination of a vessel's standardized normalization factor (factor k) is an essential step to ensure optimal contraction and relaxation by the arteries when stimulated with their respective vasoactive agents and to obtain reproducible results. The optimal factor k for several arteries have been determined, however, the optimal initial tension and factor k for the arteries involved in erection remains unknown. Hence, in the present study we set out to determine the optimal factor k for the internal iliac artery, proximal and distal internal pudendal artery (IPA), and dorsal penile artery. After isolating, harvesting, and mounting the arteries from male Sprague-Dawley rats on a multi wire myograph, we tested arterial responsivity to high K+-stimulation when the factor k was set at 0.7, 0.8, 0.85, 0.9, 0.95, 1.0, 1.1, and 1.2 to determine the factor k setting that results in the greatest K+-induced active force production for each vessel type. The data showed the optimal factor k is 0.90-0.95 for the dorsal penile, distal internal pudendal and internal iliac arteries while it is 0.85-0.90 for proximal internal pudendal artery. These optimal values corresponded to initial passive tension settings of 1.10±0.16 - 1.46±0.23, 1.28±0.20 - 1.69±0.34, 1.03±0.27 - 1.33±0.31, and 1.33±0.31 - 1.77±0.43 mN/mm for the dorsal penile, distal IP, proximal IP, and internal iliac arteries, respectively.
- MeSH
- Iliac Artery physiology MeSH
- Rats MeSH
- Myography * MeSH
- Penis blood supply MeSH
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley MeSH
- Reference Values MeSH
- Reference Standards MeSH
- In Vitro Techniques MeSH
- Vasodilation MeSH
- Vasoconstriction MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Check Tag
- Rats MeSH
- Male MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Evaluation Study MeSH
The growth rate is a fundamental characteristic of bacterial species, determining its contributions to the microbial community and carbon flow. High-throughput sequencing can reveal bacterial diversity, but its quantitative inaccuracy precludes estimation of abundances and growth rates from the read numbers. Here, we overcame this limitation by normalizing Illumina-derived amplicon reads using an internal standard: a constant amount of Escherichia coli cells added to samples just before biomass collection. This approach made it possible to reconstruct growth curves for 319 individual OTUs during the grazer-removal experiment conducted in a freshwater reservoir Římov. The high resolution data signalize significant functional heterogeneity inside the commonly investigated bacterial groups. For instance, many Actinobacterial phylotypes, a group considered to harbor slow-growing defense specialists, grew rapidly upon grazers' removal, demonstrating their considerable importance in carbon flow through food webs, while most Verrucomicrobial phylotypes were particle associated. Such differences indicate distinct life strategies and roles in food webs of specific bacterial phylotypes and groups. The impact of grazers on the specific growth rate distributions supports the hypothesis that bacterivory reduces competition and allows existence of diverse bacterial communities. It suggests that the community changes were driven mainly by abundant, fast, or moderately growing, and not by rare fast growing, phylotypes. We believe amplicon read normalization using internal standard (ARNIS) can shed new light on in situ growth dynamics of both abundant and rare bacteria.
- MeSH
- Bacteria genetics growth & development MeSH
- Microbiota MeSH
- Food Chain MeSH
- Reference Standards MeSH
- Sequence Analysis, DNA standards MeSH
- Fresh Water microbiology MeSH
- High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing standards MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
Wire myograph is a device for the in vitro investigation of both, active and passive properties of arteries. Arteries from a variety of animal species, pathological states, and vascular beds were investigated using this method. We focus on the normalization procedure which is aimed to standardize experimental settings and, in part, to simulate physiological conditions. During normalization, it is determined the internal circumference of a vessel stretched to a tension that corresponds to the transmural pressure of 100 mm Hg (IC100). Once it is determined, the internal circumference is traditionally set to (0.9·IC100). However, this constant 0.9, called also the normalization factor (NF), was experimentally determined for rat small mesenteric arteries only. Therefore, the aim of our work was to show the influence of different NFs on the passive tension and reactivity of both, rat femoral arteries (FA) and the first branches of superior mesenteric arteries (MA). We found out that the maximal active wall tension of the FA was achieved at the NF value of 1.1, and that of the MA at 0.9. Considering the values of the active wall tension we suggest that higher reactivity and better signal-tonoise ratio in FA can be achieved when the NF is set at least to 1.0.
Ve sdělení je popsán případ 21 letého nemocného, který utrpěl poranění vnitřní karotidy nárazem na konec kovové tyče. Poranění vedlo ke vzniku subadventiciální ruptúry karotidy a k její následné trombóze. Nemocný byl prijat na kliniku 12 hodin po vzniku bezvědomí. CT vyšetřem mozku neprokázalo malacii. Nemocný byl operován - byla provedena resekce poraněného úseku karotidy, karotická trombektomie a rekonstrukce tepny. Po operaci došlo k rychlému zlepšení a postupné normalizaci zdravotního stavu nemocného.
The author describes the case of a 21-year-old patient who contracted an injury of the internal carotid by colhsion with the tip of a metal rod. The injury led to the development of a subadventitial rupture of the carotid artery and its subsequent thrombosis. The patient was admitted to the Clinic 12 hours after he lost consciousness. CT examination of the brain did not reveal malacia. The patient was operated - resection of the injured portion of the carotid artery was performed, carotid thrombectomy and reconstruction of the artery. After surgery the patient improved rapidly and gradually his condition returned to normal.
Internal normalization (IN) serves as a quantitative tool in gas chromatography. Nevertheless, its utilization in liquid chromatography is not widely employed, as several requirements need to be taken into account. However, IN can be used in case of relative amounts estimation when the absolute concentration is not the crucial factor. This suits very well in pharmaceutical analysis when the relative amount of active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) impurities is to be estimated with a limited knowledge of statistics, such as t-test and linear regression. The determination of three prasugrel impurities in the real sample by means of IN and the comparison of these results with external standard calibration was presented. The IN method was validated by test of population means and variances agreement and the agreement of external calibration and IN was performed by Student t-test. The influence of impurities concentration above and below is also discussed as well as the validation parameters, LOD and LOQ. It was found that the results achieved by external calibration and IN are statistically the same and, therefore, IN is a proper method for relative amount estimation of API impurities.
- MeSH
- Chemistry, Pharmaceutical standards MeSH
- Calibration MeSH
- Hydrogen-Ion Concentration MeSH
- Pharmaceutical Preparations chemistry MeSH
- Limit of Detection MeSH
- Prasugrel Hydrochloride analysis MeSH
- Reproducibility of Results MeSH
- Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid methods standards MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Validation Study MeSH
The study examines the development of psychology in former Czechoslovakia during the period of "normalization" (1968-1989) and the challenges it faced under the communist regime. The restricted connection to Western psychology and the regime's control over all aspects of human activity negatively influenced the continuity of development in psychology. The regime demanded conformity, leaving individuals, including psychologists, in recurring states of internal conflict and intellectual discomfort when deciding how much to compromise in their personal and professional lives. The study identifies three groups of psychologists based on their adaptability to regime demands. The first group consists of those who aligned themselves with the regime, allowing them to hold positions of leadership and shape the conceptualization of the field. The second group comprises individuals who actively opposed the regime, facing significant limitations in their educational and career opportunities, and mostly being forced to leave the profession. The third group of psychologists belongs to the apolitical gray zone. A significant portion of individuals in this largest group passively complied with established norms and constraints, accepting the restrictions imposed on the development of Czechoslovak psychology. Fortunately, thanks to the persistent efforts of the proactive members of the gray zone and their willingness to endure significant discomfort, an even deeper decline of psychology during the normalization period was prevented. The study provides insights into the topics of education, research, Western influences, and adaptation to the communist regime within Czechoslovak psychology, illuminating the intricacies of living in that historical period. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).
- MeSH
- History, 20th Century MeSH
- Individuality * MeSH
- Communism history MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Psychology * history MeSH
- Social Conformity MeSH
- Check Tag
- History, 20th Century MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Historical Article MeSH
- Geographicals
- Czechoslovakia MeSH
... EXAMPLE OF A NORMAL PHYSICAL EXAMINATION 73 ...
Učební texty Univerzity Karlovy v Praze
2nd, rev. ed. 75 s. : il. ; 21 cm
- Conspectus
- Patologie. Klinická medicína
- Učební osnovy. Vyučovací předměty. Učebnice
- NML Fields
- vnitřní lékařství
- pedagogika
- NML Publication type
- učebnice vysokých škol
... examination - Case 2 19 -- Entrance examination - Case 3 21 -- Overview of main symptoms of important internal ... ... Examination of the heart 80 -- Inspection 80 -- Percussion 81 -- Palpation 81 -- Auscultation 82 -- Normal ...
Vyd. 1. 118 s. : il. ; 20 cm + 1 CD-ROM
- MeSH
- Medical History Taking MeSH
- Diagnosis MeSH
- Clinical Medicine MeSH
- Patients MeSH
- Education, Premedical methods MeSH
- Therapeutics MeSH
- Conspectus
- Patologie. Klinická medicína
- Učební osnovy. Vyučovací předměty. Učebnice
- NML Fields
- lékařství
- NML Publication type
- učebnice vysokých škol
