Dne 16. 2. 2024 Evropské středisko pro prevenci a kontrolu nemocí (European Center for Disease Prevention and Control, ECDC) vydalo dokument „Stručné hodnocení hrozeb: Spalničky na vzestupu v EU/EHP – s ohledem na veřejné zdraví“ (Threat assessment brief: Measles on the rise in the EU/EEA – Considerations for public health response). V roce 2023 byl celosvětově pozorován významný nárůst počtu případů a epidemií spalniček, z toho ve 40 z 53 zemí evropského regionu WHO a nejméně v deseti zemích Evropské unie/Evropského hospodářského prostoru (EU/ EHP). Očekává se, že počet případů spalniček bude v EU/EHP v nadcházejících měsících nadále narůstat kvůli suboptimální proočkovanosti vakcínou proti spalničkám (measles containing vaccine – MCV) v řadě zemí EU/ EHP, vysoké pravděpodobnosti zavlečení (importu) onemocnění z oblastí (zemí) s vysokou cirkulací viru spalniček a skutečností, že nadcházející měsíce představují vrchol sezónního výskytu spalniček.

On 16 February 2024, the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) issued a document “Threat assessment brief: Measles on the rise in the EU/EEA – Considerations for public health response”. In 2023, significant increases in the number of measles cases and outbreaks were observed globally, including in 40 of the 53 countries of the WHO European region, and in at least ten European Union/European Economic Area (EU/EEA) countries. Measles cases are expected to continue increasing in the EU/EEA in the coming months due to sub-optimal vaccination coverage for measles containing vaccines (MCV) in a number of EU/EEA countries, the high probability of importation from areas experiencing high circulation and the fact that the coming months represent the seasonal peak of the virus.

• MeSH
• Risk Assessment MeSH
• Incidence MeSH
• Communicable Disease Control MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Measles * epidemiology   prevention & control   MeSH
• Measles-Mumps-Rubella Vaccine MeSH
• Vaccination MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Publication type
• Review MeSH

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: In a highly vaccinated population, an increasing number of previously vaccinated measles cases can be expected. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of vaccination on the clinical course and immune response in relation to the current measles case definition. METHODS: The presence of fever, catarrhal symptoms, exanthema and complications, and specific IgM and IgG positivity were assessed in all 230 patients and compared in 193 patients with known vaccination status, divided into measles-containing vaccine (MCV) groups: MCV0 (85 patients), MCV1 (25 patients) and MCV2 (83 patients). RESULTS: Statistically significant differences between groups were found for catarrhal symptoms. Conjunctivitis and rhinitis were significantly less frequent in the MCV2 group (47% and 54%) compared to MCV0 (80% and 80%), p < 0.001 and p = 0.002 respectively. Typical exanthema was present in 74 (87%) MCV0 and 56 (67%) MCV2 patients, p = 0.005. Complications were most common in the MCV0 group (29%). ECDC clinical case criteria were met in 81 (95%) MCV0, 18 (72%) MCV1 and 59 (71%) MCV2 patients, p < 0.001. IgM were positive in 64 (83%) MCV0, 14 (74%) MCV1 and 36 (67%) MCV2 patients, differences were not statistically significant. There were highly significant differences in IgG between MCV0 and both vaccinated groups (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: A redefinition of the clinical case classification is essential to better capture modified measles and to raise awareness among healthcare workers of the differences in measles in vaccinated patients.

• MeSH
• Child MeSH
• Adult MeSH
• Immunoglobulin G blood   MeSH
• Immunoglobulin M * blood   MeSH
• Infant MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Adolescent MeSH
• Young Adult MeSH
• Child, Preschool MeSH
• Antibodies, Viral blood   MeSH
• Measles Vaccine * administration & dosage   immunology   MeSH
• Measles * prevention & control   immunology   MeSH
• Vaccination * statistics & numerical data   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Child MeSH
• Adult MeSH
• Infant MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Adolescent MeSH
• Young Adult MeSH
• Male MeSH
• Child, Preschool MeSH
• Female MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Geographicals
• Czech Republic MeSH

PURPOSE: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) dramatically changed the prognosis of patients with NSCLC. Unfortunately, a reliable predictive biomarker is still missing. Commonly used biomarkers, such as PD-L1, MSI, or TMB, are not quite accurate in predicting ICI efficacy. METHODS: In this prospective observational cohort study, we investigated the predictive role of erythrocytes, thrombocytes, innate and adaptive immune cells, complement proteins (C3, C4), and cytokines from peripheral blood of 224 patients with stage III/IV NSCLC treated with ICI alone (pembrolizumab, nivolumab, and atezolizumab) or in combination (nivolumab + ipilimumab) with chemotherapy. These values were analyzed for associations with the response to the treatment and survival endpoints. RESULTS: Higher baseline Tregs, MPV, hemoglobin, and lower monocyte levels were associated with favorable PFS and OS. Moreover, increased baseline basophils and lower levels of C3 predicted significantly improved PFS. The levels of the baseline immature granulocytes, C3, and monocytes were significantly associated with the occurrence of partial regression at the first restaging. Multiple studied parameters (n = 9) were related to PFS benefit at the time of first restaging as compared to baseline values. In addition, PFS nonbenefit group showed a decrease in lymphocyte count after three months of therapy. The OS benefit was associated with higher levels of lymphocytes, erythrocytes, hemoglobin, MCV, and MPV, and a lower value of NLR after three months of treatment. CONCLUSION: Our work suggests that parameters from peripheral venous blood may be potential biomarkers in NSCLC patients on ICI. The baseline values of Tregs, C3, monocytes, and MPV are especially recommended for further investigation.

• MeSH
• B7-H1 Antigen MeSH
• Biomarkers MeSH
• Hemoglobins therapeutic use   MeSH
• Immunophenotyping MeSH
• Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors therapeutic use   MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Lung Neoplasms * MeSH
• Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung * MeSH
• Nivolumab therapeutic use   MeSH
• Prospective Studies MeSH
• Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological * therapeutic use   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Observational Study MeSH

Immunotherapy combinations with tyrosine-kinase inhibitors (TKIs) and immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) had significantly improved outcomes of patients with mRCC. Predictive and prognostic factors are crucial to improve patients' counseling and management. The present study aimed to externally validate the prognostic value of a previously developed red cell-based score, including hemoglobin (Hb), mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and red cell distribution width (RDW), in patients with mRCC treated with first-line immunotherapy combinations (TKI plus ICI or ICI plus ICI). We performed a sub-analysis of a multicentre retrospective observational study (ARON-1 project) involving patients with mRCC treated with first-line immunotherapy combinations. Uni- and multivariable Cox regression models were used to assess the correlation between the red cell-based score and progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS). Logistic regression were used to estimate the correlation between the score and the objective response rate (ORR). The prognostic impact of the red cell-based score on PFS and OS was confirmed in the whole population regardless of the immunotherapy combination used [median PFS (mPFS): 17.4 vs 8.2 months, HR 0.66, 95% CI 0.47-0.94; median OS (mOS): 42.0 vs 17.3 months, HR 0.60, 95% CI 0.39-0.92; p < 0.001 for both]. We validated the prognostic significance of the red cell-based score in patients with mRCC treated with first-line immunotherapy combinations. The score is easy to use in daily clinical practice and it might improve patient counselling.

• MeSH
• Progression-Free Survival MeSH
• Immunotherapy MeSH
• Carcinoma, Renal Cell * secondary   MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Kidney Neoplasms * pathology   MeSH
• Prognosis MeSH
• Retrospective Studies MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Observational Study MeSH
• Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH

OBJECTIVES: Our objective was to compare the measurement of residual white blood cell (rWBC) and residual red blood cell (rRBC) counts in blood products using the XN Blood Bank mode and the laboratory standard operating procedures for manual counts. In addition, to compare the whole blood complete blood count (CBC) values of blood donors and the quality of blood products using the Sysmex XN analyser versus the XS-1000i analyser. MATERIALS AND METHODS: For blood donors, 190 samples from blood or apheresis donors were analysed on both the Sysmex XS-1000i and XN-1000 analysers and the mean values of six CBC parameters were compared: the white blood cell count (WBC), the red blood cell count (RBC), haemoglobin (HGB), haematocrit (HCT), the mean corpuscular volume (MCV), the platelet count (PLT). For blood products, 164 samples were collected: 13 Plasma products - whole blood, 9 Plasma products - apheresis, 36 RBC concentrates - whole blood, 30 PLT concentrates - buffy coats, 36 PLT concentrates - buffy coats - pooled and 55 PLT concentrates - apheresis. RESULTS: All CBC parameters of the blood donors tested showed similar performance, with excellent correlation coefficients (r) ranging from 0.821 to 0.995. The majority of the blood products did not have a quantifiable number of residual cells, meaning the number of rWBC and rRBC, if present, was below the limit of quantitation (LoQ) of the different methods. rWBC were detected by Blood Bank mode in Plasma products - whole blood with a mean rWBC of 0.012 × 109 /L and in PLT concentrates - buffy coats with a mean rWBC of 0.19 × 109 /L. The correlation coefficient in both analysers for all three parameters (HGB, HCT, RBC) in RBC concentrates - whole blood was excellent, ranging from 0.95 to 0.99. For platelet count, r ranged from 0.98 to 0.99. CONCLUSION: The XN-Series analyser, equipped with a Blood Bank mode, demonstrated reliable performance when used for blood donor evaluation, rWBC enumeration and measurement of end blood products.

• MeSH
• Blood Donors * MeSH
• Erythrocytes MeSH
• Blood Banks * MeSH
• Blood Cell Count methods   MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Platelet Count MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH

Příručka se zaměřuje na metody různých laboratorních vyšetření a na porozumění jejich výsledkům. Určeno odborné i široké veřejnosti.; Přehledný, praktický a dobře srozumitelný průvodce po laboratorních vyšetřeních a hodnotách je určen široké čtenářské veřejnosti. Kniha je rozdělena do tří částí - v první části jsou stručně popsány běžné laboratorní metody a postupy při získávání a zpracování vzorků, je také ukázáno jak biochemická laboratoř funguje a jaké se při práci v ní mohou vyskytnout chyby a problémy. Hlavní část průvodce obsahuje abecedně řazené laboratorní hodnoty s různými odkazy a vysvětlivkami. Třetí část vysvětluje základní laboratorní a biochemické pojmy a běžně používané zkratky.

• MeSH
• Clinical Laboratory Techniques * MeSH
• Reference Values MeSH
• Bias MeSH
• Publication type
• Popular Work MeSH
• Handbook MeSH

• Conspectus
• Patologie. Klinická medicína
• NML Fields
• chemie, klinická chemie

PURPOSE: The present systematic review and network meta-analysis (NMA) compared the current different neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) regimes for bladder cancer patients to rank them. METHODS: We used the Bayesian approach in NMA of six different therapy regimens cisplatin, cisplatin/doxorubicin, (gemcitabine/cisplatin) GC, cisplatin/methotrexate, methotrexate, cisplatin, and vinblastine (MCV) and (MVAC) compared to locoregional treatment. RESULTS: Fifteen studies comprised 4276 patients who met the eligibility criteria. Six different regimes were not significantly associated with a lower likelihood of overall mortality rate compared to local treatment alone. In progression-free survival (PFS) rates, cisplatin, GC, cisplatin/methotrexate, MCV and MVAC were not significantly associated with a higher likelihood of PFS rate compared to locoregional treatment alone. In local control outcome, MCV, MVAC, GC and cisplatin/methotrexate were not significantly associated with a higher likelihood of local control rate versus locoregional treatment alone. Nevertheless, based on the analyses of the treatment ranking according to SUCRA, it was highly likely that MVAC with high certainty of results appeared as the most effective approach in terms of mortality, PFS and local control rates. GC and cisplatin/doxorubicin with low certainty of results was found to be the best second options. CONCLUSION: No significant differences were observed in mortality, progression-free survival and local control rates before and after adjusting the type of definitive treatment in any of the six study arms. However, MVAC was found to be the most effective regimen with high certainty, while cisplatin alone and cisplatin/methotrexate should not be recommended as a neoadjuvant chemotherapy regime.

• MeSH
• Bayes Theorem MeSH
• Cisplatin * therapeutic use   MeSH
• Cystectomy MeSH
• Doxorubicin therapeutic use   MeSH
• Gemcitabine MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Methotrexate therapeutic use   MeSH
• Urinary Bladder Neoplasms * drug therapy   MeSH
• Neoadjuvant Therapy methods   MeSH
• Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols MeSH
• Network Meta-Analysis as Topic MeSH
• Vinblastine therapeutic use   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Meta-Analysis MeSH
• Systematic Review MeSH

The objective of this research was to determine the effect of L-carnitine antioxidant ability on some hematological parameters such as the extent of red blood corpuscles (RBCs), "Packed cells volume (PCV)", Hemoglobin (Hb), and Mean cellular volume (MCV) in normal and oxidative stress exposed rats respectively. Using an animal model, "Hydrogen peroxide ((H2O2 0.5 %)" was mixed with drinking tap water to induce oxidative stress through the experiment period (30 days). Three groups were used in this study (each containing 7 rats) one of them was the negative control group and the other two were the positive control group (oxidative stress group treated with H2O2) and the treatment group treated with H2O2 + L-carnitine. The oxidative stress group showed a significant decrease (P<0.05) in RBCs count, and no significant differences (P<0.05) were observed in Hb, PCV, and MCV compared with the control group on the other hand the treatment group revealed a significant increase (P<0.05) in RBCs count in cooperation with the oxidative stress group. It can be concluded that L-carnitine has a positive key role toward H2O2 induced oxidative stress. This role positively affects the red bone marrow and erythropoiesis through balancing the negative effect of oxidative stress and can be monitored through RBCs count only.

• MeSH
• Erythrocytes MeSH
• Erythropoiesis physiology   MeSH
• Hematologic Tests MeSH
• Hemoglobins MeSH
• Carnitine * physiology   blood   therapeutic use   MeSH
• Disease Models, Animal * MeSH
• Oxidative Stress physiology   MeSH
• Hydrogen Peroxide adverse effects   MeSH
• Cell Count MeSH
• Research MeSH
• Animals MeSH
• Check Tag
• Animals MeSH

• Publication type
• Meeting Abstract MeSH

Sunitinib is a broad-spectrum multitargeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor mainly used as second-line therapy for non-resectable gastrointestinal stromal or first-line treatment option of metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC), and as an "off-label" option in pediatric oncology. It has been previously reported that sunitinib elevates the mean corpuscular volume of erythrocytes (MCV) in treated subjects. The aim of this study was to assess time-dependent changes of this effect and evaluate its possible clinical relevance. In this study, 179 adult and 21 pediatric patients with solid tumors treated with sunitinib were retrospectively analyzed. The laboratory and treatment-related data were collected for each treatment period. The regression model with a broken-line relationship was used to fit time dependence of the MCV. In the adult group, the MCV was increasing during the first 21.6 weeks (median) of treatment in a median level of 99.8 fL, where it stabilized. MCV increase was faster in the patients who suffered from treatment-related adverse events (21.3 vs. 24.6 weeks, p = 0.010). In the pediatric cohort, the MCV dynamics were similar to adults. In conclusion, MCV changes during sunitinib treatment in pediatric and adult patients may be of clinical utility in monitoring sunitinib treatment course.

• MeSH
• Child MeSH
• Adult MeSH
• Erythrocyte Indices MeSH
• Indoles adverse effects   MeSH
• Carcinoma, Renal Cell * drug therapy   pathology   MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Kidney Neoplasms * drug therapy   pathology   MeSH
• Antineoplastic Agents * adverse effects   MeSH
• Pyrroles adverse effects   MeSH
• Retrospective Studies MeSH
• Sunitinib pharmacology   therapeutic use   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Child MeSH
• Adult MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH