Postprandial state Dotaz Zobrazit nápovědu

We have investigated amino acid concentrations and protein metabolism in musculus extensor digitorum longus (EDL, fast-twitch, white muscle) and musculus soleus (SOL, slow-twitch, red muscle) of rats sacrificed in the fed state or after one day of starvation. Fractional protein synthesis rates (FRPS) were measured using the flooding dose method (L-[3,4,5-3H]phenylalanine). Activities of two major proteolytic systems in muscle (the ubiquitin-proteasome and lysosomal) were examined by measurement of chymotrypsin like activity of proteasome (CTLA), expression of ubiquitin ligases atrogin-1 and muscle-ring-finger-1 (MuRF-1), and cathepsin B and L activities. Intramuscular concentrations of the most of non-essential amino acids, FRPS, CTLA and cathepsin B and L activities were in postprandial state higher in SOL when compared with EDL. The differences in atrogin-1 and MuRF-1 expression were insignificant. Starvation decreased concentrations of a number of amino acids and increased concentrations of valine, leucine, and isoleucine in blood plasma. Starvation also decreased intramuscular concentrations of a number of amino acids differently in EDL and SOL, decreased protein synthesis (by 31 % in SOL and 47 % in EDL), and increased expression of atrogin-1 and MuRF-1 in EDL. The effect of starvation on CTLA and cathepsin B and L activities was insignificant. It is concluded that slow-twitch (red) muscles have higher rates of protein turnover and may adapt better to brief starvation when compared to fast-twitch (white) muscles. This phenomenon may play a role in more pronounced atrophy of white muscles in aging and muscle wasting disorders.

MeSH
aminokyseliny krev metabolismus MeSH
časové faktory MeSH
fyziologická adaptace MeSH
lyzozomy metabolismus MeSH
postprandiální období * MeSH
potkani Wistar MeSH
potravinová deprivace * MeSH
proteasomový endopeptidasový komplex metabolismus MeSH
proteinligasy komplexu SCF genetika metabolismus MeSH
proteolýza MeSH
svalová vlákna typu I metabolismus MeSH
svalová vlákna typu II metabolismus MeSH
svalové proteiny biosyntéza genetika metabolismus MeSH
TRIM protein genetika metabolismus MeSH
ubikvitinace MeSH
ubikvitinligasy genetika metabolismus MeSH
zvířata MeSH
Check Tag
mužské pohlaví MeSH
zvířata MeSH
Publikační typ
časopisecké články MeSH
srovnávací studie MeSH

Článek

Postprandial oxidative stress and gastrointestinal hormones: is there a link

BACKGROUND: Abnormal postprandial elevation of plasma glucose and lipids plays an important role in the ...

PLoS One. 2014 ; 9 (8) : e103565.

ISSN 1932-6203
Medvik
Zdroj

BACKGROUND: Abnormal postprandial elevation of plasma glucose and lipids plays an important role in the pathogenesis of diabetes and strongly predicts cardiovascular mortality. In patients suffering from type 2 diabetes (T2D) postprandial state is associated with oxidative stress, cardiovascular risk and, probably, with impairment of both secretion and the effect of gastrointestinal peptides. Evaluating postprandial changes of gastrointestinal hormones together with changes in oxidative stress markers may help to understand the mechanisms behind the postprandial state in diabetes as well as suggest new preventive and therapeutical strategies. METHODS: A standard meal test has been used for monitoring the postprandial concentrations of gastrointestinal hormones and oxidative stress markers in patients with T2D (n = 50) compared to healthy controls (n = 50). Blood samples were drawn 0, 30, 60, 120 and 180 minutes after the standard meal. RESULTS: Both basal and postprandial plasma concentrations of glucose and insulin proved to be significantly higher in patients with T2D, whereas plasma concentrations of ghrelin showed significantly lower values during the whole meal test. In comparison with healthy controls, both basal and postprandial concentrations of almost all other gastrointestinal hormones and lipoperoxidation were significantly increased while ascorbic acid, reduced glutathione and superoxide dismutase activity were decreased in patients with T2D. A positive relationship was found between changes in GIP and those of glucose and immunoreactive insulin in diabetic patients (p<0.001 and p<0.001, respectively) and between changes in PYY and those of glucose (p<0.01). There was a positive correlation between changes in GIP and PYY and changes in ascorbic acid in patients with T2D (p<0.05 and p<0.001, respectively). CONCLUSION/INTERPRETATION: Apart from a positive relationship of postprandial changes in GIP and PYY with changes in ascorbic acid, there was no direct link observed between gastrointestinal hormones and oxidative stress markers in diabetic patients. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01572402.

MeSH
diabetes mellitus 2. typu krev MeSH
gastrointestinální hormony krev MeSH
inzulin krev MeSH
krevní glukóza analýza MeSH
kyseliny mastné neesterifikované krev MeSH
lidé středního věku MeSH
lidé MeSH
lipidy krev MeSH
oxidační stres fyziologie MeSH
postprandiální období fyziologie MeSH
Check Tag
lidé středního věku MeSH
lidé MeSH
mužské pohlaví MeSH
ženské pohlaví MeSH
Publikační typ
časopisecké články MeSH
práce podpořená grantem MeSH

Článek

Effect of short term aerobic exercise on fasting and postprandial lipoprotein subfractions in healthy sedentary men

) and postprandial state (23.88 ± 3.52, 19.25 ± 3.62, p < 0.05), total cholesterol in fasting (162.26 ...

Lipids in health and disease. 2015 ; 14 (-) : 151. [pub] 20151125

Lipids Health Dis
ISSN 1476-511X
Medvik
Zdroj

BACKGROUND: Our goal was to investigate the effect of short term exercise on fasting and postprandial lipoprotein profile. METHODS: Healthy sedentary men exercised 20 min for four days. The intensity of exercise was modulated to maintain 75-80 % of a calculated HRmax. Before and after the exercise program, fasting and postprandial (4 h after standard meal) concentrations of lipoprotein subfractions were measured by an electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gel and total concentrations of TAG, LDL and HDL by enzymatic colorimetric method. After 2 days of rest, fasting and postprandial concentrations of lipoprotein fractions and subfractions were measured to determine a persistency of a changes in the lipoprotein profile. RESULTS: 4 days of physical exercise led to statistically significant decrease of concentration of triacylglycerol in fasting (76.29 ± 20.07, 53.92 ± 10.90, p < 0.05) and postprandial state (139.06 ± 23.72, 96.55 ± 25.21, p < 0.05) VLDL in fasting (21.88 ± 3.87, 18.00 ± 3.93, p < 0.05) and postprandial state (23.88 ± 3.52, 19.25 ± 3.62, p < 0.05), total cholesterol in fasting (162.26 ± 23.38, 148.91 ± 17.72, p < 0.05) and postprandial state (163.73 ± 23.02, 150.08 ± 18.11, p < 0.05). Atherogenic medium LDL decreased also in fasting (9.89 ± 3.27, 6.22 ± 2.55, p < 0.001) and postprandial state (8.88 ± 6.51, 6.88 ± 5.57, p < 0.001). However decrease of large IDL (25.38 ± 3.54, 23.88 ± 3.91, p < 0.05) and large LDL particles (42.89 ± 11.40, 38.67 ± 9.30) was observed only in postprandial state. Total HDL concentration remained unchanged but we observed statistically significant decrease of small HDL particles in fasting (6.11 ± 2.89, 4.22, p < 0.05) and postprandial state (6.44 ± 3.21, 4.56 ± 1.33, p < 0.05). Concentration of these particles are associated with progression of atherosclerosis. All changes of fasting and postprandial lipoprotein profile disappeared after 2 days of rest. CONCLUSION: Just 4 daily settings of 20 min of physical exercise can lead to significant positive changes of fasting and postprandial lipoprotein profile.

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Postprandial state Dotaz Zobrazit nápovědu

Postprandial state Dotaz Zobrazit nápovědu

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