Microbicidal effect
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Antibiotic resistance is one of the biggest threats to global health. Fungal endophytes are important sources of active natural products with antimicrobial potential. The purpose of this study was to characterize the endophytes coexisting with Helichrysum oocephalum, evaluate their antimicrobial activities, and annotate the endophytes metabolites. Six fungal species, including Fusarium avenaceum and Fusarium tricinctum, were identified. Endophytes were cultured, and their metabolites were extracted. The antimicrobial effects of the extracts were tested against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, and Candida albicans. In addition, anti-biofilm effects of the extracts were examined against P. aeruginosa and S. epidermidis. The metabolites in the most active extract were annotated on the basis of the LC-ESI-QToF-MS/MS data. In anti-biofilm studies, F. avenaceum extract was effective in destroying and inhibiting the biofilm formation of S. epidermidis. LC-MS analysis showed that most of the identified compounds in the active extracts were enniatins (cyclic hexadepsipeptides). However, apicidin derivatives were also annotated. Our results revealed that these endophytes, especially Fusarium species, have antimicrobial activity against S. aureus, B. cereus, and C. albicans and anti-biofilm activity against S. epidermidis. According to the literature, the observed antimicrobial activity can be attributed to the enniatins. However, further phytochemical and pharmacological studies are necessary in this regard.
- MeSH
- antibakteriální látky * farmakologie izolace a purifikace chemie MeSH
- antifungální látky * farmakologie izolace a purifikace chemie MeSH
- antiinfekční látky * farmakologie izolace a purifikace chemie MeSH
- Bacillus cereus účinky léků MeSH
- biofilmy účinky léků MeSH
- Candida albicans účinky léků MeSH
- endofyty * chemie metabolismus izolace a purifikace MeSH
- Escherichia coli účinky léků MeSH
- Fusarium * chemie metabolismus MeSH
- mikrobiální testy citlivosti MeSH
- Pseudomonas aeruginosa účinky léků MeSH
- Staphylococcus aureus účinky léků MeSH
- Staphylococcus epidermidis účinky léků MeSH
- tandemová hmotnostní spektrometrie MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Monascus pigments having yellow, orange, and red colors are widely studied for their potential beneficial properties. Many different biological activities have been reported regarding Monascus pigments and their derivatives, but the usual method is to test complex extracts from the mycelium of the fungus or from a fungus-fermented substrate. However, this review is mainly concerned with the biological activities of purified Monascus pigments. Both yellow (ankaflavin, monascin) and red (rubropunctamine, monascorubramine) Monascus pigments are proven antioxidants if used in concentrations of 10 μg/mL or higher. Antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and fungi has been observed with all Monascus pigments. However, the best antimicrobials are red Monascus pigments, and their amino acid derivatives (l-cysteine derivatives have MIC 4 μg/mL against Enterococcus faecalis). Yellow monaphilones and orange monaphilols seem to have the highest anti-inflammatory activity (IC50 1.7 μM of monaphilol D) and, together with red Monascus pigment derivatives, have mild antiobesity and antidiabetic activities. Further, monascin and ankaflavin in daily doses of 0.5 and 0.08 mg, respectively, lowered serum blood levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol complexes in rats on a high-fat diet. Orange Monascus pigments, rubropunctatin and monaphilols A and C, exhibit cytotoxic and antitumor activities (IC50 8-10 μM).
- MeSH
- antibakteriální látky farmakologie chemie izolace a purifikace MeSH
- antiflogistika farmakologie chemie izolace a purifikace MeSH
- antiinfekční látky farmakologie chemie izolace a purifikace MeSH
- antioxidancia farmakologie chemie izolace a purifikace MeSH
- biologické pigmenty * farmakologie chemie izolace a purifikace MeSH
- flaviny farmakologie chemie MeSH
- grampozitivní bakterie účinky léků MeSH
- heterocyklické sloučeniny tricyklické MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mikrobiální testy citlivosti MeSH
- molekulární struktura MeSH
- Monascus * chemie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
BACKGROUND: Antimicrobial lock therapy is recommended for preventing and treating catheter-related bloodstream infections, but different solutions have uncertain efficacy. METHODS: Two locks, 1.35% taurolidine and 4% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), were tested on Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus aureus, methicillin-resistant S. aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, multidrug-resistant P. aeruginosa, vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium, Klebsiella oxytoca (carbapenemase producing), K. pneumoniae (extended-spectrum β-lactamase producing), Candida albicans, and Candida glabrata. Broviac catheter segments were incubated with these organisms and then exposed to various lock solutions. Colony-forming units (CFUs) were counted after 2, 4, and 24 h of incubation. RESULTS: Taurolidine showed a significant decrease in CFUs after 2 h in S. aureus, S. epidermidis, methicillin-resistant S. aureus, vancomycin-resistant E. faecium, P. aeruginosa (both sensitive and multidrug-resistant strains), K. oxytoca, C. albicans, and C. glabrata. After 4 h, significant reductions were noted in S. aureus, S. epidermidis, methicillin-resistant S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, multidrug-resistant P. aeruginosa, K. pneumoniae, K. oxytoca, and C. albicans. Taurolidine was also effective after 24 h, especially against methicillin-resistant S. aureus and multidrug-resistant P. aeruginosa. Four percent EDTA acid showed a significant reduction in CFUs after 2 h in S. aureus, vancomycin-resistant E. faecium, P. aeruginosa, K. oxytoca, C. albicans, and C. glabrata. After 4 h, reductions occurred in P. aeruginosa, multidrug-resistant P. aeruginosa, K. oxytoca, and C. albicans and after 24 h in methicillin-resistant S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, and K. oxytoca. CONCLUSION: Taurolidine is more effective than 4% EDTA acid in eradicating Gram-positive and Gram-negative microorganisms and fungi.
- MeSH
- antiinfekční látky * farmakologie MeSH
- Candida albicans účinky léků MeSH
- EDTA * farmakologie MeSH
- katétrové infekce * prevence a kontrola mikrobiologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- methicilin rezistentní Staphylococcus aureus účinky léků MeSH
- mikrobiální testy citlivosti MeSH
- počet mikrobiálních kolonií MeSH
- Pseudomonas aeruginosa účinky léků MeSH
- Staphylococcus aureus účinky léků MeSH
- Staphylococcus epidermidis účinky léků MeSH
- taurin * analogy a deriváty farmakologie MeSH
- thiadiaziny * farmakologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- srovnávací studie MeSH
Liver-enriched antimicrobial peptide 2 (LEAP2) is a natural antagonist/inverse agonist of ghrelin receptor GHSR. Its truncated palmitoylated analog palm-LEAP2(1-14) promised anti-obesity properties because it exhibited favourable stability and an acute anorexigenic effect in our previous studies. Here we demonstrate desirable palm-LEAP2(1-14) pharmacokinetics, with significant levels of the peptide persisting in mouse blood 3 h after its subcutaneous administration. Palm-LEAP2 (1-14) reduced ghrelin-induced c-Fos immunoreactivity in arcuate nucleus and area postrema, in line with previously described silencing of ghrelin orexigenic effect. In spite of this, anti-obesity effect was not reached by two-week palm-LEAP2(1-14) treatment in mice with diet-induced obesity. Similarly, palm-LEAP2(1-14) administered simultaneously with high-fat diet feeding for 8 weeks did not protect mice from development of obesity and related biochemical changes. However, palm-LEAP2(1-14) kept its ability to attenuate liver de novo lipogenesis, and prominently lowered liver gene expression of nuclear receptors PPARG, SREBF1 and PPARA, and also expression of lipogenic and lipolytic enzymes. In our recent study, we described a high-fat diet-induced ghrelin resistance, reversible by switch to standard diet, followed by resistance to the acute anorexigenic effects of palm-LEAP2(1-14). Here we conclude that this resistance to palm-LEAP2(1-14) in obesity is probably selective and does not concern its ability to inhibit liver lipid metabolism.
- MeSH
- dieta s vysokým obsahem tuků * škodlivé účinky MeSH
- ghrelin * metabolismus MeSH
- játra * metabolismus účinky léků MeSH
- kationické antimikrobiální peptidy metabolismus MeSH
- lipogeneze účinky léků genetika MeSH
- metabolismus lipidů * účinky léků MeSH
- myši inbrední C57BL * MeSH
- myši MeSH
- obezita * metabolismus MeSH
- peptidové fragmenty MeSH
- protoonkogenní proteiny c-fos metabolismus genetika MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- myši MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Laccase-producing fungus (MY3) was successfully isolated from soil samples collected from Mansoura Governorate, Egypt. This fungal isolate has shown a high laccase production level over other isolated fungi. The identity of this isolate was determined by the molecular technique 18SrRNA as Curvularia lunata MY3. The enzyme purification was performed using ammonium sulfate precipitation followed by Sephacryl S-200 and DEAE-Sepharose column chromatography. The denatured enzyme using SDS-PAGE had a molar mass of 65 kDa. The purified laccase had an optimum temperature at 40 °C for enzyme activity with 57.3 kJ/mol activation energy for 2,2'-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) oxidation. The enzyme had an optimum pH of 5.0, and it has shown a high stability at the acidic range (4.5 to 5.5). Mn2+ and Mg2+ ions enhanced the enzyme activity, while most of the enzyme activity was inhibited by Hg2+. Some compounds such as 2-mercaptoethanol, L-cysteine, and sodium azide at a concentration of 10 mmol/L had shown a high suppression effect on the enzyme activity. The enzyme strongly oxidized ABTS and syringaldazine and moderately oxidized DMP and guaiacol. The antimicrobial activity of the purified enzyme towards three pathogenic strains (Escherichia coli ATCC-25922, Staphylococcus aureus NRRLB-767, and Candida albicans ATCC-10231) was evaluated for the potential use as an antimicrobial therapeutic enzyme.
Novým osobním ochranným prostředkem je obličejová maska vybavená nanovlákenným filtrem s enkapsulovaným jodovaným povidonem, která byla vyvinuta a otestována při klinické zkoušce. Filtr s funkcionalizovanými nanovlákny se vyznačuje nízkým průtokovým (vdechovým) odporem, umožňuje tudíž pohodlné dýchání a minimalizuje vdechování vzduchu procházejícího mimo filtr. Filtr je díky přítomnosti aktivní látky vhodný i pro aplikaci po nechráněné virové expozici. Uskutečněná zkouška prokázala, že testovaný nanovlákenný filtr s jodovaným povidonem se vyznačuje pomalým uvolňováním jódu, které minimalizuje vedlejší účinky, ale zachovává dezinfekční účinnost. Z výsledků naší klinické zkoušky provedené na 207 pozitivně testovaných pacientech se SARS-CoV-2, kteří nosili osobní ochranné prostředky po dobu 4–8 hodin denně po dobu 1 až 4 dnů, vyplynulo, že i množství jódu pouhých 0,00028 ppm postačovalo k významnému snížení reprodukčního čísla a také k ochraně před závažným průběhem onemocnění.
The novel personal protection equipment based on a face mask equipped with a nanofiber filter functionalized with povidone iodine has been developed and tested in a clinical trial. This nanofiber filter was characterized with a low flow resistance and, thus, allowed comfortable breathing. The performed study proved that the novel nanofiber filter with incorporated povidone-iodine was characterized with a slow release of iodine which minimized side effects but kept disinfection efficiency. Our clinical study performed on 207 positively tested SARS-CoV-2 patients wearing the PPE for 4–8 hours daily for 1 to 4 days has shown that even the iodine amount as low as 0.00028 ppm was sufficient to significantly decrease the reproduction number and, very importantly, to protect against severe course of disease.
Peptides that form transmembrane barrel-stave pores are potential alternative therapeutics for bacterial infections and cancer. However, their optimization for clinical translation is hampered by a lack of sequence-function understanding. Recently, we have de novo designed the first synthetic barrel-stave pore-forming antimicrobial peptide with an identified function of all residues. Here, we systematically mutate the peptide to improve pore-forming ability in anticipation of enhanced activity. Using computer simulations, supported by liposome leakage and atomic force microscopy experiments, we find that pore-forming ability, while critical, is not the limiting factor for improving activity in the submicromolar range. Affinity for bacterial and cancer cell membranes needs to be optimized simultaneously. Optimized peptides more effectively killed antibiotic-resistant ESKAPEE bacteria at submicromolar concentrations, showing low cytotoxicity to human cells and skin model. Peptides showed systemic anti-infective activity in a preclinical mouse model of Acinetobacter baumannii infection. We also demonstrate peptide optimization for pH-dependent antimicrobial and anticancer activity.
- MeSH
- Acinetobacter baumannii účinky léků MeSH
- antibakteriální látky farmakologie chemie chemická syntéza MeSH
- antimikrobiální peptidy chemie farmakologie chemická syntéza MeSH
- kationické antimikrobiální peptidy farmakologie chemie chemická syntéza MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mikrobiální testy citlivosti MeSH
- myši MeSH
- nádorové buněčné linie MeSH
- protinádorové látky * farmakologie chemie chemická syntéza MeSH
- racionální návrh léčiv * MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- myši MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
This article presents a method for producing hydrogel dressings using high methylated pectin from apples or citrus, doped with the antiseptic agent, octenidine dihydrochloride. Octenidine was incorporated in-situ during the polymer crosslinking. The pectins were characterized by their varying molecular weight characteristics, monosaccharide composition, and degree of esterification (DE). The study assessed the feasibility of producing biologically active hydrogels with pectin and delved into how the polymer's characteristics affect the properties of the resulting dressings. The structure evaluation of hydrogel materials showed interactions between individual components of the system and their dependence on the type of used pectin. Both the antimicrobial properties and cytotoxicity of the dressings were evaluated. The results suggest that the primary determinants of the functional attributes of the hydrogels are the molecular weight characteristics and the DE of the pectin. As these values rise, there is an increase in polymer-polymer interactions, overshadowing polymer-additive interactions. This intensification strengthens the mechanical and thermal stability of the hydrogels and enhances the release of active components into the surrounding environment. Biological evaluations demonstrated the ability of octenidine to be released from the dressings and effectively inhibit the growth of microbial pathogens.
- MeSH
- antiinfekční látky lokální * chemie farmakologie MeSH
- Citrus chemie MeSH
- hydrogely * chemie farmakologie MeSH
- iminy * chemie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- Malus chemie MeSH
- mikrobiální testy citlivosti MeSH
- molekulová hmotnost MeSH
- obvazy * MeSH
- pektiny * chemie farmakologie MeSH
- pyridiny * chemie farmakologie MeSH
- Staphylococcus aureus účinky léků MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
BACKGROUND: To prevent infectious complications after transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy (TRUS-PB), some studies have investigated the efficacy of rectal disinfection using povidone-iodine (PI) and antibiotic prophylaxis (AP). OBJECTIVE: To summarize available data and compare the efficacy of rectal disinfection using PI with non-PI methods prior to TRUS-PB. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION: Three databases were queried through November 2023 for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) analyzing patients who underwent TRUS-PB. We compared the effectiveness of rectal disinfection between PI groups and non-PI groups with or without AP. The primary outcomes of interest were the rates of overall infectious complications, fever, and sepsis. Subgroups analyses were conducted to assess the differential outcomes in patients using fluoroquinolone groups compared to those using other antibiotics groups. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS: We included ten RCTs in the meta-analyses. The overall rates of infectious complications were significantly lower when rectal disinfection with PI was performed (RR 0.56, 95% CI 0.42-0.74, p < 0.001). Compared to AP monotherapy, the combination of AP and PI was associated with significantly lower risk of infectious complications (RR 0.54, 95% CI 0.40-0.73, p < 0.001) and fever (RR 0.47, 95% CI 0.30-0.75, p = 0.001), but not with sepsis (RR 0.49, 95% CI 0.23-1.04, p = 0.06). The use of fluoroquinolone antibiotics was associated with a lower risk of infectious complications and fever compared to non-FQ antibiotics. CONCLUSION: Rectal disinfection with PI significantly reduces the rates of infectious complications and fever in patients undergoing TRUS-PB. However, this approach does not show a significant impact on reducing the rate of sepsis following the procedure.
- MeSH
- antibiotická profylaxe metody MeSH
- antiinfekční látky lokální * terapeutické užití aplikace a dávkování MeSH
- dezinfekce metody MeSH
- jodovaný povidon * terapeutické užití aplikace a dávkování MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nádory prostaty patologie MeSH
- prostata * patologie MeSH
- rektum * MeSH
- ultrazvukem navigovaná biopsie * škodlivé účinky metody MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- metaanalýza MeSH
- systematický přehled MeSH
