Nitrogen source Dotaz Zobrazit nápovědu
The chicken feather hydrolysate (FH) has been tested as a potential complex nitrogen source for the production of polyhydroxyalkanoates by Cupriavidus necator H16 when waste frying oil was used as a carbon source. The addition of FH into the mineral salt media with decreased inorganic nitrogen source concentration improved the yields of biomass and polyhydrohyalkanoates. The highest yields were achieved when 10 vol.% of FH prepared by microwave-assisted alkaline hydrolysis of 60 g l-1 feather was added. In this case, the poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) yields were improved by more than about 50% as compared with control cultivation. A positive impact of FH was also observed for accumulation of copolymer poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) when sodium propionate was used as a precursor. The copolymer has superior processing and mechanical properties in comparison with PHB homopolymer. The application of FH eliminated the inhibitory effect of propionate and resulted in altered content of 3-hydroxyvalerate (3HV) in copolymer. Therefore, the hydrolysed feather can serve as an excellent complex source of nitrogen for the polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) production. Moreover, by the combination of two inexpensive types of waste, such as waste frying oil and feather hydrolysate, it is possible to produce PHA with substantially improved efficiency and sustainability. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT THE STUDY: Millions of tons of feathers, important waste product of poultry-processing industry, are disposed off annually without any further benefits. Thus, there is an inevitable need for new technologies that enable ecologically and economically sensible processing of this waste. Herein, we report that alkali-hydrolysed feathers can be used as a complex nitrogen source considerably improving polyhydroxyalkanoates production on waste frying oil employing Cupriavidus necator.
- MeSH
- aminokyseliny analýza MeSH
- biomasa MeSH
- Cupriavidus necator metabolismus MeSH
- dusík metabolismus MeSH
- hydrolýza MeSH
- hydroxybutyráty metabolismus MeSH
- kur domácí MeSH
- kyseliny pentanové metabolismus MeSH
- odpad tekutý - odstraňování MeSH
- oleje rostlin metabolismus MeSH
- peří chemie MeSH
- polyestery metabolismus MeSH
- polyhydroxyalkanoáty biosyntéza MeSH
- uhlík metabolismus MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Environmental cues modulate the balance of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) which are essential elements for plant metabolism and growth. In Arabidopsis, photochemical efficiency of PSII, phosphorylation status and localization of many enzymes, and the level of total soluble sugars were affected by an unbalanced C/N ratio. Since differences in C/N affect these parameters, here we checked whether different sources of N have different effects when a high C/N ratio is imposed. NO3- and NH4+ were separately provided in C/N medium. We investigated the effects on photochemical efficiency of PSII, the level of total soluble sugars and nitrate reductase activity under stressful C/N conditions compared with control conditions. We found that treated plants accumulated more total soluble sugars when compared with control. Photochemical efficiency of PSII did not show significant differences between the two sources of nitrogen after 24 h. The actual nitrate reductase activity was the result of a combination of activity, activation state and protein level. This activity constantly decreased starting from time zero in control conditions; in contrast, the actual nitrate reductase activity showed a peak at 2 h after treatment with NO3-, and at 30 min with NH4+. This, according to the level of total soluble sugars, can be explained by the existence of a cross-talk between the sugars in excess and low nitrate in the medium that blocks the activity of nitrate reductase in stressful sugar conditions until the plant is adapted to the stress.
- MeSH
- amoniové sloučeniny metabolismus MeSH
- Arabidopsis enzymologie genetika MeSH
- dusičnany metabolismus MeSH
- dusík metabolismus MeSH
- fosforylace MeSH
- nitrátreduktasa genetika metabolismus MeSH
- proteiny 14-3-3 genetika metabolismus MeSH
- regulace genové exprese u rostlin * MeSH
- uhlík metabolismus MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Whole whey hydrolyzed by Alcalase (WWH) was tested as a complex nitrogen source for the production of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) from waste frying oils by Cupriavidus necator H16. Addition of WWH (10 % (v/v) of cultivation media) supported the growth and PHB accumulation; PHB yields in Erlenmeyer flasks were more than 3.5-fold higher than in control cultivations. The positive influence of WWH on PHB production was confirmed in experiments performed in laboratory fermentor. C. necator cultivated with WWH produced 28.1 g PHB l(-1) resulting in a very high product yield coefficient of 0.94 g PHB per g oil. Since PHB yields were ~40 % higher than in the control cultivation, WWH can be considered as an excellent inexpensive nitrogen source for PHB production by C. necator.
- MeSH
- Cupriavidus necator růst a vývoj metabolismus MeSH
- dusík metabolismus MeSH
- hydrolýza MeSH
- hydroxybutyráty metabolismus MeSH
- kultivační média chemie MeSH
- mléčné bílkoviny metabolismus MeSH
- polyestery metabolismus MeSH
- subtilisiny metabolismus MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Průduškové astma, chronická obstrukční plicní nemoc a cystická fibróza patří mezi chronická zánětlivá onemocnění, která jsou doprovázena oxidativním stresem v dýchacích cestách. Při zánětlivém a infekčním onemocnění dýchacích cest se v průduškách zvýšeně tvoří oxid dusnatý (NO). Za nárůst koncentrace NO je v těchto případech odpovědná indukovatelná forma syntetázy oxidu dusnatého (NOS II). Při reakci NO s reaktivními sloučeninami kyslíku (např. superoxidový radikál) vznikají reaktivní dusíkaté látky (např. peroxodusitan), které mohou reagovat s dalšími molekulami, a tím měnit jejich funkci. Množství NO v dýchacích cestách je možné zjistit zaprvé stanovením NO ve vydechovaném vzduchu a zadruhé změřením koncentrace metabolitů NO (dusitany, dusičnany, nitrosothioly, 3-nitrotyrozin) v kondenzátu vydechovaného vzduchu, bronchoalveolární tekutině a indukovaném sputu. Práce se zabývá metodami vyšetření NO a metabolitů NO v dýchacích cestách a jejich využitím v klinické praxi.
Asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, cystic fibrosis and many other lung diseases involve chronic inflammation and oxidative stress in the lungs. The inducible form of nitric oxide synthases (NOS II) is the main source of nitric oxide (NO) involved in inflammatory responses and pathogen killing. Interaction of NO with reactive oxygen metabolites (e.g. superoxide anion) produces NO-derived reactive nitrogen intermediates (e.g. peroxynitrite) that can cause covalent alterations in various biomolecules, such as nitroso- and nitro-adducts, resulting in functional and/or structural changes. Synthesis of NO in the airways can be assessed by a direct measurement of NO in the exhaled air and indirectly by quantifying stable metabolites of NO (nitrite, nitrate, nitrosothiols, 3-nitrotyrosine) in fluids within the respiratory tract. This review explores the physiological and pathophysiological role of endogenous nitric oxide in the airways. Furthermore, sampling techniques and analytical methods for NO-derived compounds are introduced and the clinical aspects of monitoring nitric oxide and its metabolites in patients with respiratory disease are discussed.
- MeSH
- bronchiální astma diagnóza etiologie MeSH
- chronická obstrukční plicní nemoc diagnóza etiologie MeSH
- cystická fibróza diagnóza etiologie MeSH
- finanční podpora výzkumu jako téma MeSH
- klinické laboratorní techniky metody přístrojové vybavení MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- odběr biologického vzorku MeSH
- oxid dusnatý metabolismus MeSH
- reaktivní formy dusíku MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- přehledy MeSH
- srovnávací studie MeSH
Vacuoles play an important role in the physiology of pathogenic Candida spp. However, information on Candida albicans vacuolar enzymes, their properties, and regulation is scarce. Expression of the genes APR1 and CPY1 encoding vacuolar aspartic protease and serine carboxypeptidase, respectively, was analyzed using a clinical isolate of C. albicans. The transcription of both APR1 and CPY1 was upregulated in midexponential phase, together with increasing size of the vacuoles, when C. albicans was cultivated in yeast extract-peptone-dextrose agar at 30 °C. However, simultaneous upregulation of protein synthesis occurred only for Cpy1p. Analysis of APR1 and CPY1 expression under nitrogen-limited conditions revealed that the genes were regulated on both the transcriptional and translational levels and detectable amounts of Apr1p were synthesized only when C. albicans was grown in nitrogen-limited media.
- MeSH
- aspartátové proteasy genetika metabolismus MeSH
- Candida albicans enzymologie genetika růst a vývoj MeSH
- dusík metabolismus MeSH
- karboxypeptidasy genetika metabolismus MeSH
- kultivační média metabolismus MeSH
- regulace genové exprese u hub MeSH
- upregulace MeSH
- vakuoly enzymologie MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
